AIMS Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of mortality and long-term functional outcomes after decompressive craniectomy for acquired brain injury: The missing rehabilitation reporting.","authors":"Davide Giannuzzi, Claudia Lombardo, Pierluigi Contaldi, Maria Caputo, Francesco Pambianco, Gianpaolo Ronconi, Francesco Signorelli, Francesco Doglietto, Augusto Fusco","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a surgical procedure for refractory intracranial hypertension following severe acquired brain injury (sABI) and is an effective, life-saving treatment. However, there is significant controversy regarding its impact on long-term functional outcome. Furthermore, the role of postoperative rehabilitation in shaping recovery after DC has been largely overlooked in the literature.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically review randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the long-term functional outcomes of DC in patients with sABI, stratified by underlying etiology, with particular attention to the assessment tools employed, their alignment with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, and the reporting of post-operative rehabilitation data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed and Scopus for all RCTs related to DC published between 2000 and 2024. Eligible studies included adults (≥18 years) who underwent DC for acute brain injury and reported at least one functional outcome measure (GOS-E, mRS, GOS, or Barthel Index). Outcomes were dichotomized into favorable and unfavorable categories. A narrative summary was performed because of the substantial clinical and methodological heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 16 RCTs (1803 participants) in our analysis. The etiologies included traumatic brain injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, acute subdural hematoma, and malignant cerebral infarction. DC was associated with lower overall mortality compared to those not receiving it (24% vs. 31%). However, in 8 RCTS, a higher proportion of patients with DC had unfavorable functional outcomes. All outcome scales mapped exclusively to the ICF domain of \"Activities and Participation\", while any assessment of cognitive function, emotional well-being, social participation, or quality of life was reported. Rehabilitation was largely unmeasured rather than necessarily absent: Only one study reported any rehabilitation data, limited to the number of patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation. Most RCTs reported outcomes at 6 months or before; only one RCT extended the follow-up period to 24 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DC is an effective, life-saving procedure that reduces mortality and has an etiology-dependent effect on functional outcomes. Available functional outcome measures do not adequately capture the multifaceted nature of recovery following severe brain injury. Crucially, the post-DC rehabilitation trajectory is not captured by current trials; this argues for the routine, prospective collection of rehabilitation data in future RCTs to determine the contribution of postoperative rehabilitation to long-term functional recovery rather than against the use of a life-saving procedure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"510-529"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic GIRK2 disruption in the weaver mouse selectively alters hippocampal excitability without affecting sharp wave-ripple dynamics.","authors":"Giota Tsotsokou, Vasiliki Sarantopoulou, Costas Papatheodoropoulos","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sharp wave-ripple complexes (SWRs) are intrinsic hippocampal network patterns fundamentally involved in memory processing and are sensitive to changes in excitation-inhibition balance. G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels regulate neuronal excitability, but their role in shaping SWR dynamics at the network level remains incompletely understood. The weaver mutation (Kcnj6^wv/wv) disrupts the GIRK2 channel's function and provides a model of chronic GIRK alteration. Here, we examined how the weaver mutation affects SWR dynamics along the dorsoventral hippocampal axis and whether these effects resemble those of acute GIRK blockade. Extracellular local field potentials and multiunit activity (MUA) were recorded from dorsal and ventral hippocampal slices of wild-type (WT) and weaver mice. SWR incidence, amplitude, ripple properties, and SWR-associated firing were quantified. The effects of the GIRK blocker tertiapin-Q were also assessed. SWR occurrence was strongly determined by dorsoventral location, with higher event rates in the ventral hippocampus, and was not affected by genotype. Similarly, SWR amplitude was region-dependent and preserved in weaver mice. Ripple oscillation properties were largely preserved, with no consistent genotype-dependent differences. In contrast, baseline neuronal activity (MUA-Base) was significantly increased in weaver mice, indicating enhanced intrinsic excitability, whereas SWR-associated firing (MUA-SWR) showed a tendency toward reduction. Acute GIRK blockade with tertiapin-Q did not significantly alter SWR parameters in either genotype, nor did it interact with genotype effects. Together, these findings indicate that chronic GIRK disruption produces selective alterations in the hippocampal network's function that are not mimicked by acute pharmacological inhibition of these channels. While the basic features of SWR generation are preserved, increased baseline excitability and altered