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Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs最新文献

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Human memory, cerebral hemispheres, and the limbic system: a new approach. 人类记忆、大脑半球和边缘系统:一种新方法。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1999-02-01
V S Rotenberg, I Weinberg
{"title":"Human memory, cerebral hemispheres, and the limbic system: a new approach.","authors":"V S Rotenberg,&nbsp;I Weinberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An integrative approach to human memory is presented in the context of brain asymmetry. The results of psychophysiological investigations suggest that right-hemisphere functioning is closely associated with the limbic system; that association leads to the formation of a polysemantic context. Polysemantic context is determined by multiple interconnections among its elements; each element bears the stamp of the whole context. That context sustains episodic, personal, and emotionally laden memories. Left-hemisphere functioning leads to the formation of a monosemantic context, which is responsible for the maintenance of semantic memories. That distinction--in terms of general organization of material by hemispheres--explains such phenomena as memory disturbances among the very old, the influence of emotions on memory, and confabulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"125 1","pages":"45-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20937568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Frontal lobe deficits in domestic violence offenders. 家庭暴力罪犯的额叶缺损。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1999-02-01
M D Westby, F R Ferraro
{"title":"Frontal lobe deficits in domestic violence offenders.","authors":"M D Westby,&nbsp;F R Ferraro","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional frontal lobe deficits were examined in 38 men who committed domestic violence and 38 control participants. Dependent measures that examine frontal lobe deficits, including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (D. A. Grant & E. A. Berg, 1948), the Stroop Color-Word Test (J. R. Stroop, 1935), and Trails B (R. M. Reitan & L. A. Davidson, 1974), were used. The prediction that men who commit domestic violence would perform more poorly on neuropsychological measures related to frontal lobe deficits was only partially supported. A discriminate analysis was significant (p < .05), explaining approximately 7% of the variance; Trails B was the only contributor to that equation. The men who committed battery took significantly longer to complete Trails B than the control participants, suggesting that the men who committed battery may not have been as good as the control participants at inhibiting the competing response and therefore took longer to complete the task. The groups did not significantly differ on the other neuropsychological measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"125 1","pages":"71-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20937569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being: a longitudinal study in a Chinese context. 父母教养特征与青少年心理健康:中国背景下的纵向研究。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1999-02-01
D T Shek
{"title":"Parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being: a longitudinal study in a Chinese context.","authors":"D T Shek","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this longitudinal study, the relationships between perceived parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being were examined in a sample of Hong Kong Chinese adolescents (N = 378). The results indicated that global parenting styles and specific parenting behaviors are concurrently related to hopelessness, life satisfaction, self-esteem, purpose in life, and general psychiatric morbidity at Time 1 and Time 2. Longitudinal and prospective analyses (Time 1 predictors of Time 2 criterion variables) suggested that the relations between parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being are bidirectional in nature. The results indicated that the strengths of association between perceived parenting characteristics and adolescent psychological well-being are stronger in female than in male adolescents. Relative to maternal parenting characteristics, paternal parenting was found to exert a stronger influence on adolescent psychological well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"125 1","pages":"27-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20937567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An organizational model of choice: a theoretical analysis differentiating choice, personal control, and self-determination. 选择的组织模型:区分选择、个人控制和自决的理论分析。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-11-01
S Williams
{"title":"An organizational model of choice: a theoretical analysis differentiating choice, personal control, and self-determination.","authors":"S Williams","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals experience choice when they select one option from among meaningful alternatives that possess relatively equal attractiveness and some degree of indeterminacy. Choice has been found to influence important psychological and behavioral outcomes. After differentiating among choice, personal control, and self-determination, the author offers a model of choice, with self-determination as the key mechanism regulating how choice influences intrinsic motivation. The model suggests specific types of choice-relevant information that should affect whether choice results in an internal (self-determined) or external (controlled) locus of causality. The individual characteristics of locus of control, self-presentation, self-esteem, and Type A personality are suggested as possible moderators of the effects of choice. Finally, the implications of the choice model for organizations and further areas of research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 4","pages":"465-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20757678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Use of sociometric techniques to assess the social status of mainstreamed children with learning difficulties. 运用社会计量学技术评估主流学习困难儿童的社会地位。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-11-01
N L Frederickson, A F Furnham
{"title":"Use of sociometric techniques to assess the social status of mainstreamed children with learning difficulties.","authors":"N L Frederickson,&nbsp;A F Furnham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research on sociometric data collection and analysis methods is reviewed and implications for assessing the social status of mainstreamed children with learning difficulties are evaluated. Recommendations are made for changing existing procedures to account for factors specific to children with learning difficulties and to classrooms where mainstreaming is occurring. Variations between frequently used sociometric classification systems (which categorize children as popular, rejected, average, neglected, and controversial) are described, and information on their reliability and validity is discussed. Further reliability research with mainstreamed children is recommended, as is the application of theoretical accounts of affiliation in designing sociometric methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 4","pages":"381-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20757677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mutual attachment, personality, and drug use: pathways from childhood to young adulthood. 相互依恋，个性和吸毒:从童年到青年的途径。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-11-01
J S Brook, M Whiteman, S Finch, P Cohen
