Russian Metallurgy (Metally)最新文献

{"title":"Theory and Practice of Introducing Special Particles to Change the Chemical Composition of the Metal Pool during ESR","authors":"I. V. Chumanov,&nbsp;M. A. Matveeva,&nbsp;D. V. Sergeev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700291","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700291","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The possibility of introducing special particles from the surface of a consumable electrode into the liquid metal pool during electroslag remelting is shown. An analysis is performed to justify the possibility of introducing particles into the drops of electrode metal that form at the end of the consumable electrode during remelting when an electrode rotation technology is used. The liquid metal film thickness and the drop size are estimated; these values are shown to significantly exceed the sizes of the special particles. When a particle passes from the electrode surface to a drop, it is found to be isolated by a layer of liquid metal from contact with a refining flux. For experimental remelting with a coating containing titanium carbide particles, 55% of the mass of introduced particles are assimilated.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"207 - 210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Chemical Composition on Strength Properties of Titanium Alloys at Operating Temperatures under Pressure Treatment","authors":"Yu. B. Egorova,&nbsp;L. V. Davydenko,&nbsp;I. M. Mamonov","doi":"10.1134/S003602952670045X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S003602952670045X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The strength properties of titanium alloys of different type have been determined in tensile and upsetting tests carried out in the temperature interval 20–1200°C. It has been found that in the interval 20–500°C, α + β-alloys and transition-class alloys with a molybdenum equivalent of 8–13% offer the highest strength, whereas heat-resistant pseudo-α- and α + β-alloys exhibit the highest strength at temperatures 600–800°C. At temperatures from 800°C to the point of polymorphic transformation, the softening of titanium alloys is governed primarily by the concentration of α-stabilizers and inert hardeners. At temperatures above the point of polymorphic transformation, the ultimate upsetting strength is independent of aluminum and molybdenum equivalents for alloying elements and impurities. Models to estimate the typical values of ultimate strength versus deformation temperature have been justified based on research data.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"306 - 312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cladding of Titanium Carbide Powder Particles in a Planetary Mill","authors":"N. V. Kobernik,&nbsp;A. S. Pankratov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Andriyanov,&nbsp;A. L. Galinovskii,&nbsp;S. D. Karpukhin","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700552","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700552","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of studying the cladding of a titanium carbide powder with nickel powder during their simultaneous milling in a high-energy planetary mill are reported. The joint milling of the powder mixture is found to lead to an increase in its bulk density. Analysis of the fractional composition and reduced particle size shows that during milling for 90 min, the pure grinding of the titanium carbide powder is observed; as the milling time increases to 150 min, the adhesion of nickel powder particles is observed (especially at carrier rotation speeds of 250 and 275 rpm) along with the refinement of titanium carbide particles. According to electron microprobe analysis (EMA) data, the best cladding effect is found to observe after milling for 150 min at a carrier rotation speed of 250 rpm. The cladding layer is several tens of microns in thickness (in accordance with the location) and is a mixture of nickel powders differing in the degree of strain and fine titanium carbide particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"365 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Carbon and Fullerene on Cladding Titanium Carbide Particles with Nickel and Copper","authors":"N. V. Kobernik,&nbsp;A. S. Pankratov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Andriyanov,&nbsp;S. A. Korolev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700564","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700564","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of studying the effect of carbon added in various allotropic forms (graphite and fullerene C₆₀) on the cladding process of titanium carbide particles with nickel and copper powders during simultaneous processing in a planetary mill are reported. The graphite addition is found to favor the formation of the less dense cladding layer and to reduce the adhesion of the mixture to the milling cup walls. On contrary, the fullerene addition significantly increases the adhesion and favors the formation of the denser and more uniform composite coating at the titanium carbide surface. Scanning electron microscopy data confirm that fullerene intensifies the cladding process and ensure the better nickel and copper distribution over the titanium carbide particle surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"372 - 377"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Nitrogen Penetration Depth during Hardening of VT20 Alloy","authors":"E. V. Ageev,&nbsp;A. Yu. Altukhov,&nbsp;A. S. Pereverzev,&nbsp;A. E. Ageeva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700576","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700576","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of experiments aimed at estimating the depth of nitrogen penetration into VT20 titanium alloy subjected to ion nitriding in a hydrogen–nitrogen gas mixture are presented. The addition of hydrogen to the gas mixture increases nitrogen diffusion and reduces the brittle nitride crust. The nitrogen content is about 10% at a depth of 20 μm.