AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-04-15eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025005
Khue Vu Nguyen
{"title":"Epigenetic modulation of human neurobiological disorders: Lesch-Nyhan disease as a model disorder.","authors":"Khue Vu Nguyen","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025005","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epigenetics is the study of how cells control gene activity without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes affect how genes are turned on and off or expressed, and thus help regulate how cells in different parts of the body use the same genetic code. Errors in the epigenetic process can not only lead to abnormal gene activity or inactivity, but can also influence alternative splicing (AS) and could cause human diseases. Understanding of how epigenetic defects can affect human health, especially for neurological disorders, could suggest targets for therapeutic interventions. For such a purpose, the Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) has been selected as a valuable model to study the genetic-epigenetic interplay, especially to explore the epistasis between the housekeeping hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) and β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes. This review is structured as follows: we begin with an overview about the monogenetic neurological disorders associated with epigenetic changes; next, the current knowledge on HPRT1 and APP genes is provided; then, the epistasis between HPRT1 and APP genes related to the neurobehavioral syndrome in LND is described; and finally, we present the construction of expression vectors to study intermolecular interactions between the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt) enzyme and APP in LND. Information obtained from such expression vectors would be useful for future directions to design therapies through epigenetic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 2","pages":"58-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-04-15eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025006
Nour Kenaan, Zuheir Alshehabi
{"title":"A review on recent advances in Alzheimer's disease: The role of synaptic plasticity.","authors":"Nour Kenaan, Zuheir Alshehabi","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025006","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's Disease (AD) remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and a decline in cognitive abilities such as memory and learning. Despite being the main cause of dementia worldwide, the precise mechanisms that underlie neuronal dysfunction and synaptic plasticity impairment in AD remain elusive. However, while genetic mutations, dietary factors, and immune dysregulation are implicated in AD pathogenesis, the current therapeutic approaches are largely centered around acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs). Nevertheless, this cholinergic hypothesis of AD is no longer satisfactory in describing this disease and has demonstrated a limited efficacy. Hence, new treatment approaches should be developed, and that requires us to view AD from a new perspective. Herein, in our review, we present the latest studies that discussed possible AD pathologies and pharmacotherapies. Additionally, we highlight that the emerging treatments that precisely targets brain regions associated with enhancing neuroplasticity have delivered promising results and seem to be more effective than older treatments. Finally, by viewing AD as a complex interplay of various factors that ultimately cause synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline, we can develop more effective therapeutic interventions and ultimately alleviate the significant burden of this debilitating disease for both patients and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 2","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12287638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-03-31eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025004
Zohaer Muttalib, Dana Aboukhalil, Chisom Nwosu, Dave D Manguerra, Jimmy Wen, Ubaid Ansari, Meraj Alam, Ihab Abed, Ethan Tabaie, Ahmed Salem, Forshing Lui
{"title":"Gluten and its relationship with inflammation and Parkinson's Disease: A literature review.","authors":"Zohaer Muttalib, Dana Aboukhalil, Chisom Nwosu, Dave D Manguerra, Jimmy Wen, Ubaid Ansari, Meraj Alam, Ihab Abed, Ethan Tabaie, Ahmed Salem, Forshing Lui","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2025004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative central nervous system (CNS) disease that primarily affects the dopaminergic cells of the Substantia Nigra in the midbrain and causes a diverse array of symptoms, including dystonia, a loss of balance, difficulty initiating movements, akinesia, muscle spasms, and tremors. It has long been known that environmental and commercial compounds are linked to an increased risk of Parkinson's Disease. Of importance, gluten, a complex polysaccharide, has been hypothesized to cause some of the symptoms related to Parkinson's Disease. It is hypothesized that gluten causes a chronic inflammatory state which may lead to plaque formation and neuronal cell death in the substantia nigra, alongside the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease. This literature review hopes to explore the relationship gluten has as an inflammatory molecule and its role in the production and prolongation of the disease processes in Parkinson's Disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"44-57"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011982/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143961298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-03-12eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025003
Scott Mendoza
