Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"[Alcohol drinking patterns among policemen in Shiga, Kyoto, Yamaguchi and Okinawa prefectures].","authors":"K Ohno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alcohol drinking patterns among policemen in Shiga, Kyoto, Yamaguchi and Okinawa prefectures were surveyed using a questionnaire on alcohol drinking during 1987-88. The responses from 1812 (male) subjects (average age of 36) were compared to a similar survey in 1975-79. Drinkers accounted for 91.3% of all subjects, of which 6.6% drank daily, 65.6% drank more than once a week, 6.5% usually did not drink at all and 2.1% were abstainers. The percentage of daily drinkers decreased during the 10 years (13.5%) though the total number of drinkers slightly increased nationwide. Preferred beverages were, beer 39.9%, whisky 21.4% Japanese sake 17.9%, Japanese shochu 11.0%. The percentage of beer and Japanese shochu drinkers increased and that of Japanese sake decreased during the ten-year period. However, Japanese sake was the second most popular beverage in Shiga, Kyoto and Yamaguchi prefectures. In Okinawa, awamori (a strong kind of shochu) was the favorite. Especially, drinkers aged over 50 in Okinawa preferred awamori rather than beer. Though drinking frequency at home (banshaku) and parties (enkai) did not change, the consumption volume decreased during the ten-year period. In In particular, young drinkers drank less frequently at home. Intake increased with age. Our results indicate that drinking frequency and volume decreased during the ten-year period. In general, drinking frequency and volume is reported to have increased. This difference might be related to the character of a policeman's occupation.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 3","pages":"97-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18637337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The ethanol elimination pharmacokinetics--the effects of genotypes of ALDH2 and CYP2E1 on the ethanol metabolism].","authors":"K Iwahashi,&nbsp;R Miyatake,&nbsp;K Nakamura,&nbsp;H Suwaki,&nbsp;H Kinoshita,&nbsp;K Ameno,&nbsp;I Ijiri,&nbsp;Y Ishikawa,&nbsp;H Yoneyama,&nbsp;T Mendori","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of CYP2E1 upon the blood ethanol level was investigated. Blood ethanol concentrations in 4 volunteers whose ADH 2, ADH 3 and ALDH 2 genotypes were identical, were determined after intravenous administrations of 0.20 g/kg of ethanol by gas chromatography. The predicting 95% confidence bounds determined on regression analysis of these data suggested that after venous injection of ethanol, the blood ethanol concentration in a volunteer normal homozygous for CYP2E1 (C1/C1) is higher than that heterozygous (C1/C2). And beta 60 (the blood ethanol concentration-time curve) of the subject heterozygous for CYP2E1 (C1/C2) was higher than that normal homozygous (C1/C1). It is possible that the C2 allele corresponding to the higher CYP2E1 activity may affect the ethanol metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 2","pages":"63-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18605527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of chronic ethanol intake on sugar chain structures of IgG in mice].","authors":"Y Masuda,&nbsp;S Ohnuma,&nbsp;Y Matsuda,&nbsp;T Shimizu,&nbsp;Y Hishikawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>IgG is an N-glycosylated glycoprotein, and is secreted from B lymphocyte. Transferrin is also an N-glycosylated glycoprotein secreted from hepatic cell. We have investigated, by lectin-ELISA method, reactivities of sugar chain structures, which are Gal (beta 1, 4) GlcNAc, Fuc (alpha 1, 3 or 6) Gal, NeuAc (alpha 2, 6) Gal, galactose, poly mannoses and NeuAc (alpha 2, 3) Gal, in IgG or transferrin of ddY mice that were given ethanol solution for 3 weeks. In the investigation, we have found that the all reactivities of sugar chain structures in IgG and transferrin remarkably reduced. We have also found that Lewis-X (Gal (beta 1, 4) GlcNAc (3, 1 alpha Fuc)-), which is functional sugar chain structure in the IgG, was markedly reduced with dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that ethanol decreases activities of glycotransferases in some cells which produce and secrete N-glycosylated glycoproteins. It has been reported that human erythrocyte has also N-glycosylated glycoproteins in the membrane, and its sialic acid and galactose are reduced after chronic ethanol intake. The past and present findings indicate that sugar chain structures of N-glycosylated glycoproteins in both serum and cell membranes are reduced after chronic ethanol intake. Though functions of sugar chain structures of N-glycosylated glycoproteins remain unclear, if functional structures like Lewis-X exist in N-glycosylated glycoproteins, the change of the sugar chain structures may have some relations to diseases occurring after chronic ethanol intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 2","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18605526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of Bacillus natto-fermented product (BIOZYME) on blood alcohol, aldehyde concentrations after whisky drinking in human volunteers, and acute toxicity of acetaldehyde in mice].","authors":"H Sumi,&nbsp;C Yatagai,&nbsp;H Wada,&nbsp;E Yoshida,&nbsp;M Maruyama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effects of Bacillus natto-fermented product (BIOZYME) on blood alcohol and aldehyde concentrations after drinking whisky (corresponding to 30-65 ml ethanol) were studied in 21 healthy volunteers. When 100 ml of BIOZYME was orally administrated to the volunteers before drinking whisky, the time delay of both blood factors to attain maximum concentrations were observed. The maximum decrease in blood alcohol and aldehyde concentrations