neuronal recruitment suggest circuit-level adaptations that reshape hippocampal dynamics beyond direct GIRK channel effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"530-549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase-specific alpha tACS over the dlPFC does not enhance cognitive reappraisal or autonomic responses: A sham-controlled crossover study.","authors":"Catarina Gomes Coelho, Jorge Leite, Gabriela Gonzaga, Paulo Machado, Sandra Carvalho","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cognitive reappraisal (CR) relies on prefrontal top-down control over limbic systems, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) playing a central regulatory role. Alpha-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation (α-tACS) can modulate cortical oscillations; yet, its causal contribution to emotion regulation (ER) remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this study, we investigated whether in-phase or anti-phase alpha-tACS influenced subjective and physiological responses during cognitive reappraisal of negative emotional stimuli.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two healthy young adults completed three counterbalanced sessions (in-phase, anti-phase, sham) in a single-blind, sham-controlled crossover design. During α-tACS or sham, participants applied three CR strategies (positive, fictional, distancing) while viewing negative and neutral film clips. Valence, arousal, heart rate (HR), skin conductance (SC), respiratory rate (RR), and pre/post-session affect (PANAS) were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Emotional Movie Database (EMDB) emotional stimuli elicited the expected subjective and autonomic responses, confirming that the task engaged emotional-reactivity processes. Participants also showed a typical habituation pattern in physiological measures across blocks. However, neither in-phase nor anti-phase alpha-tACS was associated with measurable changes in subjective emotional ratings or autonomic responses relative to sham under the experimental conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides the first evaluation of phase-specific alpha-tACS during cognitive reappraisal using film-based stimuli. Under the experimental conditions, no measurable effects of in-phase or anti-phase stimulation on subjective or autonomic measures of ER were observed. Future studies incorporating individualized stimulation frequencies, multi-session protocols, closed-loop stimulation, and concurrent electrophysiological recordings may help clarify the conditions under which phase-specific tACS influences ER.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"483-509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensive sequential tDCS-rTMS over left DLPFC for biperiden dependence: A case report.","authors":"Antonio Romeo, Antonio Bruno, Maria Rosaria Anna Muscatello, Fabrizio Turiaco","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anticholinergic misuse is an underrecognized form of substance use disorder that can be difficult to treat. Noninvasive neuromodulation targeting prefrontal control networks has shown promise across substance use disorders but has not been described for biperiden dependence.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary clinical outcomes of a brief, intensive combined neuromodulation protocol; sequential anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) followed by high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (lDLPFC) in a single patient with refractory intramuscular biperiden dependence.</p><p><strong>Case and methods: </strong>A 38-year-old man with schizoaffective disorder and borderline personality disorder self-administered up to 15 mg/day of intramuscular biperiden. He underwent an intensive course of neuromodulation consisting of two daily sessions (separated by a 20 minute break) for five consecutive days; each session comprised anodal tDCS to the lDLPFC (1.5 mA; 20 min 6 s) immediately followed by high frequency rTMS to the lDLPFC (15 Hz; 2400 pulses/session; 100% motor threshold). Addictive behavior was assessed with the Addictive Behavior Questionnaire (ABQ, 7DAS subscale) at baseline (T0), end of treatment (T1), and one month follow up (T2); daily vial consumption was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 7DAS score decreased from 51 at T0 to 38 at T1, with a partial rebound to 46 at T2. Reported vial consumption fell from ≈3/day at baseline to 0/day by the end of treatment and remained between 0 and 1/day at one month. The intervention was well tolerated; only transient scalp discomfort and mild, short lived headaches were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this single case, a brief intensive sequential tDCS→rTMS protocol was feasible, well tolerated, and temporally associated with rapid reduction in biperiden use and improvement in addictive behavior scores. Findings are preliminary and hypothesis generating; controlled studies with objective toxicology, standardized stimulation parameters, and longer follow up are needed to evaluate efficacy, mechanisms, and durability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"476-482"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized hybrid Transformer-based model for EEG classification: application to wheelchair control.","authors":"Lassaad Zaway, Intissar Zaway, Jalel Ktari, Nader Ben Amor, Laurent Delahoche, Larbi Chrifi Alaoui, Mohamed Jallouli","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to improve the classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for motor