Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"A Dry Formulation for the Bacterization of Seeds with Bacterial Antagonists and Multiplication of the Bacteria in the Rhizosphere","authors":"M. Wölk ,&nbsp;S. Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80198-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80198-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The seed bacterization capacity of different kinds of gums were tested. A concentration of 40% of gum arabic led to best survival rate and showed no negative influence on the germination of cucumber and bean seeds. Moreover, increasing concentrations of bacteria on seeds enhanced the population of bacteria on the roots.</p></div><div><p>Verschiedene Gummiarten wurden hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung zur Bakterisation von Samen getestet. Dabei erzielte Gummi-Arabicum bei einer Konzentration von 40% die höchsten Überlebensraten. Gummi-Arabicum hatte auch keinen negativen Einfluß auf die Keimung von Gurken- und Bohnensamen. Steigende Bakterienkonzentrationen auf Samen führten zu größeren Bakterienpopulationsdichten an den Wurzeln.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 487-496"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80198-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Pesticides Used for Seed Treatment of Potatoes on Microbial Activities in Soil","authors":"H.-P. Malkomes","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80199-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80199-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under laboratory conditions the effect of practical doses of the fungicides “Monceren” (pencycuron) and “Risolex” (tolclofos-methyl), normally used for seed treatments of potatoes, on microbial activities in two soils were investigated. In parallel trials soil moisture and organic amendment were varied. The nitrification as well as microbial activities related to microbial biomass (dehydrogenase = TTC-reduction; glucose-induced short-term respiration) were only slightly affected by the pesticides. Carbon mineralization (long-term respiration), however, was inhibited in a sandy soil and stimulated or inhibited in a loamy soil. The nitrogen mineralization was less clearly influenced. Soil moisture and lucerne meal caused some modifications of these results. The relationship between mineralized carbon and nitrogen was strongly changed by lucerne meal, but only little by the pesticides.</p></div><div><p>Unter Laborbedingungen wurde der Einfluß praxisnaher Dosierungen der beiden fungiziden Kartoffel-Beizmittel „Monceren“ (Pencycuron) und „Risolex“ (Tolclofos-methyl) auf mikrobielle Aktivitäten in zwei Böden unter Einbeziehung von Feuchtigkeit und Luzernemehldüngung untersucht. Die Nitrifikation sowie die mit der Biomasse verknüpften Aktivitäten Dehydrogenase (TTC-Reduktion) und Glucose-induzierte Kurzzeitatmung wurden durch die Mittel kaum beeinträchtigt. Dagegen wurde die Kohlenstoffmineralisierung (Langzeitatmung) meistens gehemmt. Die Netto-Stickstoffmineralisierung wies weniger klare Beeinflussungen auf. Feuchtigkeit und organische Düngung modifizierten die Ergebnisse meist geringfügig. Das Verhältnis aus mineralisiertem Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff wurde durch Luzernemehl stark verändert, durch die Beizmittel dagegen nur wenig.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 497-504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80199-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrification Potential of Five Soils Amended with Urea and Ammonium Sulphate","authors":"N. Pakale ,&nbsp;A.R. Alagawadi","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80202-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80202-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrification potential of five soils of north Karnataka viz., black soil, red soil, paddy soil, forest soil and a sodic soil amended with urea and ammonium sulphate (@ 4 mg NH⁺₄-N 10 g⁻¹ soil) was studied. Both the fertilizers significantly enhanced the nitrification potential of all the soils. Addition of urea enhanced nitrification potential significantly over addition of ammonium sulphate in all the soils except red soil. The lowest nitrification potential was recorded in forest soil irrespective of the addition of ammoniacal fertilizers. The change in nitrification potentials of soils with respect to physico-chemical properties are also discussed.