American journal of translational research最新文献

{"title":"Use of ultrasound-guided anterior lumbar plexus block combined with rapid sacral plexus block and laryngeal mask general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.","authors":"Zhen Fang, Mengsi Li, Ting Jiang, Yan Zhao, Lu Chang","doi":"10.62347/PADU2071","DOIUrl":"10.62347/PADU2071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the effects of ultrasound-guided anterior lumbar plexus block combined with rapid sacral plexus block and laryngeal mask general anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study involved 84 elderly patients, divided into two groups based on anesthesia method: control group (n=40) and observation group (n=44). Hemodynamics, including mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) were compared between the two groups before anesthesia (T0), after induction of anesthesia (T1), immediately after skin incision (T2), and immediately after the end of surgery (T3). Preoperative and postoperative (1 day after surgery) levels of cortisol, blood glucose, norepinephrine, and adrenaline were compared between the two groups. Postoperative recovery time, laryngeal mask removal time, observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) score, and incidence of postoperative complications were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From T1-T3, the MAP, HR, and SpO₂ were significantly higher in the observation group than those of the control group (all <i>P</i><0.05). The anesthetic effect in the observation group was better than that of the control group (<i>P</i><0.05). At 1d after surgery, levels of cortisol, blood glucose, norepinephrine, and adrenaline increased in both groups, but they were lower in the observation groups than in the control group. The OAA/S score was lower in the observation group, and both postoperative recovery time and laryngeal mask removal time were shorter than those of the control group (all <i>P</i><0.05). Patients were further categorized into an orthostatic intolerance (OI) group (n=38) and a non-OI group (n=46) after THA. Factors influencing OI in elderly patients included BMI, decreased hemoglobin levels, and MFES score.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ultrasound-guided anterior lumbar plexus block combined with rapid sacral plexus block and laryngeal mask general anesthesia provides a superior anesthesia effect and reduces postoperative complications in elderly patients undergoing THA.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"3189-3197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in optical and pharmacological strategies for myopia correction in children.","authors":"Mengyao Xu, Fengju Zhang","doi":"10.62347/GZUA2622","DOIUrl":"10.62347/GZUA2622","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopia in children has become a global public health concern due to its increasing prevalence and potential long-term complications. Optical interventions, including single-vision lenses (SVL), bifocal/progressive addition lenses (PALs), peripheral defocus-incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) glasses, and orthokeratology (OK) lenses have shown varying success in slowing progression, though long-term safety and efficacy remain under investigation. Pharmacological treatments, including low-dose atropine (0.01%), pirenzepine, apomorphine, and 7-methylxanthine (7-MX), offer additional options. Low-dose atropine is the most effective, significantly reducing myopia progression with minimal side effects. Pirenzepine, though promising in animal models, faces challenges due to poor corneal permeability. Apomorphine shows potential but requires further clinical testing. 7-MX has demonstrated dose-dependent effects in slowing progression, yet its efficacy needs validation in broader populations. Emerging therapies like low-level red-light therapy (LLRT) and Diffusion Optics Technology (DOT) lenses also show promise, reducing axial elongation and refractive progression. However, their long-term safety and mechanisms remain unclear. In conclusion, while several interventions show potential, further long-term studies and personalized treatment strategies are needed to optimize outcomes. Future research should focus on new drug targets, technologies, and global collaboration to address the myopia crisis in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2422-2433"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between elevated maternal serum MSX1 and IRF6 levels and fetal orofacial clefts: implications for clinical prediction.","authors":"Juan Cao, Bailei Zhang, An'er Chen","doi":"10.62347/ZDZC2364","DOIUrl":"10.62347/ZDZC2364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the association between maternal serum expression levels of Msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) and interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) and fetal cleft lip and palate (CLP), as well as their potential role in clinical prediction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective case-control study was conducted. A total of 100 pregnant women carrying fetuses diagnosed with CLP via prenatal screening and diagnosis at The Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University from July 2021 to June 2024 (CLP group) and 105 pregnant women with healthy fetuses (normal group) were selected as the research subjects. Clinical data and relative expression levels of MSX1 and IRF6 were collected. