Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Some Heavy Metals on the Mycelial Growth of Achlya racemosa and Alatospora acuminata","authors":"F.T. El-Hissy ,&nbsp;A.M. Khallil ,&nbsp;A.M. Abdel-Raheem","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80217-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80217-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Achlya racemosa</em> and <em>Alatospora acuminata</em> cultures were subjected to various levels of NiCl₂, CdCl₂, Pb(NO₃)₂ and CuSO₄. The mycelial dry weight of two fungal species decreased with the raise of the levels of all heavy metal salts used. The toxicity of these heavy metals correlated to some abiotic factors such as pH, temperature and organic matter (peptone and yeast extract) was examined. The toxicity of NiCl₂, Pb(NO₃)₂ and CuSO₄ was reduced with the raise of pH value irrespective to either dose used or the fungus tested whereas toxicity of CdCl₂ was enhanced. The raise of temperature than 20 °C induce the toxicity of all tested heavy metals. Increasing the concentrations of either peptone or yeast extract from 0.25 to 1.50 % reduce the toxicity of four tested heavy metals whatever the dose used.</p></div><div><p><em>Achlya racemosa</em>- und <em>Alatospora acuminata</em>-Kulturen wurden verschiedenen Konzentrationen von NiCl₂, CdCl₂, Pb(NO₃)₂ und CuSO₄ ausgesetzt. Das Myzeltrockengewicht beider Pilze verminderte sich bei Erhöhung der Schwermetallkonzentration. Die Toxizität dieser Schwermetalle wurde in Korrelation zu weiteren abiotischen Faktoren wie pH-Wert, Temperatur sowie der organischen Substanz (Pepton und Hefeextrakt) untersucht. Die Toxizität von NiCl₂, Pb(NO₃)₂ und CuSO₄ sank mit steigendem pH-Wert, während sich die Toxizität von CdCl₂ dabei erhöhte. Eine Temperaturerhöhung über 20 °C induzierte die Toxizität aller getesteter Schwermetalle. Eine Konzentrationserhöhung von Pepton oder Hefeextrakt von 0,25 auf 1,5 % reduzierte die Toxizität der 4 Schwermetalle, gleich in welcher Anwendungskonzentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Pages 535-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80217-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibitory effect of spice oils on lipase and mycotoxin production.","authors":"H A Hasan,&nbsp;A L Mahmoud","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Five spice oils were tested for their inhibitory activity towards the growth, respiration, lipase and mycotoxin productions by Aspergillus parasiticus var. globosus IMI 120920 and A. fumigatus. Cumin, onion, garlic and clove oils completely inhibited sterigmatocystin production. Cumin, onion and clove oils significantly suppressed aflatoxin production. Most of tested oils exhibited considerable inhibition on mycelial growth. Incorporation of these oils in basal medium suppressed lipase production with variable degrees. Onion oil was the most effective one. All spice oils significantly reduced or completely suppressed CO2 evolution of A. fumigatus, whereas CO2 evolution of A. parasiticus was slightly enhanced by these oils except with cumin and clove. Our results suggest that the use of spice oils may offer some advantage in the prevention of mycotoxin production.</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"543-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19290524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbicides Effects an Nodulation, Growth and Nitrogen Yield of Faba Bean Induced by Indigenous Rhizobium leguminosarum","authors":"M.H. Abd-Alla ,&nbsp;S.A. Omar","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80225-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80225-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of the herbicides brominal (Bromoxynil: 20% active ingredient, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyben-zonitrile) and Gramoxone (Paraquat: 24% active ingredient, 1,1-dimethyl-4,4-bipyridylium dichloride) on the growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of <em>Vicia faba</em> was studied in pots. The herbicides were applied at rates of recommended field dose as well as 2 and 3 fold-field dose to unsterilized clay soil. All doses of herbicides significantly reduced the plant growth (dry matter), nodulation, total nitrogen and carbohydrate contents of shoot and roots. Protein, leghaemoglobin and carbohydrate contents of cytosol and bacteroid fractions ware significantly inhibited when plant treated with 2 and 3-fold recommended field dose. The results suggest that both herbicides act directly to the plant and indirectly on the nodule content.</p></div><div><p>Die Wirkung der Herbizide Brominal (Bromoxynil mit 20% aktiver Substanz an 3,5-Dibrom-4-Hydroxybenzonitril) und Gramoxon (Paraquat mit 24 % aktiver Substanz an 1,1 Dimethyl-4,4-Bipyridilin-Dichlorid) auf Wachstum und symbiontische N-Bindung von <em>Vicia fabae</em> wurde in Gefäßen studiert. Die Herbizide wurden unsterilisiertem Tonboden in den Mengen zugesetzt, wie sie in „Felddosen“ verwendet werden, sowie in zwei- bzw. dreifacher Felddosis. Die Herbizide reduzierten in allen Zugabemengen signifikant das Pflanzenwachstum (Trockenmasse), die Knöllchenbildung, den gesamten N- und C-Gehalt der Schößlinge und Wurzeln. Der Protein-, Leghaemoglobin- und Kohlenhydratgehalt der Cytosol- und der Bacteroidfraktion wurde bei einer Behandlungsdosis von zwei- bis dreifacher Felddosis signifikant erniedrigt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß beide Herbizide direkt auf der Pflanze wirken, indirekt dann auf den Knöllchengehalt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Pages 593-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80225-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56543009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Gunther Müller","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80227-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80227-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Page 608"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80227-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"97251849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Requirements and Invertase Activity of Rhizobium Nodulating Sesbania sesban Roots","authors":"F.A. Helemish ,&nbsp;M.T. El Mokadem ,&nbsp;S.H. Abou Zekry","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80222-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80222-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon and nitrogen sources and pH range controlling growth of <em>Rhizobium sesbaniae</em> localy isolated from root nodules of <em>S. sesban</em> (L) Merrill were studied <em>in vitro</em>. Some factors affecting extracellular invertase activity of the bacterium were investigated. The isolated strain showed excellent growth on most of carbon sources tested, while it cannot grow on either starch or cellulose. The survey of nitrogen sources showed that uracil and phenyl alanine had a stimulatory effect, while ammonium chloride and adenine inhibited the growth of the bacterium. The minimum, optimum and maximum pH values affecting the growth of the isolate were 2, 8 and 10 respectively. The invertase activity of <em>R. sesbania</em> was optimum after six days of incubation, pH 7 and 15 g/l sucrose in growth culture.