</p></div><div><p>Es wurde das Nitrifikationspotential von 5 Böden aus Nord-Karnataka untersucht, die mit Harnstoff und Ammoniumsulfat gedüngt waren (entsprechend 4 mg NH₊₄-N pro 10 g Boden) und zwar ein Schwarzerde-, Roterde-, Reis-, Forst- und ein Salzboden. Beide Düngungen erhöhten signifikant das Nitrifikationspotential der Böden. Die Zugabe von Harnstoff erhöhte das Nitrifikationspotential signifikant gegenüber der Zugabe von Ammoniumsulfat in allen Böden, mit Ausnahme der Roterde. Das niedrigste Nitrifikationspotential wurde in Forstböden gefunden. Die Veränderungen der Nitrifikationsfähigkeiten der Böden wurden in Bezug auf die physikochemischen Eigenschaften diskutiert.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 523-527"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80202-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ability of Plant Pathogenic Microorganisms to Survive in Soil a Summarizing Reflection","authors":"K. Naumann ,&nbsp;E. Griesbach","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80190-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80190-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The importance of soil as inoculum source for plant pathogenic bacteria and fungi is stated. Plant parasites have developed several modes of survival in absence of host plants. For many of them the survival in soil is essential. By examples, the differences between real soil-inhabiting plant parasites and species having only randomly invaded soil are described. Parasites continuously occurring in soil and organisms with a typical soil stage in their life cycle cause the so-called soil-borne diseases. For these plant pathogens, soil is the most essential inoculum source.</p><p>In 2nd part of the paper as the most important kinds of survival of parasites in soil and plant residues are mentioned:</p><ul><li><span>—</span><span><p>the infection of alternative host plants</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>the commensalism in the microhabitat rhizosphere</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>the entrance in the saprophytic way of life</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>the production of resting cells (bacteria) or special resting organs (fungi)</p></span></li></ul><p>In this connection, the physiological abilities providing for the long survival of the resting structure of the causal agents in soil are discussed. Finally, the possibilities to influence the survival of plant pathogens in soil by agricultural measurements as an important compound of integrated plant protection are considered.</p></div><div><p>Es wird die Bedeutung des Bodens als Infektionsquelle für pflanzenpathogene Bakterien und Pilze erörtert. Die Pflanzenparasiten haben verschiedene Formen der Überbrückung von wirtspflanzenfreien Perioden entwik-kelt, für viele von ihnen spielt dabei die Überdauerung im Boden eine ausschlaggebende Rolle. An Hand von Beispielen wird eingehend die Unterscheidung zwischen echten Bodenbewohnern unter den parasitischen Mikroorganismen und solchen Arten dargestellt, die nur ± zufällig in den Boden gelangen und für die der Boden als Infektionsquelle ohne Bedeutung ist. Permanent im Boden vorkommende Erregerarten und parasitische Organismen mit einer charakteristischen Bodenphase verursachen die sog. bodenbürtigen Pflanzenkrankheiten; für sie ist der Boden die wichtigste Infektionsquelle.</p><p>Im 2. Teil der Arbeit werden als die wichtigsten Formen der Überdauerung von Schaderregern im Boden und in Pflanzenresten</p><p></p><ul><li><span>—</span><span><p>die Infektion alternativer Wirtspflanzen,</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>der Kommensalismus im Bereich der Rhizosphäre,</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>der Übergang in die saprophytische Lebensweise und</p></span></li><li><span>—</span><span><p>die Bildung von Ruhezellen (bei Bakterien) bzw. speziellen Dauerorganen (bei Pilzen) behandelt. Im Mittelpunkt der Betrachtung stehen dabei die physiologischen Fähigkeiten, die die lange Lebensdauer dieser Ruhestadien bedingen. Abschließend wird auf Möglichkeiten hingewiesen, die Überdauerung von Schaderregern im Boden i","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 451-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80190-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56540766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigations about the Course of Infestation of Rootlets of Apple Seedlings by Root Pathogenic Actinomycetes in Soils with Specific Apple Replant Disease","authors":"G. Otto ,&nbsp;H. Winkler ,&nbsp;K. Szabó","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80191-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80191-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The infection of rootlets by root pathogenic actinomycetes which are regarded as the cause of specific apple replant disease even begins some days after planting. It can be observed in young non-discoloured, apparently previously not yet damaged rootlets.