were about 23% and 45% (p < 0.005), respectively, at 1 hr after drinking whisky. The aldehyde lowering effect of BIOZYME was continued for at least 4 hr after whisky drinking. Concentration of the breath alcohol was also sharply decreased by BIOZYME administration. The breath alcohol concentration in the administered group (0.18 +/- 0.11 mg/l) was found to be lowered about 44% than that of the control group (0.32 +/- 0.11 mg/l) (p < 0.0005, n = 21), at 1 hr after drinking whisky. In acute toxicity experiments of aldehyde in mice (12 mmol AcH/mg), BIOZYME showed the survival effect as with alpha-D-Ala (134% increase of the living, at 40 min after i.p. administration) (p < 0.005, n = 22). These findings reveal the Bacillus natto produced BIOZYME as a reasonable, safety and useful anti-hangover agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 2","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18605528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alcohol beverage advertisements--survey of weekly magazines].","authors":"N Okazaki,&nbsp;S Higuchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an analysis of alcohol beverage advertisements appearing in weekly magazines and comics. Few studies have be undertaken on this sector of the mass media in Japan. The results are compared with those of a similar study in the United States. We also review alcohol advertisements on television and the drinking scenes shown in comics. On the average, Japanese magazines tend to contain fewer alcohol advertisements than American magazines. However, 18 (53%) in 34 weekly magazines contained alcohol advertisements showing that such magazines are an important medium for alcoholic beverage advertising in Japan. There were also alcohol advertisements targeting to particular populations, youths and women, which may be connected with the increase in drinking in these groups. Alcohol advertisements in the mass media should be monitored continuously as public health issue.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 1","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18729710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association between alcoholics and the genotypes of ALDH2, ADH2, ADH3 as well as P-4502E1].","authors":"K Nakamura,&nbsp;H Suwaki,&nbsp;Y Matsuo,&nbsp;Y Ichikawa,&nbsp;R Miyatake,&nbsp;K Iwahashi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the genotypes of ALDH2, ADH2, ADH3 and P-4502E1 loci of alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Also we compared the frequencies of the homozygous ALDH2*1/1 genotype and heterozygous ALDH2*1/2 genotypes in alcoholics. Our study reported differences in the allelic frequencies of ALDH2, ADH2 and ADH3 loci between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. For alcoholics, it was indicated that ADH2 and ADH3 plays an important role for alcoholism. For genotypes of P-4502E1, no significant difference was observed between alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Alcoholics with the heterozygous ALDH2*1/2 genotype had significantly higher frequency of the ADH2*1 than that of alcoholics with ALDH2*1/1 genotype. Concerning the alcoholics with the heterozygous ALDH2*1/2 genotype, we assumed that ADH2*1 plays a role for the development of alcoholism.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"30 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18729711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Association among genotypes of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and alcohol consumption].","authors":"T Ishibashi,&nbsp;S Harada,&nbsp;S Tanimura,&nbsp;F Taguchi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large population survey was made for the determination of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotypes among 630 unrelated Japanese adults by PCR using allele specific primers. The frequencies of three genotypes were 60% ALDH2*1/ALDH2*1 (NN) type, 35% ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2 (ND) type and 5% ALDH2*2/ALDH2*2 (dd) type. Average amounts of alcohol consumption per month for three genotypes were 965.8 g/month for NN type, 629.5 g/month for ND type and 179 g/month for DD type. The differences in average alcohol consumption were significant (p < 0.01) among the three genetic different groups. When male and female date were analyzed separately for these three groups, significant differences among three groups were found in both genders. These results indicated that ALDH2 mutant is an important genetic factor for limiting the alcohol consumption. The frequencies of ALDH2 genotypes were not significantly different between male and female population groups, however, their average alcohol consumption were significantly different between the two groups. Therefore, various social factors and life styles, in addition to genetic factors, might concern in the difference of alcohol consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"29 6","pages":"527-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18699933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Influence of alcohol beverage vending machine on alcohol dependence syndrome].","authors":"A Ino,&nbsp;S Fujita","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The vending machines which sell alcohol beverages (AVM) can be found quite easily in front of shops or on the roadside in this country. Although it is easily supposed that these vending machines might have badly influenced on developing alcohol dependence syndrome, no scientific study has been reported in this regard so far. In this study, we analyzed the present status of alcoholics (n = 759) and their family members (n = 512) and of ordinary people (n = 334) in terms of their \"relation\" and \"attitudes\" to the vending machines by a questionnaire method. The results obtained