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of fetal CLP. A Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) model was developed using R language 4.4.1 software to predict fetal CLP and evaluate its predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum levels of MSX1 and IRF6 in the CLP group were higher than those in the normal group (t = 6.536, 9.907; both P < 0.001). Independent influencing factors for fetal CLP included maternal age, family history of CLP, malnutrition during pregnancy, and expression of MSX1 and IRF6. A GBM model was constructed based on these factors, with their relative importance ranked as follows: IRF6 > MSX1 > family history of CLP > maternal malnutrition > age. In the training set, the GBM model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.849, 0.948), with a sensitivity of 79.2% and specificity of 88.7%. In the validation set, the AUC was 0.895 (95% CI: 0.818, 0.973), with sensitivity of 85.7% and the specificity of 82.4%. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted and actual probabilities. Decision curve analysis showed a threshold probability range of 0.30-0.72 in the training set and 0.30-0.73 in the validation set.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Elevated maternal serum MSX1 and IRF6 expression levels are closely associated with fetal CLP and may serve as potential biomarkers for its clinical prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2541-2551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082563/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound as complementary methods for assessing organ and peripheral tissue perfusion in veno-arterial-ECMO patients.","authors":"Li Zhang, Juan Wu, Xueli Ji, Xufeng Chen, Yong Mei, Xihua Huang","doi":"10.62347/UQYS8766","DOIUrl":"10.62347/UQYS8766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is vital for stabilizing patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary failure. Effective management requires precise monitoring of organ perfusion and systemic physiologic status. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and ultrasound (US) are emerging as key methods of assessment, but their combined utility remains underexplored in VA-ECMO patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 267 patients who received VA-ECMO between June 2018 and July 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on weaning success, defined as survival for more than 48 hours post-weaning with improved cardiac function. Weaning trials involved incremental reductions in VA-ECMO flow, monitored by mean arterial pressure and other clinical measurements. Data including demographics, clinical scores [Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA)], blood gas indicators, and NIRS and US metrics were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO₂) dynamics and echocardiographic parameters between the groups. The successful group demonstrated higher maximal ΔrSO₂ (29.57% ± 13.77) than the failure group (25.86% ± 6.39, <i>P</i> = 0.003) and a lower minimal rSO₂ (40.67% ± 15.87 vs. 43.9% ± 4.27, <i>P</i> = 0.010). Post-ECMO, the successful group exhibited a higher cardiac index (CI, 2.47 L/min/m² ± 0.74) compared to the failure group (2.26 L/min/m² ± 0.61, <i>P</i> = 0.018). Pre-weaning, the successful group displayed lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, 32.06% ± 4.64) versus the failure group (34.55% ± 8.45, <i>P</i> = 0.016), yet post-weaning, it was higher (33.46% ± 4.85) than in the failure group (31.28% ± 7.37, <i>P</i> = 0.017). Additionally, the left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral (LVOT-VTI) pre-weaning was significantly lower in the successful group (14.95 cm ± 2.98) compared to the failure group (17.35 cm ± 7.22, <i>P</i> = 0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NIRS and US were found to beconsistent and complementary modalities for assessing perfusion and cardiac function in VA-ECMO patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2629-2641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia on postal delirium and risk factors in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.","authors":"Li Ma, Jie Hao, Saijun Wang, Kaiyin Yang, Wansheng Liang, Fengxiang Gu","doi":"10.62347/NKTA3087","DOIUrl":"10.62347/NKTA3087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the effects of general anesthesia (GA) and spinal anesthesia (SA) on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery and to identify associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 186 elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery at the Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine from January 2021 to January 2023. Patients were categorized into GA and SA groups. The incidence of POD, postoperative pain control, and cognitive function changes were compared. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for POD. The predictive value of significant factors was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of POD was significantly higher in the GA group than that in the SA group (27.4% vs. 9.9%, P=0.002). The visual analogue scale scores at 24 hours postoperatively and analgesic drug usage were significantly higher in the GA group (both P<0.001). Cognitive function scores postoperatively were significantly lower in the GA group (P<0.005). Multivariate analysis identified longer operation time (P<0.001, OR: 1.084, 95% CI: 1.047-1.123) and higher intraoperative blood loss (P=0.042, OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 1.001-1.035) as independent risk factors for POD. Conversely, higher preoperative hemoglobin (P=0.002, OR: 0.949, 95% CI: 0.919-0.981) and SA (P=0.021, OR: 0.174, 95% CI: 0.039-0.767) were protective factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to GA, SA significantly reduces POD incidence and improves postoperative analgesia in elderly hip fracture patients. Optimizing anesthetic strategies and preoperative assessments may enhance postoperative recovery in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2937-2946"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion-weighted imaging and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (DWI-ASPECTS)-guided intra-arterial thrombectomy beyond 6 hours: feasibility, substantial efficacy, and acceptable safety.","authors":"Guodong Xu, Xiaoli Dong, Xiaohui Liang, Liang Ma","doi":"10.62347/GLEJ7849","DOIUrl":"10.62347/GLEJ7849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombectomy for patients with acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) treated beyond the traditional 6-hour window, using diffusion-weighted imaging and the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (DWI-ASPECTS) for patient selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at Hebei General Hospital, involving 263 acute stroke patients treated between November 2022 and August 2024. Patients were categorized into two cohorts based on treatment timing: within 6 hours (n = 156) and beyond 6 hours (n = 107). Outcomes included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), degree of vascular recanalization (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] scale), coagulation parameters, and adverse event rates as safety measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Demographics and baseline conditions were comparable across groups. The beyond-6-hour group showed prolonged time from symptom onset to intervention, with slightly higher mRS and NIHSS scores at discharge and 90 days, indicating poorer functional and neurological outcomes (P < 0.05 for both). The beyond-6-hour group had a significantly lower vascular recanalization rate (mTICI ≥ 2b: 84.11%) compared to the within-6-hour group (93.59%, P = 0.013). However, the overall safety profile was similar, with no significant differences in adverse event rates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intra-arterial thrombectomy beyond the standard 6-hour window was feasible, showing substantial efficacy and an acceptable safety profile when guided by DWI-ASPECTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"3131-3141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, ethnic and genetic risk factors associated with postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing cancer surgery: a case-control study.","authors":"Thiago Ramos Grigio, Tatiane Katsue Furuya, Alexandre Slullitel, Alexis Germán Murillo Carrasco, Miyuki Uno, Maria José Ferreira Alves, Maria José Carvalho Carmona, Shigekazu Sugino, Roger Chammas, Angela Maria Sousa","doi":"10.62347/DGRM3907","DOIUrl":"10.62347/DGRM3907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify the clinical, ethnic, and genetic factors contributing to the varying risks of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) among a Brazilian population undergoing cancer surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case-control study was conducted involving 152 patients who experienced vomiting and/or retching (cases) and 158 patients who did not report nausea, vomiting, or retching (controls) within 24 h following oncological surgeries. This study is registered as 'Genetic Polymorphism and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)' under registration number NCT03627780 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03627780). Thirty-two polymorphisms associated with PONV predisposition and 15 polymorphisms for ancestry analysis were genotyped via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with customised TaqMan low-density array (TLDA) cards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The C allele of the rs208294 polymorphism (<i>P2RX7</i> gene) was observed at a significantly higher rate in the control group than in the case group across the genotype (P=0.035), dominant (P=0.010) and allele (0.032) models, thus suggesting a protective effect against PONV. The genotype results for rs208294 were validated via Sanger sequencing, which confirmed the association in the dominant model (P=0.027). In a multivariate regression analysis that included rs208294 and clinical variables that were identified in the univariate analysis, only a prior history of PONV or motion sickness was observed to be a significant predictor of PONV (P<0.05). No association between rs208294 and PONV was detected in an external cohort consisting of 198 cases and 56 controls of Japanese descents (P>0.05). Additionally, ancestry analysis indicated a predominantly European genetic composition in the Brazilian cohort, which differed with the Asian composition of the independent validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A previous history of PONV or motion sickness was identified as being the strongest predictor of PONV in our analysis. Genetic association, ancestry and external validation analyses suggest that genetic factors for PONV may significantly differ across populations of different continental origins.