The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology最新文献_第6页

CS-dependent response probability in an auditory masked-detection task: considerations based on models of Pavlovian conditioning. 听觉掩蔽检测任务中cs依赖的反应概率:基于巴甫洛夫条件反射模型的考虑。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000052

Christine R Mason, Fabio Idrobo, Susan J Early, Ayome Abibi, Ling Zheng, J Michael Harrison, Laurel H Carney

{"title":"CS-dependent response probability in an auditory masked-detection task: considerations based on models of Pavlovian conditioning.","authors":"Christine R Mason, Fabio Idrobo, Susan J Early, Ayome Abibi, Ling Zheng, J Michael Harrison, Laurel H Carney","doi":"10.1080/02724990244000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000052","url":null,"abstract":"Experimental studies were performed using a Pavlovian-conditioned eyeblink response to measure detection of a variable-sound-level tone (T) in a fixed-sound-level masking noise (N) in rabbits. Results showed an increase in the asymptotic probability of conditioned responses (CRs) to the reinforced TN trials and a decrease in the asymptotic rate of eyeblink responses to the non-reinforced N presentations as a function of the sound level of the T. These observations are consistent with expected behaviour in an auditory masked detection task, but they are not consistent with predictions from a traditional application of the Rescorla-Wagner or Pearce models of associative learning. To implement these models, one typically considers only the actual stimuli and reinforcement on each trial. We found that by considering perceptual interactions and concepts from signal detection theory, these models could predict the CS dependence on the sound level of the T. In these alternative implementations, the animals response probabilities were used as a guide in making assumptions about the \"effective stimuli\".","PeriodicalId":77438,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology","volume":"56 2","pages":"193-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724990244000052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22423490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Latent inhibition of US signal value. US信号值的潜在抑制。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000106

Murray J Goddard

引用次数: 7

NMDA receptor activity and the transmission of sensory input into motor output in introverts and extraverts. 内向者和外向者的NMDA受体活性和感觉输入到运动输出的传递。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000098

Thomas H Rammsayer

{"title":"NMDA receptor activity and the transmission of sensory input into motor output in introverts and extraverts.","authors":"Thomas H Rammsayer","doi":"10.1080/02724990244000098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000098","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research suggests that individual differences in brain dopamine functioning may be related to the personality dimension of extraversion. The major goal of the present study was to answer the question of whether a pharmacologically induced change in glutamatergic NMDA receptor activity would also differentially affect the transmission of sensory input into motor out-put in introverts and extraverts. Therefore, in a double-blind within-subjects design, either 30 mg of the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine or placebo were administered to 48 healthy male volunteers before performing a choice reaction-time task. In introverts, memantine caused a pronounced increase in lift-off time (i.e., the time required to lift the finger from a home button) compared to that in extraverts, whereas movement time (i.e., the time required to move the finger from the home button to a response button) was decreased in both groups. The pattern of results suggests that extraversion-related differential sensitivity to pharmacologically induced changes in NMDA receptor activity is limited to functions that involve an interaction between the glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems.","PeriodicalId":77438,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology","volume":"56 2","pages":"207-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724990244000098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22423492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Context-sensitive elemental theory. 上下文敏感元素理论。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000133

Allan R Wagner

引用次数: 187

The interaction between discriminative stimuli and outcomes during instrumental learning. 辨别性刺激与器乐学习结果的相互作用。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000223

Anthony Dickinson, Sanne de Wit

引用次数: 27

Learning about cues in their absence: evidence from flavour preferences and aversions. 在没有线索的情况下学习线索:来自味道偏好和厌恶的证据。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000160

D M Dwyer

{"title":"Learning about cues in their absence: evidence from flavour preferences and aversions.","authors":"D M Dwyer","doi":"10.1080/02724990244000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000160","url":null,"abstract":"A simple behavioural task may involve the presentation of two or more stimuli. Any learning that takes place in such a situation may be analysed in terms of the formation of an association between the central representations of those stimuli. Presumably performance based on this learning can occur because presentation of one stimulus will then activate the representations of other stimuli that were previously presented with it. To examine the role that these representations play in learning in and of themselves requires that the stimuli themselves are absent. A review of a number of flavour preference and aversion studies indicates that an associatively activated stimulus representation can support learning that is both similar to and the opposite of that maintained by the presentation of the stimulus itself. Which occurs is dependent upon the nature of the reinforcer and the temporal relationships between the training events. Although this pattern of results appears suggestive of separate learning rules, a reanalysis raises the possibility of an explanation in terms of a single associative system.","PeriodicalId":77438,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology","volume":"56 1","pages":"56-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724990244000160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22277134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Acquisition of knowledge about spatial location: assessing the generality of the mechanism of learning. 空间位置知识的获取:评估学习机制的普遍性。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000205

V D Chamizo

引用次数: 88

Absence of overshadowing and blocking between landmarks and the geometric cues provided by the shape of a test arena. 地标和测试场地形状提供的几何线索之间没有阴影和遮挡。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000214

Andrew Hayward, Anthony McGregor, Mark A Good, John M Pearce

引用次数: 91

Associative learning and representation. An EPS workshop for N. J. Mackintosh, 9 July 2002. 联想学习与表征。2002年7月9日，为麦金托什举办的EPS研讨会。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000250

引用次数: 1

Palatability shifts in taste and flavour preference conditioning. 适口性在味觉和风味偏好条件下发生变化。

The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology Pub Date : 2003-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000232

Catherine A Forestell, Vincent M LoLordo

{"title":"Palatability shifts in taste and flavour preference conditioning.","authors":"Catherine A Forestell, Vincent M LoLordo","doi":"10.1080/02724990244000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000232","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in palatability of tastes and flavours as a result of flavour preference conditioning were examined. In Experiment 1, when tastes were paired with glucose in a reverse-order differential conditioning paradigm, rats acquired conditioned preferences for CS(+) and displayed more hedonic responses to CS(+) than to CS(-) in a postconditioning taste reactivity test. In Experiment 2, rats that received oral infusions of flavours as CSs during a reverse-order conditioning procedure expressed both palatability shifts and conditioned preferences for CS(+). Rats that received a forward conditioning procedure acquired a preference for CS(+), but the palatability of CS(+) was unchanged. In Experiment 3, hungry rats drank mixtures of a flavour CS and a calorific or sweet tasting reinforcer in a long-exposure conditioning paradigm. When tested hungry, rats preferred CS(+) whether they had acquired flavour-calorie or flavour-taste associations. However, CS(+) became more palatable only for rats that acquired flavour-calorie associations. These results suggest that acquisition of flavour preferences, as measured by 2-bottle tests, may not always be accompanied by enhanced palatability.","PeriodicalId":77438,"journal":{"name":"The Quarterly journal of experimental psychology. B, Comparative and physiological psychology","volume":"56 1","pages":"140-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/02724990244000232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"22277141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 65