{"title":"The role of tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in metabolic disorders: A promising cannabinoid for diabetes and weight management.","authors":"Scott Mendoza","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2025003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disorders of the metabolism, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, represent significant global health challenges due to their rising prevalence and associated complications. Despite existing therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatments, and surgical options, limitations such as poor adherence, side effects, and accessibility issues call attention to the need for novel solutions. Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid derived from <i>Cannabis sativa</i>, has emerged as a promising agent to manage metabolic disorders. Unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), THCV exhibits an antagonistic function on the CB1 receptor and a partial agonist function on the CB2 receptor, thus enabling appetite suppression, enhanced glucose regulation, and increased energy expenditure. Preclinical studies demonstrated that THCV improves insulin sensitivity, promotes glucose uptake, and restores insulin signaling in metabolic tissues. Additionally, THCV reduces lipid accumulation and improves the mitochondrial activity in adipocytes and hepatocytes, shown through both cell-based and animal research. Animal models further revealed THCV's potential to suppress appetite, prevent hepatosteatosis, and improve metabolic homeostasis. Preliminary human trials support these findings, thereby showing that THCV may modulate appetite and glycemic control, though larger-scale studies are necessary to confirm its clinical efficacy and safety. THCV's unique pharmacological profile positions it as a possible therapeutic candidate to address the multifaceted challenges of obesity and diabetes. Continued research should concentrate on optimizing formulations, undertaking well-designed clinical studies, and addressing regulatory hurdles to unlock its full potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"32-43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-02-21eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025002
Mi Zhang, Junjie Ren, Ni Li, Yongyi Li, Linxi Yang, Wenzhuo Wei, Juan Qiu, Xiaochu Zhang, Xiaoming Li
{"title":"Hypnosis efficacy on nicotine addiction: An analysis of EEG microstates and brain oscillation entropy.","authors":"Mi Zhang, Junjie Ren, Ni Li, Yongyi Li, Linxi Yang, Wenzhuo Wei, Juan Qiu, Xiaochu Zhang, Xiaoming Li","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2025002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite hypnosis showing efficacy in treating nicotine dependence, its neurobiological impacts on a smokers' brain function remain underexplored. Thirty-three smokers underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recording during pre- and post-hypnosis sessions, each 8 minutes long, alongside Tobacco Craving Questionnaire (TCQ) assessments. Four distinct EEG microstate classes (A, B, C, D) were identified. Daily cigarette consumption negatively correlated with the microstate A duration (r = -0.39, P = 0.03). Hypnosis increased the microstate A parameters while decreasing those of microstate B. Reduced microstate B parameters positively correlated with lower TCQ scores (r = 0.46, P = 0.02). Post-hypnosis, there was a decreased variability and sample entropy in low-frequency theta-band signals, indicating a shift towards more ordered theta oscillations. This shift was inversely related to the microstate D parameters and positively correlated with the microstate C occurrences. Dynamic changes in the brain microstates and theta oscillations elucidate the neurological mechanisms underlying hypnotherapy's effectiveness in treating smoking addiction. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which hypnosis influences brain function and offer potential biomarkers for the treatment of smoking addiction, thus deepening our understanding of therapeutic approaches for substance use disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"15-31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2025-02-11eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2025001
Jad El Choueiri, Leonardo Di Cosmo, Francesca Pellicanò, Francesca Romana Centini
{"title":"Dissecting the Circle of Willis-Migraine connection: A review.","authors":"Jad El Choueiri, Leonardo Di Cosmo, Francesca Pellicanò, Francesca Romana Centini","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2025001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2025001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis (CoW) may mediate the prevalence of migraines with aura (MWA) and without aura (MWoA) in patients. The aim of this review is to describe and evaluate contrasting studies to clarify the current understanding of this association within the literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library resulted in 10 relevant studies that met our selection criteria and examined the association between the CoW and migraine prevalence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Conflicting results were reported across the prospective and retrospective studies, which varied among different populations and the inclusion classification of CoW variants. Studies that evaluated posterior CoW variations repeatedly reported differential associations between migraines with aura (MWA) and without aura (MWoA), thus revealing a significant association only with the former. Two mechanisms of actions were hypothesized to be attributed to such associations; one hypothesized a resultant cerebral hypovascularization, whilst the other emphasized the role of shear stress in associated small arteries.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>While some studies reported significant associations between specific CoW variations and migraines, particularly with the posterior CoW variations and MWA, conflicting evidence emphasizes the necessity for further investigations to provide a greater understanding between CoW variations and different migraine subtypes. A consensus calls for future studies to include larger samples over various ethnic populations to overcome the biases encountered within the current field of literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2024-12-30eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024032
Ubaid Ansari, Alexi Omid, Dawnica Nadora, Jimmy Wen, Arman Omid, Forshing Lui
{"title":"Outcomes of dietary interventions in the prevention and progression of Parkinson's disease: A literature review.","authors":"Ubaid Ansari, Alexi Omid, Dawnica Nadora, Jimmy Wen, Arman Omid, Forshing Lui","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024032","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, primarily due to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Factors contributing to this neuronal degeneration include mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal excitotoxicity. Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of PD remains unclear, with both genetic and environmental factors playing significant roles. Given the increasing prevalence of PD, particularly in aging populations, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Emerging research suggests that dietary interventions might offer promising approaches to managing PD progression. This literature review examines various dietary interventions that differ in their composition and mechanisms of action, including the Mediterranean, vegan, carnivore, paleo, and ketogenic diets, and their potential neuroprotective effects. By evaluating the current evidence, this review aims to identify dietary strategies that may improve the quality of life for individuals with PD. Additionally, it explores the underlying mechanisms through which diet may influence PD pathophysiology, thus providing insights into how nutritional modifications can be integrated into holistic management plans for the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"11 4","pages":"520-532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712231/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2024-12-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024031