</p></div><div><p>Die Beeinflussung des Wachstums von <em>Rhizobium sesbaniae</em>-Isolaten aus Wurzelknöllchen von <em>Sesbania sesban</em> durch Kohlenstoff- und Stickstoffverbindungen sowie durch pH-Stufen wurde in vitro-Versuchen studiert. Eine Reihe von Faktoren beeinflussen die extrazelluläre Invertaseaktivität. Das Isolat zeigte ein ausgezeichnetes Wachstum auf vielen C-Quellen, kann aber nicht auf Stärke oder Cellulose wachsen. Bei Testung von N-Quellen hatten Uracil und Phenylalanin einen stimulierenden Effekt, während Ammoniumchlorid und Adenin das Wachsum hemmten. pH-Wert-Minimum, -Optimum und -Maximum lagen bei jeweils pH 5, 8 und 10. Die Invertaseaktivität von <em>R. sesbaniae</em> hatte ihr Optimum nach 6 Tagen Inkubation, pH 7 sowie bei einem Saccharosegehalt von 15 g/1 im Medium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Pages 582-587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80222-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mycoflora and Population Dynamics of Some Seedborne Fungi in Relation to the Fungicide Benlate","authors":"S.A. Ouf","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80221-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80221-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A total of 1478 and 1108 fungal isolates were associated to one gram seeds of <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> and <em>Rumex dentatus</em> respectively. The dominant genera were <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Penicillium</em> followed by <em>Paecilomyces, Rhizopus</em> and <em>Fusarium. Aspergillus niger, A. flavus</em> and <em>A. humicole</em>, were common on both seeds. <em>A. granulosus, Penicillium expansum</em> were restricted to <em>C. arvensis</em> seeds while <em>A. carbonarius</em> and <em>P. lanosum</em> were recovered only from <em>R. dentatus</em> seeds. The dynamic balance of some seedborne fungi fluctuates on soaking of either seeds in the fungicide Benlate, depending on the dose, soaking period and seed sample. The leachable substances which contain sugar, amino acids and phenolics are believed to have antifungicidal effect after prolonged soaking of the seeds in the fungicide. The germination of both seeds stimulated at the lower doses of the fungicide and the stimulation is more pronounced as the soaking period was extended. However, the higher doses were inhibitory to germination of both seeds.</p></div><div><p>Aus einem Gramm Samen von <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> und <em>Rumex dentatus</em> wurden jeweils 1478 bzw. 1108 Pilze isoliert. Die dominanten Gattungen waren Aspergillus und Penicilium, gefolgt von <em>Paecilomyces, Rhizopus</em> und <em>Fusarium. A. niger, A. flavus</em> und <em>A. humicola</em> waren auf den Samen am häufigsten, <em>A. granulosus, P. expansum</em> waren auf den Samen von <em>C. arvensis</em> schwächer vertreten, während <em>A. carbonarius</em> und <em>P. lanosum</em> nur von <em>R. dentatus</em>-Samen isoliert wurden. Beim Quellen der Samen zeigen die samenbürtigen Pilze eine Fluktuationsdynamik beim Einweichen mit Benlat, in Abhängigkeit von der Dosis, der Quellzeit und der Samenprobe. Die Quellsubstanzen, welche Zucker, Aminosäuren und Phenole enthalten, dürften einen antifungiziden Effekt bei längerer Quellzeit im Fungizid haben. Die Keimung der beiden Samenarten wurde bei niedrigen Dosen des Fungizids stimuliert und um so deutlicher, je länger die Einquellzeit der Samen mit dem Fungizid dauert. Höhere Fungiziddosen wirken jedoch hemmend auf die Samenkeimung.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Pages 570-581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80221-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucor thermophilus spec. nov. and other Mucorales from India.","authors":"R Prakash,&nbsp;A K Sarbhoy","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ninety-five isolates belonging to the order Mucorales were collected from the vicinity of Delhi. These were derived as pure sporulating forms from various substances viz., dung, soil and compost. In all, twenty-one different species of Absidia, Cunninghamella, Mucor and Rhizopus were identified with the help of available literature (Hesseltine and Ellis 1964, 1966, Inui et al. 1965, Schipper 1978, 1984, Baijal and Mehrotra 1980 and Schipper and Stalpers 1984). Out of these, five fungi were new to India. A new species of Mucor and Rhizopus microsporus var. pseudochinensis comb. nov. is described.</p>","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"531-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19291432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Name und Subject Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80229-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80229-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 8","pages":"Pages VI-VIII"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80229-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137311014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"H. Kreisel","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80197-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80197-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Page 486"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80197-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56542011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"G. Klappach","doi":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80195-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80195-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77473,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Mikrobiologie","volume":"148 7","pages":"Page 482"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0232-4393(11)80195-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"98088672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}