</p><p>About five weeks after planting a first peak of the infestation is reached. After this period a decrease of the infestation occurs or a new peak appears after changing frequencies of the infestation. At the end of the vegetation period there is only a very low infestation. The differences of infestation of the roots between the consecutive dates of examination are in relation to the changing degree of increase of shoot growth of the plants within these dates. Stagnating growth results in decreased infestation. When shoot growth starts again the infestation increases. This connection suggests that the activation of the spores of the actinomycetes is set off by root exsudates of the apple plants the qualitative or quantitative composition of which is influenced by the growing terminal buds. It is supposed that one constituent of these root exsudates, operating as signal substances, are plant hormones being synthesized mainly in the growing terminal buds and in the youngest leaves and transported to the roots.</p></div><div><p>Die Infektion von Faserwurzeln durch wurzelpathogene Aktinomyzeten, die als Ursache der Bodenmüdigkeit bei Apfel angesehen werden, beginnt bereits wenige Tage nach der Pflanzung. Sie ist an ganz jungen, hellen und vorher offenbar noch nicht geschädigten Faserwurzeln feststellbar. Etwa fünf Wochen nach der Pflanzung stellt sich ein erster Gipfelpunkt des Befalls ein. Danach erfolgt entweder ein Rückgang des Befalls, oder es wird, nach wechselnden Häufigkeiten des Befalls, erneut ein Gipfelpunkt erreicht. Am Ende der Vegetationsperiode liegt nur ein sehr geringer Befall vor. Die Differenzen im Befall zwischen den aufeinander folgenden Untersuchungsterminen stehen mit den wechselnden Zuwachstraten des Neutriebes in diesen Zeitspannen in Beziehung. Bei stagnierendem Zuwachs nimmt der Befall ab, beim erneuten Einsetzen des Triebwachstums nimmt der Befall wieder zu. Dieser Zusammenhang deutet darauf hin, daß die Aktivierung der Dauerformen der Aktinomyzeten durch Wurzelausscheidungen der Apfelgehölze ausgelöst wird, deren quantitative oder qualitative Zusammensetzung von den wachsenden terminalen Vegetationspunkten beeinflußt wird. Eine Komponente dieser Wurzelausscheidungen, die als Signalstoffe wirken, wird in Wuchsstoffen vermutet, die vorwiegend in den terminalen Vegetationspunkten und den beigeordneten jüngsten Blättern synthetisiert und an die Wurzeln geleitet werden.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 467-476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80191-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56540892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution to the Mode of Action of Root Pathogenic Actinomycetes in Connection with Specific Apple Replant Disease (SARD)","authors":"G. Otto ,&nbsp;H. Winkler","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80193-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80193-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Apple seedlings and specially grafted apple rootstocks the root system of which was devided into two parts during planting were cultivated in pots which were devided into two halves. Both halves of the pot were filled either with steamed SARD soil (treatment A/A) or with non-treated SARD soil (treatment B/B). In a third treatment (A/B) one half was filled with SARD soil and the other one with steamed SARD soil. The shoot length in treatment A/B corresponded to the average of A/A and B/B. Neither the degree of SARD nor soil texture nor test plants (one or two years old apple seedlings, grafted rootstocks) led to varying results. From the investigations is concluded that the degree of growth depression by SARD is in relation to the share of damaged rootlets. The results give no indication of a direct influence of SARD on secondary metabolic processes in the plants. They support the hypothesis, that SARD is caused by root pathogenic organisms which damage the rootlets and injure the ability of the root system to take up water and nutrients.