imagery-based brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs), thus enabling more reliable user interactions in assistive technologies such as autonomous wheelchairs. The study contributes by systematically investigating and comparing the performance of both simple (Transformer, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)) and hybrid deep learning architectures (Transformer + CNN, Transformer + LSTM, CNN + LSTM) for EEG signal classification using multiple evaluation metrics, including accuracy, ROC AUC, confusion matrices, and prediction time. The findings demonstrate that the Transformer + CNN hybrid model consistently outperforms all other architectures, thereby achieving perfect classification accuracy (1.00), zero misclassifications, flawless AUC scores (1.000), and a competitive inference time (1.17 s), thus making it highly suitable for real-time MI-BCI applications. In contrast, simple models, particularly LSTM, show lower accuracies and reduced stabilities. Overall, this study highlights the advantage of combining attention mechanisms and convolutional architectures to effectively capture both spatial and contextual patterns in nonstationary EEG signals, thus establishing Transformer-based hybrid models as a promising approach for robust, real-time EEG classifications in next-generation MI-BCI systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"452-475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of immersive virtual reality and transcranial direct current stimulation over the parietal cortex on motor response.","authors":"Olívia Morgan Lapenta, Rafael de Albuquerque Lima, Gabriela do Amparo Nogueira, Sabrina Baron, Paulo Sérgio Boggio, Marília Lira da Silveira Coelho","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immersive virtual reality (IVR) provides interactive and engaging environments to stimulate motor learning and neuroplasticity. Combining IVR with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may further enhance these effects by modulating activity in targeted brain areas. We investigated the effects of a 5-day IVR game-training (Beat Saber game for PS4) alone or combined with sham or anodal tDCS over the left posterior parietal cortex, a key structure for visuospatial processing and motor coordination. Seventy-four healthy participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: IVR alone, IVR + anodal tDCS, or IVR + sham tDCS. Participants performed a battery of motor tasks requiring hand-eye coordination (Box and Blocks, Ruler Drop, Trail Making part A, and Plate Tapping tests) before and after training on days 1 and 5 to assess motor performance and transfer effects. Results showed progressive improvements in game performance from day 1 to 4 and significant motor transfer effects across all tasks, regardless of stimulation condition. tDCS did not further enhance motor outcomes, suggesting potential limitations related to stimulation site and/or parameters. Our findings highlight IVR's potential for motor skill development, contributing to the growing body of evidence supporting its use as a versatile and accessible tool for motor learning, research, and rehabilitation. While tDCS did not enhance outcomes in this context, future research should explore alternative protocols to optimize its efficacy in IVR motor training.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"431-451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical neurological and balance abnormalities in late-onset auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) as a part of multisystem neurological presentation.","authors":"Prashasti P Poovaiah, Atchayaram Nalini, Seena Vengalil, Suman Narayaswamy, Yamini Belur Keshavaprasad, Aravind Kumar Rajasekaran, Pradeep Yuvraj","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is primarily considered a hearing disorder, with balance issues rarely reported. Although some studies have investigated vestibular abnormalities in ANSD in addition to auditory deficits, the neurological aspects have largely been overlooked. Subtle balance deficits in individuals with ANSD often go unnoticed, which has resulted in limited research in this area. The present study aims to describe a comprehensive battery of neurological and audio-vestibular tests in individuals with acquired ANSD who reported balance-related complaints but did not have a prior diagnosis of a neurological disorder, thus representing clinically under-recognized deficit. Fourteen patients with ANSD underwent a series of clinical assessments, including auditory brainstem response (ABR), cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), the video head impulse test (vHIT), motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), hematological investigations, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All patients were Romberg-positive and showed an impaired tandem gait, despite largely preserved cranial nerves and motor examination findings on routine clinical testing. Auditory assessments revealed varying degrees of hearing loss, absent ABRs, and abnormal VEMPs and vHIT results, while MRI findings were unremarkable. Motor nerve conduction was normal in most patients; however, a few individuals exhibited reduced or absent sensory nerve potentials. In addition, SSEP latencies were abnormal in nine patients. The absence of VEMPs and abnormal vHIT findings suggest an underlying vestibulopathy, whereas nerve conduction and SSEP abnormalities indicate a possible somatosensory deficit in ANSD. These preliminary findings underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the evaluation of balance deficits in ANSD, an area in which evidence remains scarce.