show as follows: The majority of alcoholics (60%) had used AVM a couple of times or more often in a week, and 18% of alcoholics had not used AVM at all. It was found that the natures of AVM such as \"machine,\" \"long time operation,\" \"easy accessibility,\" are closely related to the development of their alcohol seeking behavior, resulting in forming unfavorable drinking patterns such as concealed drinking, gulping, early morning drinking or binge drinking. Unusual patterns of using AVM were also noticed among them, such as, go to AVM before 5 a.m. and wait until it starts to work, go to a far away AVM deliberately, or, visiting AVM one after another. It was noticed that these drinking habits affected seriously not only the alcoholics but their families also. The number of the family members who insisted that AVM affected badly on the course of alcohol dependence syndrome is larger than that of alcoholics who admit the same thing. As for the future abolition of AVM, 91% of the family members, 70% of alcoholics and 39% of ordinary persons agreed with. The rate of \"agreed with abolition\" is higher than that of \"disagreed with abolition\" among ordinary persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"29 6","pages":"505-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18699932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A study of relationships among solvent inhalation, personality and expectancy; especially on affinity to hallucination, sensation seeking and neurotic tendency].","authors":"N Morita,&nbsp;S Satoh,&nbsp;S Oda,&nbsp;H Tomita,&nbsp;M Shoji,&nbsp;E Seno,&nbsp;K Abe,&nbsp;T Konishi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>94 delinquents in two homes for resocialization were surveyed to elucidate the relationship among the status of volatile solvent inhalation, expectancy and personality. The subjects were classified into solvent-inhalation group and non-solvent-inhalation group, and the former was divided into solvent dependence group and abuse group according to DSM-III-R. Each group was given personality tests; general health questionnaire (GHQ), sensation seeking scale (SSS), the vividness of visual imagery (VVIQ), test of visual imagery control (TVIC) and Yatabe-Guilford test (YG). In addition we investigated expectancy and mental symptoms caused by inhalation in it. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Inhalation group scored higher on SSS than non-inhalation group. 2. Compared with abuse group, dependence group presented with 1) higher GHQ score meaning neurotic tendency; 2) higher TVIC score meaning imagery-control-ability; 3) a higher incidence of day-dream and hallucination, especially egosyntonic type; 4) higher expectancy of \"enhancement of positive affection\", \"reduction of negative affection\" and \"hallucination seeking\"; 5) lower expectancy of \"association with friends\". 3. Higher scored inhalers on TVIC showed visual hallucinations, especially egosyntonic type more frequently than lower ones. 4. Significant correlations were recognized between GHQ score and expectancy of \"reduction of negative affection\", and between lack of objectiveness score of YG subscale and \"hallucination seeking\" expectancy. These results suggested that 1) beginning of inhalation is associated with sensation seeking trait, 2) progression to solvent dependence is correlated with three expectancies, i.e., seeking egosyntonic hallucinations paralleling high imagery-control-ability and subjectivity, reducing negative affection paralleling neurotic tendency, and enhancing positive affection. According to the findings, indulgence to drug induced positive imagery led delinquents into splitting of personality. In their treatment we need to help them to integrate high imagery ability and sensation seeking for recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"29 5","pages":"445-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18824450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study of urinary dolichols as a biological marker for alcohol abuse. Report 2: Comparison of urinary dolichols/creatinine concentrations among non-drinkers, moderate-drinkers and heavy-drinkers.","authors":"H Kazunaga,&nbsp;H Suwaki,&nbsp;K Ameno,&nbsp;H Kinoshita,&nbsp;I Ijiri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report here the comparison of urinary dolichols/creatine (D/Cr) concentration ratios in male non-drinkers, moderate-drinkers and heavy drinkers at admission and during hospitalization, and also discuss its usefulness as a biological marker for alcohol abuse. Urine samples were collected from the following four experimental groups: non-(male and female) and moderate-drinker (male) volunteers, and alcoholic heavy-drinking patients (male) at admission for psychiatric treatment and after 9-15 days hospitalization (informed consent was obtained). Urinary dolichols were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after BondElutC18 (500 mg) extraction. Due to significant differences in urinary D/Cr concentrations between male and female groups in non-drinkers and because the heavy-drinkers available for this study were exclusively male, comparison of the value of urinary D/Cr concentration ratios was subsequently limited to male only. There were no statistical differences in urinary D/Cr concentrations in the male among non-drinkers, moderate-drinkers and heavy-drinkers at admission. The accuracy of urinary D/Cr as a biological marker for alcohol abuse, calculated using the mean +/- 2 s.d. in non- and moderate-drinkers as the normal range, is only 33.3% in heavy-drinkers at admission, while their value of gamma-GTP in serum was 88.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"29 5","pages":"429-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18825200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}