</p></div><div><p>Apfelsämlinge, deren Wurzelsystem beim Pflanzen in zwei Hälften geteilt wurden, und speziell veredelte Apfelunterlagen sind in Gefäßen kultiviert worden, die in der Mitte mit einer Trennwand versehen waren. Die beiden Substrathälften dieser Gefäße wurden entweder mit müdem, aber gedämpften Boden (Variante A/A) oder nur mit müdem Boden (Variante B/B) gefüllt. Bei einer dritten Variante erhielt eine Hälfte müden und die andere gedämpften Boden (Variante A/B). Die Neuwuchslänge in der Variante A/B entsprach dem Mittelwert aus den Varianten A/A und B/B. Weder der Grad der Bodenmüdigkeit noch die Bodenart noch das Entwicklungsstadium der Apfelgehölze (einjährige und zweijährige Apfelsämlinge, veredelte Apfelunterlagen) führten zu abweichenden Ergebnissen. Aus den Untersuchungen wird abgeleitet, daß das Ausmaß der Wuchsminderung durch die Bodenmüdigkeit in Relation zum Anteil der geschädtigten Faserwurzeln steht. Die Ergebnisse boten keine Anhaltspunkte für eine mittelbare oder unmittelbare Wirkung der Bodenmüdigkeit auf die sekundären Stoffwechselprozesse der Gehölze. Sie werden als Stützung der Hypothese angesehen, daß die Bodenmüdigkeit bei Apfel durch wurzelpathogene Organismen verursacht wird, die die Faserwurzeln schädigen und damit das Wasser- und Nährstoffaufnahmevermögen des Wurzelsystems beeinträchtigen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 477-481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80193-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56541859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Fungicides on Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Sesamum indicum L.","authors":"M. Vijayalakshmi ,&nbsp;A.S. Rao","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80196-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80196-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effects of three commonly used commercial formulations of fungicides (carbendazim, captan and blitox) on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal development of sesamum when applied with 50–500 ppm a.i. at different timings were studied. Carbendazim and blitox, when applied to soil after 30 days of seed sowing significantly inhibited mycorrhizal colonization. Drenching the soil with blitox and captan just before seed sowing tended to enhance mycorrhizal colonization.</p></div><div><p>Es wurde der Effekt von drei Fungiziden: Carbendazim, Captan und Blitox (handelsübliche Formulierungen) auf die Vesikular-arbuskulare Mycorrhiza, die sich auf Sesam entwickelt hatte, studiert und zwar in den Konzentrationen 50–500 ppm (aktive Form) und nach verschiedener Anwendungszeit. Carbendazim und Blitox — wenn 30 Tage nach Aussaat appliziert — hemmten signifikant die Mycorrhiza-Kolonisation. Befeuchtung des Bodens mit Blitox und Captan kurz vor der Aussaat, schien dagegen eine Mycorrhiza-Kolonisation zu erhöhen.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 483-486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80196-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemoheterotrophic Sulfur Oxidising Microorganisms of a Terai Soil I. Oxidation of Inorganic and Organic Sulfur by Microorganisms, Isolated in Sucrose-Sodiumthiosulfate Agar","authors":"N. Chattopadhyaya ,&nbsp;B.K. Dey","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80201-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80201-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among twenty one chemoheterotrophic sulfur-oxidising microorganisms, isolated in sucrose-sodium-thiosulfate agar plates from a representative Indian Terai Soil — a Himalayan foot hill soil of the Order Mollisol (<em>Typic Haplaquept</em>). Thirteen isolates were bacteria, twelve belong to the genus <em>Bacillus</em>, and one to Micrococcus, three actinomycetes to the genus <em>Streptomyces</em>. Five isolates were fungi — two of the genus <em>Penicillium</em>, and three of the genus <em>Aspergillus</em>. Of these, the efficient sulfur oxidisers were <em>Bacillus</em> spp — TSB₅ and TSB₆, <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. — TSA₁, and <em>Aspergillus</em> spp. — TSF₃ and TSF₅. In general, the oxidation by the isolates was essentially higher from the inorganic sulfur source, sodiumthiosulfate than from the organic sulfur source, L-cystine. The overall efficiency of the genera decreases in following order <em>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Streptomyces, Bacillus</em> and <em>Micrococcus</em>.