{"title":"Mutual attachment, personality, and drug use: pathways from childhood to young adulthood.","authors":"J S Brook,&nbsp;M Whiteman,&nbsp;S Finch,&nbsp;P Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Young adult drug use stemming from childhood aggression, the parent-child mutual attachment relationship, and the effect of unconventionality were studied. Youngsters and their mothers were interviewed when the former were early adolescents, late adolescents, and young adults. Additional data were collected from the mothers when their youngsters were children. The analysis was conducted on youngsters who had complete data at all 4 points in time. The findings were in accord with the family interactional model; that is, the parent-child mutual attachment relationship affects unconventionality in the youngster, which, in turn, affects young adult drug use. The results indicate that the parent-child mutual attachment relationship does so through (a) the stability of the attachment relationship from childhood to young adulthood, (b) the stability of unconventional personality and behavioral attributes from early adolescence to young adulthood, and (c) the stability of drug use from early adolescence to young adulthood. The findings imply that (a) early intervention with respect to aggression, (b) interventions that focus on strengthening the parent-child bond and conventional behavior, and (c) interventions aimed at early drug use should be most effective in reducing young adult drug use.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 4","pages":"492-510"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20757679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender stereotyping for sociability, dominance, character, and mental health: a meta-analysis of findings from the bogus stranger paradigm. 社会性、支配性、性格和心理健康的性别刻板印象:伪陌生人范式研究结果的荟萃分析。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-08-01
A Feingold
{"title":"Gender stereotyping for sociability, dominance, character, and mental health: a meta-analysis of findings from the bogus stranger paradigm.","authors":"A Feingold","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A meta-analysis was conducted of target gender effects on trait attributions from 18 bogus stranger studies that had manipulated target gender and target physical attractiveness. Collapsed over sex of perceivers, female targets were seen as more sociable, happier, and possessing greater character than male targets. However, these effects were small and were often moderated by the perceivers' sex. Male perceivers viewed female targets as more sociable and happier than male targets, whereas female perceivers viewed male targets as more dominant than female targets. There was no moderation of the gender effect on attributions of character, as both sexes viewed females more favorably than males and the effect size was very small for perceivers of both sexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 3","pages":"253-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20596366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A three-generation study: intergenerational continuities and discontinuities and their impact on the toddler's anger. 一项三代研究:代际连续性和非连续性及其对幼儿愤怒的影响。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-08-01
J S Brook, L J Tseng, M Whiteman, P Cohen
{"title":"A three-generation study: intergenerational continuities and discontinuities and their impact on the toddler's anger.","authors":"J S Brook,&nbsp;L J Tseng,&nbsp;M Whiteman,&nbsp;P Cohen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One hundred fifteen 2-year-old toddlers, one of the parents of each toddler, and the corresponding grandmother of each toddler were studied to determine the influence of the grandmother and the parent on the toddler's behavior. Findings indicated that the grandmother's parenting skills have an effect on the grandchild's anger via two pathways. More specifically, the grandmother's child-rearing techniques are mediated by the parent's personality traits, which, in turn, are associated with the parent's child-rearing practices and, ultimately, the grandchild's anger. The second pathway through which the grandmother's child-rearing is related to the grandchild's behavior involves the parent's imitation of the grandmother's parenting skills, which, in turn, are correlated with the toddler's behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 3","pages":"335-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20596880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correlations of the PAD Emotion Scales with self-reported satisfaction in marriage and work. PAD情绪量表与自我报告的婚姻和工作满意度的相关性。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-08-01
A Mehrabian
{"title":"Correlations of the PAD Emotion Scales with self-reported satisfaction in marriage and work.","authors":"A Mehrabian","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PAD (Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) Emotion Model was used to summarize existing data and to investigate emotional correlates of satisfaction-dissatisfaction at work and in marriage. Ages of the married and employed participants were as follows: Study 1: M = 35.7, SD = 10.5; Study 2: M = 36.6, SD = 9.6. For all participants in both studies, Work Satisfaction (WSS) was correlated positively (p < .05) with pleasure, r(289) = .60; arousal, r(289) = .45; and dominance, r(289) = .51. Similarly, across both studies, Marital Satisfaction (MSS) was correlated positively (p < .05) with pleasure, r(289) = .72; and arousal, r(289) = .45; but was not significantly related to dominance, r(289) = .11. The relation of dominance to satisfaction at work but not in marriage was interpreted in terms of the greater likelihood of adversarial and competitive relationships at work versus greater prevalence of shared values and goals in marriage. WSS/MSS correlations were positive and significant in both studies: Study 1, r(148) = .28; Study 2, r(139) = .30. Similarities of the emotional correlates of satisfaction-dissatisfaction in marriage and work could have accounted for part of the carryover of satisfaction from marriage to work and vice versa.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 3","pages":"311-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20596879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Attribution as a function of agential distance in a causal chain. 归因是因果链中代理距离的函数。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 1998-08-01
S Kanekar, J P Miranda
{"title":"Attribution as a function of agential distance in a causal chain.","authors":"S Kanekar,&nbsp;J P Miranda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The hypothesis that causality and blame will be differently affected by agential distance within a two-step causal chain was tested. A hypothetical medical accident was presented to 360 female college students in India, who gave causality, blame, or punishment judgments about either the proximal agent or the distal agent. The study had a 2 (proximal vs. distal agent) x 2 (high vs. low extenuation) x 2 (mild vs. severe outcome) x 3 (casuality, blame, or punishment judgments) fully crossed, between-subjects factorial design, with 15 participants per cell. In support of the basic hypothesis, more blame and punishment were assigned to the distal agent than to the proximal agent, whereas agential distance did not affect causal attribution. Extenuation was effective on causality and blame judgments only when the outcome was mild, and there was no effect of extenuation on punishment judgments, irrespective of outcome severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"124 3","pages":"271-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20596368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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