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"3235-3246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nomogram predictive model for factors influencing prognosis of acute ischemic stroke patients after intravenous thrombolysis.","authors":"Wei Peng, Hui Wang, Xiangliang Qiao","doi":"10.62347/MNDY3660","DOIUrl":"10.62347/MNDY3660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to develop and validate a nomogram for the early prediction of prognosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) following intravenous thrombolysis (IVT), to facilitate clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 393 consecutive AIS patients who underwent IVT between January 2021 to December 2023. Patients were classified into either a good or a poor prognosis group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors associated with clinical outcome, including medical records, laboratory findings, and independent risk factors. The independent factors were then used to construct a prognostic nomogram.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 393 AIS patients treated with IVT, 142 had a poor prognosis. Six independent predictors were identified: baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score (95% CI: 1.133-1.229, P<0.001), B-type natriuretic peptide (95% CI: 1.044-1.532, P=0.036), age group (Group 1: 95% CI: 0.004-0.086, P<0.001; Group 2: 95% CI: 0.034-0.063, P=0.004), time from onset to thrombolysis (95% CI: 1.004-1.067, P=0.014), diabetes (95% CI: 0.315-0.887, P=0.016), and pre-thrombolysis prothrombin time (PT) (95% CI: 1.050-1.553, P=0.015). These factors were incorporated into a nomogram, which achieved an under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of 0.8075882, 95% CI (0.664-0.962).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We identified six independent prognostic factors for AIS patients after IVT, including NIHSS score, B-type natriuretic peptide, pre-thrombolysis PT, age, diabetes, and time from onset to thrombolysis. The developed nomogram demonstrated strong predictive performance and may aid clinicians in prognosis assessment for AIS patients receiving IVT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2957-2966"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082500/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Krüppel-like factor signaling in neuroinflammation for neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Sarah Velez, Ebaa Ababneh, Kiminobu Sugaya, Jihe Zhao","doi":"10.62347/MIHM9413","DOIUrl":"10.62347/MIHM9413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) pose a formidable challenge in modern healthcare and are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and loss. Emerging research underscores the intricate interplay between neuroinflammation and mechanisms underlying ND pathogenesis. This review delves into the complex role of Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) in the context of neuroinflammation and major NDs. KLFs exert diverse effects in the brain on cellular processes such as blood-brain barrier integrity, neuronal cell cycle progression, and glial cell activation. Modulation of KLF expression and signaling emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate ND progression. By elucidating KLFs' multifaceted implications across diverse pathways and cellular processes implicated in ND progression, this review offers valuable insights into their therapeutic potential as targets for NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"3009-3030"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotine replacement therapy: insights into the mechanisms and potential of nicotine receptor pathway.","authors":"Nishant Patidar, Archana M Navale, Nitesh Parsaila, Dinesh Sharma, Prachi Nahar, Sagar Shinde, Nilay Solanki, Ajay Shelke","doi":"10.62347/MOBZ7773","DOIUrl":"10.62347/MOBZ7773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nicotine addiction is a complex phenomenon entwined with intricate mechanisms within the nicotine receptor pathway. This review offers an insightful exploration of this multifaceted landscape, delving into the interplay between nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and their pivotal role in neurotransmission. The structural and functional aspects of nAChRs, their distribution within the peripheral and central nervous systems, and their involvement in modulating diverse signalling cascades are reviewed. The clinical implications of nicotine addiction and the challenges in smoking cessation are also explored. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) drugs, designed to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and aid in smoking cessation, are critically evaluated. This article synthesizes current research findings on the efficacy, safety, and limitations of various NRT modalities. Furthermore, emerging pharmacotherapeutic strategies and novel molecules aimed at optimizing NRT outcomes are discussed. The potential of leveraging a deeper understanding of the nicotine receptor pathway to develop more targeted and efficacious NRT interventions is emphasized. The exploration of adjunct therapies and combination approaches to enhance the success rates of smoking cessation is also addressed. Through a synthesis of preclinical and clinical evidence, this article aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers working towards advancing the field of nicotine addiction treatment. As the global effort to combat tobacco-related health challenges intensifies, a nuanced understanding of the nicotine receptor pathway and its therapeutic implications becomes increasingly imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":7731,"journal":{"name":"American journal of translational research","volume":"17 4","pages":"2396-2410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144092713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}