Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs最新文献

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Psychologists versus psychologists: evaluating the claims of psychologists who publicly criticize their profession. 心理学家对心理学家:评估公开批评其职业的心理学家的主张。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.4.329-354
Joel Kupfersmid
{"title":"Psychologists versus psychologists: evaluating the claims of psychologists who publicly criticize their profession.","authors":"Joel Kupfersmid","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.4.329-354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.4.329-354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the 1990s, 7 psychologists have written books for a public audience expressing great dissatisfaction with mental health practitioners. These critics represent 4 English-speaking countries: Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Those psychologists make 3 basic arguments: (a) any improvements attributed to psychotherapy are due to placebo effect, (b) psychological assessments have little value, and (c) clinicians do not meet the legal standards to qualify as experts in a court of law. The present author examines these arguments and concludes that these concerns are unfounded. The exception is that several forensic psychologists had been using tests that were invalid for legal purposes, but this situation has shown gradual improvement in the past 15 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 4","pages":"329-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.4.329-354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27320890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Creativity, intelligence, and personality: a critical review of the scattered literature. 创造力、智力与个性:散乱文献的批判性回顾。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.4.355-430
Mark Batey, Adrian Furnham
{"title":"Creativity, intelligence, and personality: a critical review of the scattered literature.","authors":"Mark Batey,&nbsp;Adrian Furnham","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.4.355-430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.4.355-430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors examined the relations among intelligence, personality, and creativity. They consider the concept and definition of creativity in conjunction with the qualifications that researchers in the field have suggested. The present authors briefly refer to historiometric studies but focus on psychometric intelligence and its relations to tests of divergent thinking (DT) and ratings of creativity. The authors consider the relation between personality and creativity in the context of Eysenckian 3-factor and 5-factor models of personality and with reference to DT tests and ratings of creativity. The authors also present recommendations for the future study of creativity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 4","pages":"355-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.4.355-430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27320893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 689
Using epistemic ratios to evaluate hypotheses: an imprecision penalty for imprecise hypotheses. 使用认知比率评估假设:对不精确假设的不精确惩罚。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.4.431-462
David Trafimow
{"title":"Using epistemic ratios to evaluate hypotheses: an imprecision penalty for imprecise hypotheses.","authors":"David Trafimow","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.4.431-462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.4.431-462","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to Bayesians, the null hypothesis significance-testing procedure is not deductively valid because it involves the retention or rejection of the null hypothesis under conditions where the posterior probability of that hypothesis is not known. Other criticisms are that this procedure is pointless and encourages imprecise hypotheses. However, according to non-Bayesians, there is no way of assigning a prior probability to the null hypothesis, and so Bayesian statistics do not work either. Consequently, no procedure has been accepted by both groups as providing a compelling reason to accept or reject hypotheses. The author aims to provide such a method. In the process, the author distinguishes between probability and epistemic estimation and argues that, although both are important in a science that is not completely deterministic, epistemic estimation is most relevant for hypothesis testing. Based on this analysis, the author proposes that hypotheses be evaluated via epistemic ratios and explores the implications of this proposal. One implication is that it is possible to encourage precise theorizing by imposing a penalty for imprecise hypotheses.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 4","pages":"431-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.4.431-462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27320896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Measuring the value of nonwage employee benefits: building a model of the relation between benefit satisfaction and value. 非工资员工福利价值的测量:建立福利满意度与价值关系模型。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-11-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.4.292-328
Bart L Weathington, Allan P Jones
{"title":"Measuring the value of nonwage employee benefits: building a model of the relation between benefit satisfaction and value.","authors":"Bart L Weathington,&nbsp;Allan P Jones","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.4.292-328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.4.292-328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have commonly assumed benefits that employees view as more valuable have a greater influence on their attitudes and behaviors. Researchers have used 2 common methods to measure benefit value: attaching a monetary value to benefits and using self-reports of benefit importance. The present authors propose that the 2 approaches are conceptually distinct and have different implications. They use a social exchange perspective to justify this distinction and integrate both approaches and benefit satisfaction into a more comprehensive model of benefit perception. Results suggest that both measures have practical applications depending on the nature of the exchange relationship between the organization and employees. However, this relationship depends on the specific benefit and on employee satisfaction with that benefit. Some benefits lend themselves to a monetary estimate, whereas others lend themselves more to a nonmonetary valuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 4","pages":"292-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.4.292-328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27322319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Multiplicative invalidity and its application to complex correlational models. 乘法无效性及其在复杂相关模型中的应用。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.3.215-240
David Trafimow
{"title":"Multiplicative invalidity and its application to complex correlational models.","authors":"David Trafimow","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.3.215-240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.3.215-240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An ever-increasing proportion of social psychology researchers use various versions of complex correlational models such as path analyses or structural equation models and others to draw causal conclusions from correlational data. Critics of complex correlational models have pointed out that (a) misspecification errors are the rule rather than the exception, (b) one cannot draw causal conclusions from a set of correlations, (c) most researchers fail to adjust their correlations for attenuation due to unreliability, and (d) the measures researchers use may actually be measures of outside variables that are correlated with other variables in one's model. Rather than rehash the debates that go along with these criticisms, the author makes some assumptions that are extremely favorable to the complex correlational modeler in that all of these criticisms are disallowed. Nevertheless, even with these assumptions, the author shows how spurious direct and indirect effects are likely to be created by moderately valid measures when researchers compute complex correlations. The author concludes that until social psychologists are better able to deal with the issue of the validity of their measures, they should not use complex correlational models.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 3","pages":"215-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.3.215-240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27077288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The cognition of deception: the role of executive processes in producing lies. 欺骗的认知:执行过程在制造谎言中的作用。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.3.197-214