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"415-430"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive investigation into EEG spectral analysis for ADHD brain dominance.","authors":"Vandana Joshi, Nirali Nanavati","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2026017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that significantly impacts the cognitive functions and behaviour of individuals. It is characterized by abnormal brain lateralization in key brain regions linked to attention and cognitive control. This study aimed to explore and analyze the brainwave patterns linked to left and right brain dominance in ADHD, ADHD subtype, and control group using electroencephalography (EEG) spectral features, which have not been investigated in prior studies. Our study examined variations in alpha, beta, theta, and other frequency bands between the brain's left and right hemispheres, employing methodologies like EEG recordings with topographical views and statistical tests. The Asymmetric Index findings suggest a differential power spectrum density (PSD) pattern in ADHD subjects, with a higher average PSD in the right brain (RB) during working states and in the left brain (LB) during resting states. In addition, our corroborative study also uncovered that in ADHD subjects, theta and alpha waves are more dominant in the left hemispheric region, irrespective of the task state, and theta waves are notably prominent in the frontal region. The results of our novel study, supported by statistical analyses and topographical views, not only enhance our understanding of ADHD but also open avenues for more targeted and effective approaches in diagnosing and understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD and its subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 3","pages":"389-414"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658093/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An energy-gradient theory of embedded predictions in the brain.","authors":"Kuzma Strelnikov","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026016","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activity gradients measured with neuroimaging play a fundamental role in brain function, yet their relationship to the brain's internal predictive models during rest remains poorly understood. Clarifying this relationship can reveal how the brain processes information efficiently and adapts to a changing environment. Here, I discussed how energy flows may give rise to gradients of activity between voxels and to spatial coding in fMRI, and I described computational algorithms that can be applied directly to brain-activity images. I proposed that the brain continuously maintains and updates predictions about its environment through internal models, and that these models are embedded in the dynamic activity flows observed at rest and during cognitive tasks. This perspective emphasizes the role of energy turnover in supporting cognition: Neural circuits reflect predictions and adjustments shaped by past experience. I argue that the interplay between predictive processing and energy dynamics offers a richer account of cognitive mechanisms and points to new research directions in psychology and physiology. Together, these insights underscore the importance of energetic principles in brain physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 2","pages":"371-388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutting-edge transformer-based deep learning for Parkinson's disease diagnosing using multimodal hand-drawing and handwriting analysis.","authors":"Theyazn H H Aldhyani","doi":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026015","DOIUrl":"10.3934/Neuroscience.2026015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a significant mental health condition, and patients greatly benefit from prompt diagnosis and treatment if the disease is identified early. One powerful method for diagnosing PD at an early stage is the analysis of hand-drawing and handwriting samples from individuals with PD. The novelty of this research lies in developing a handwriting and hand-drawing Parkinson's Disease (HwdPD) framework for detecting PD. This framework utilizes hand-drawing and Arabic handwriting samples, which have been observed to be effective in detecting PD. Based on VGG19 and transformer, the proposed framework was tested using a real standard dataset containing 63 hand-drawn images, namely spiral, wave, and ellipse samples, with 30 samples from PD and 33 from healthy patients. The dataset also contains Arabic handwriting samples, namely \"eight\" and hello (\"لو\"). These images were processed by using augmentation to enhance the performance of the HwdPD framework. This enhancement of the image area was fed to the classification algorithm (transformer ViT-B16 and VGG19). ViT-B16 scored high accuracy, with 100% in spiral, wave, and ellipse images. In handwriting samples (\"eight\"), the system successfully achieved a high percentage of 100%. This system emphasizes the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy and assist clinical decision-making by evaluating its performance on these datasets. The HwdPD framework demonstrates potential for identifying PD biomarkers, which may lead to improved diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7732,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Neuroscience","volume":"13 2","pages":"342-370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}