</p></div><div><p>Aus repräsentativen indischen Terai-Böden (am Fuß des Himalaja-Gebirges), die Inceptisol-Haplaquept-Bodentypen entsprechen, wurden auf Saccharose-Natriumthiosulfat-Agarplatten 21 chemoheterotrophe Schwefel-oxidierende Mikroorganismen isoliert. 16 Mikrobenisolate waren Bakterien, 12 davon gehörten zur Gattung <em>Bacillus</em>, einer zur Gattung <em>Micrococcus</em>, 3 zur Gattung <em>Streptomyces</em>. 5 Isolate waren Pilze, 2 <em>Penicillium</em>- und 3 <em>Aspergillus</em>-Anten. Von diesen waren die effizientesten Schwefeloxidanten 2 <em>Bacillusspezies</em>: TSB₅ und TSB₆, ein <em>Streptomycesholat</em> TSA₁ sowie die beiden <em>Aspergillusisolate</em> TSF₃ und TSF₅. Allgemein war die Schwefeloxidation auf den anorganischen S-Quellen (Na-thiosulfat) wesentlich höher als auf der organischen S-Quelle 1-Cystin. Die Schwefeloxidation nahm ab in der Reihenfolge: <em>Aspergillus, Penicillium, Streptomyces, Bacillus, Mucrococcus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80201-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Andreas Herrmann","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80192-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80192-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Page 476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80192-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136838459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Nitrogen Sources on Growth and Protein Metabolism of Nectria haematococca Berk. & Br.","authors":"M. Saxena,&nbsp;M. Prasad","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80200-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80200-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isolate II (IMI No. 267377) of <em>Nectria haematococca (Fusarium solani)</em> was highly virulent for cvs. “Marglobe” and “Pusa Ruby” causing higher per cent of pre- and post-emergence killing of tomato seedlings. On the other hand isolate I (IMI No: 267376) had high virulence for cvs. “Punjab Chuhara”, “Best of All”, and “Early Dwarf”.</p><p>In both isolates increase in mat accumulation was rapid and linear between 10–15 days of growth. Nitrogen source of the medium and age of the culture determined the variation in growth response, protein build up, protease activity and size and composition of amino acid pool. Protein accumulation, protease activity and amino acid composition which varied with age of culture could be indirect determinants of virulence of the isolates of <em>N. haematococca</em>. High protein content and high protease activity with profuse liberation of amino acids at an early growth stage enables the pathogen to cause pre-emergence death of tomato seedlings. Similarly, late stage accumulation of protein by the pathogen enhances virulence and results in prominent post-emergence damping off of the seedlings.</p></div><div><p>Das Isolat II (IMI Nr. 267377) von <em>Nectria haematococca (Fusarium solani)</em> war hochvirulent für die Sorten „Marglobe“ und „Pusa Ruby“, indem es einen hohen Prozentsatz von Tomatensetzlingen vor und nach dem Druchbrechen der Erdschicht abtötete. Andererseits hat das Isolat I (IMI Nr. 267376) hohe Virulenz für die Sorten „Punjab Chuhara“, „Best of All“ und „Early Dwarf“.</p><p>Bei beiden Isolaten war die Pilzbesiedlung (Ausbildung des Pilzgeflechtes) linear ansteigend zwischen dem 10. und 15. Tag des Wachstums. Die N-Quelle des Mediums und das Alter der Kultur bestimmten die Wachstumsreaktion, die Proteinbildung, die Proteaseaktivität sowie die Größe und Zusammensetzung des Aminosäurepools. Proteinanreicherung, Proteaseaktivität und Aminosäurenzusammensetzung, die mit dem Kulturalter variierten, dürften indirekte Determinanten der Virulenz der Isolate von <em>N. haematococca</em> sein. Ein hoher Proteingehalt, hohe Proteaseaktivität mit reichlicher Aminosäurefreisetzung in einem frühen Wachstumsstadium verursacht einen frühen Tod der Tomatensetzlinge vor dem Auflaufen. Eine Akkumulation von Protein im späten Stadium erhöht in ähnlicher Weise die Virulenz des Pathogens, was zum Umfallen der Setzlinge führt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Pages 505-516"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80200-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}