Victor A Gombos
{"title":"The cognition of deception: the role of executive processes in producing lies.","authors":"Victor A Gombos","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.3.197-214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.3.197-214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cognitive processes used in deception have been largely overlooked in the literature on deception. The author's position in this review is that effortful executive processes (inhibition, working memory, and other mental management mechanisms) are central cognitive components for lie production. The author provides evidence from 3 bodies of literature: studies on lie detection, developmental research on cognition related to children's deception, and imaging research describing neural correlates of deception. In addition, the author reviews the available theories that implicate executive functions as core processes in deception. The author also discusses implications of this research as they relate to future research and applications on the psychology of deception.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 3","pages":"197-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.3.197-214","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27077287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 135
Therapeutically induced changes in couple identity: the role of we-ness and interpersonal processing in relationship satisfaction. 治疗诱导的夫妻身份改变:自我和人际处理在关系满意度中的作用。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-08-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.3.241-288
David W Reid, E Jane Dalton, Kristine Laderoute, Faye K Doell, Thao Nguyen
{"title":"Therapeutically induced changes in couple identity: the role of we-ness and interpersonal processing in relationship satisfaction.","authors":"David W Reid,&nbsp;E Jane Dalton,&nbsp;Kristine Laderoute,&nbsp;Faye K Doell,&nbsp;Thao Nguyen","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.3.241-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.3.241-288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in partners' sense of self-in-relationship, which a systemic-constructivist couple therapy (SCCT) induced, led to robust improvement in satisfaction in 2 studies and a follow-up study. In each study, 13 referred couples completed measures of satisfaction, mutuality, similarities, and other-in-self construal pre-post 12 hours of SCCT. The authors reliably coded transcripts of 1st and final sessions for each partner's we-ness, the identity that each partner establishes in relationship to the other. Having met the criteria for the rigorous study of change in single group process-outcome design, changes in we-ness accompanied large posttherapy dyadic increments on all variables in each study. Therapeutic gains appeared at follow-up and correlated with increased we-ness obtained at end of therapy 2 years earlier. The authors raise theoretical implications for all types of couple therapies and explain clinical techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 3","pages":"241-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.3.241-288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27077289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 78
Exploring consciousness in emotional face decoding: an event-related potential analysis. 情绪面孔解码中的意识探索:事件相关电位分析。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.2.129-150
Michela Balconi
{"title":"Exploring consciousness in emotional face decoding: an event-related potential analysis.","authors":"Michela Balconi","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.2.129-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.2.129-150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The author analyzed the role of consciousness in emotional face comprehension. The author recorded psychophysiological measures of event-related potentials (ERPs), elicited by supraliminal and subliminal stimuli when participants viewed emotional facial expressions of 4 emotions or neutral stimuli. The author analyzed an ERP emotion-specific effect (N200 peak variation; temporal interval was 180-300 ms poststimulus) in terms of peak amplitude and latency variables. The results indicated 4 important findings. First, there was an emotional-specific ERP deflection only for emotional stimuli, not for neutral stimuli. Second, the unaware information processing was quite similar to that of aware in terms of peak morphology, but not in terms of latency. In fact, unconscious stimulation produced a more delayed peak variation than did conscious stimulation. Third, valence of facial stimulus (positive or negative) was supraliminally and subliminally decoded because it was showed by differences of peak deflection between negative high arousing (fear and anger) and low arousing (happiness, sadness, and neutral) stimuli. Finally, the author found a more posterior distribution of ERP as a function of emotional content of the stimulus. Cortical lateralization (right or left) was not correlated to conscious or unconscious stimulation. The author discussed the functional significance of her results in terms of supraliminal and subliminal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 2","pages":"129-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.2.129-150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26858186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
A taxometric study of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. 流行病学研究中心抑郁症量表的分类研究。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.2.101-128
Gretchen Baldwin, Glenn D Shean
{"title":"A taxometric study of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.","authors":"Gretchen Baldwin,&nbsp;Glenn D Shean","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.2.101-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.2.101-128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors assessed the latent structure of depressive symptoms as measured by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D; L. S. Radloff, 1977). By using taxometric procedures, the authors conducted analyses of CES-D data obtained from a large college student population. These procedures incorporated strategies for interpreting analyses of skewed indicators and small putative taxa. The authors hypothesized that CES-D total scores would be represented as a dimension, with a taxonic distribution of a factor incorporating somatic symptoms. Results indicated that all CES-D factors, including the factor composed of somatic complaints, were dimensional. Administration of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-IV (L. N. Robins, L. Marcus, & W. Reich, 1996) to one quarter of the participants indicated that the CES-D was effective in identifying cases of current or recent clinical depression. Evidence of the dimensionality of CES-D indicators in a student population is consistent with a continuity view of depressive symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 2","pages":"101-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.2.101-128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26858185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
The congruence of personal life values and work attitudes. 个人生活价值观和工作态度的一致性。
Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.3200/mono.132.2.151-192
Rachel E Hyde, Bart L Weathington
{"title":"The congruence of personal life values and work attitudes.","authors":"Rachel E Hyde,&nbsp;Bart L Weathington","doi":"10.3200/mono.132.2.151-192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3200/mono.132.2.151-192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors examined the congruence between an individual's personal-life value placement and attitudes at work. Specifically, they examined how people place value on work, family, religion, and themselves (the personal life values), respectively, and how that choice influences affect, commitment, conscientiousness, and honesty in the workplace (attitudes at work). The authors also examined and tested exploratory hypotheses by using both simple correlations and multiple linear regression analyses. Results suggested varying relationships between value placement and work attitudes. The authors discussed implications and directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":77145,"journal":{"name":"Genetic, social, and general psychology monographs","volume":"132 2","pages":"151-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3200/mono.132.2.151-192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"26858187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
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