Ubaid Ansari, Jimmy Wen, Burhaan Syed, Dawnica Nadora, Romteen Sedighi, Denise Nadora, Vincent Chen, Forshing Lui
{"title":"Analyzing the potential of neuronal pentraxin 2 as a biomarker in neurological disorders: A literature review.","authors":"Ubaid Ansari, Jimmy Wen, Burhaan Syed, Dawnica Nadora, Romteen Sedighi, Denise Nadora, Vincent Chen, Forshing Lui","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024031","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuronal pentraxin 2 (NP2) plays a significant role in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and excitatory synapse regulation. Emerging research suggests that NP2 is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neuropathies. This literature review extensively analyzes NP2's role in these conditions, thereby highlighting its contributions to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neurotoxic protein aggregation. In Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, NP2 is linked to amyloid-beta aggregation and dopaminergic neuron degeneration, respectively. Additionally, altered NP2 expression is observed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, thus suggesting its involvement in synaptic dysfunction and neurotransmitter imbalance. In neuropathic pain and epilepsy, NP2 modulates the synaptic plasticity and inflammatory responses, with altered levels correlating with disease severity. Furthermore, NP2's involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) emphasizes its broad impact on neuronal health. Understanding NP2's multifaceted roles may reveal novel therapeutic targets and improve the clinical outcomes for these neurological disorders. Though the precise role of NP2 remains uncertain, its clinical potential and initial findings justify further investigations into neuronal pentraxins and other related neuroproteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"11 4","pages":"505-519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2024-12-12eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024030
Francesco Ciaramella, Lorenzo Cipriano, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez, Arianna Polverino, Fabio Lucidi, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Laura Mandolesi, Pierpaolo Sorrentino
{"title":"Brain dynamics and personality: a preliminary study.","authors":"Francesco Ciaramella, Lorenzo Cipriano, Emahnuel Troisi Lopez, Arianna Polverino, Fabio Lucidi, Giuseppe Sorrentino, Laura Mandolesi, Pierpaolo Sorrentino","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024030","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality can be considered a system characterized by complex dynamics that are extremely adaptive depending on continuous interactions with the environment and situations. The present preliminary study explores the dynamic interplay between brain flexibility and personality by taking the dynamic approach to personality into account, thereby drawing from Cloninger's psychobiological model. 46 healthy individuals were recruited, and their brain dynamics were assessed using magnetoencephalography (MEG) during the resting state. We identified brain activation patterns and measured brain flexibility by employing the theory of neuronal avalanches. Subsequent correlation analyses revealed a significant positive association between brain flexibility and cooperativeness, thus highlighting the role of brain reconfiguration tendencies in fostering openness, tolerance, and empathy towards others. Additionally, this preliminary finding suggests a neurobiological basis for adaptive social behaviors. Although the results are preliminary, this study provides initial insights into the intricate relationship between brain dynamics and personality, thus laying the groundwork for further research in this emerging field using a dynamic network analysis of the functional activity of the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"11 4","pages":"490-504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712230/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AIMS NeurosciencePub Date : 2024-11-27eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024029
Mark Reed, Christopher Miller, Cortney Connor, Jason S Chang, Forshing Lui
{"title":"Fat droplets in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain.","authors":"Mark Reed, Christopher Miller, Cortney Connor, Jason S Chang, Forshing Lui","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024029","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2024029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is rare to find free floating fat droplets in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) spaces of the brain. When fat droplets are seen in the CSF spaces, the most common cause is the rupture of a dermoid cyst. Dermoid cysts are congenital inclusion cysts that form during the neural tube closure between the third and fifth weeks of embryogenesis. In this case report, we describe a case of a 74-year-old, right-handed female who presented with an acute onset of visual disturbances and left-hand numbness. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed hypodense \"lesions\" in the lateral ventricles and basal cisterns. The CT Hounsfield unit was between -41 to -83 Hounsfield Units, which is compatible with fat rather than air. The T1 weighted and FLAIR MRI showed hyperintense lesions \"floating\" on top of the CSF in the lateral ventricles, which is typical for fat droplets, presumably caused by a ruptured dermoid cyst. This case emphasizes the importance of analyzing Hounsfield Units to distinguish lesions by density, where fat ranges from -50 to -150 Hounsfield Units and air is -1000 Hounsfield Units. Pneumocephalus is the presence of air in the epidural, subdural, or subarachnoid space and can cause confusion, nausea, seizures and focal neurological symptoms. A careful analysis of the neuroimaging findings in the CT with or without MRI is important in making a correct diagnosis of a ruptured dermoid cyst versus pneumocephalus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"11 4","pages":"484-489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11712232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}