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"378 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational–Experimental Estimation of the Bond Strength of the Coating Formed by Electric Resistance Welding of a Woven Metal Mesh with Powder in Its Cells to Grade 45 Steel","authors":"G. R. Latypova,&nbsp;V. A. Strizheus,&nbsp;R. A. Latypov,&nbsp;V. V. Chernov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700357","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the current, its duration, and the force applied to electrodes on the formation of a coating from a woven metal mesh with powder in its cells and on the quality of its bond to the base metal without melting the joined materials is investigated. A mathematical model is proposed for the deformation of the materials to be joined. It can relate the increase in the bond strength of the composite coating to the strain and the contact area between the formed coating and the base metal. Joint formation in this case occurs due to the development of interaction both in the contact plane and in the contact zone volume and is limited by stress relaxation to the extent necessary for stress preservation and the occurrence of heterodiffusion processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"269 - 275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Impurities Contained in Fuel and Air on Sulfide Corrosion of Turbine Blades of the Gas Turbine Engine","authors":"V. M. Samoilenko,&nbsp;G. T. Pashchenko,&nbsp;E. V. Samoilenko,&nbsp;A. A. Gnezdilova","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700461","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The processes of improving gas turbine engines (GTE), increasing their resource and efficiency are continuously accompanied by increase in temperature and pressure of working fluid. Turbine elements are subjected to high thermomechanical loads and continuous exposure from the corrosive environment. These impacts are especially significant for the working blades of the first stage of the turbine located in the area of the highest temperatures. In this case, one of the most serious damages is the corrosive effect on the working blade from the combustion gases entering the flow part of the turbine. The TS-1 fuel used on an aircraft contains sulfur compounds in its compositions such as elemental sulfur and mercaptans, which, in combination with sodium and potassium in the air, lead to a corrosive effect on the turbine blade material. To ensure the long-term opration of the turbine blades at the gas temperature at the turbine inlet up to 800–850°C, the contents of these products in both fuel and air is limited according to the regulatory and technical documentation. However, it is not yet possible to exclude them completely. The presence of sulfur compounds on the GTE turbine blades causes sulfide corrosion. Therefore, the article considers the influence of impurities in fuel and air on the process of sulfide corrosion of the turbine blades material of the turbine. The mechanism of sulfide dissolution in metal oxides or protective coating is presented, as well as the diffusion of sulfur oxide from the coating surface into its depth. The reason for the influence of sodium chloride contained in the fuel on the corrosion rate is given. In order to increase the efficiency of the turbine blades when exposed to such a corrosive environment, it is proposed to use a new coating from an aqueous suspension and allowing the introduction of chromium into the coating, which provides a higher durability of such a coating in comparison with serial aluminide coatings. The introduction of chromium is ensured by an exothermic reaction occurring during the formation of the coating during heat treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"313 - 318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the Pouring a Liquid Master Alloy through a Siphon System into a Mold with Metallized Pellets","authors":"I. V. Chumanov,&nbsp;I. M. Yachikov,&nbsp;D. V. Sergeev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700412","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The production of combined cast consumable electrodes using metallized pellets (MPs) and a liquid master alloy, which are intended for an electroslag process (ESP), is modeled. The liquid master alloy is poured through a siphon fireclay system into a cast iron pipe (which acts as a mold) containing a polystyrene foam insert in the central region and surrounded by MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"276 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Electroslag Remelting Technology for Obtaining Multilayer Billets","authors":"M. A. Matveeva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700394","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The methods of external influence on the electroslag remelting process (ERP) in order to obtain multilayer ingots are analyzed. The method of electroslag remelting with rotation of the consumable electrode is proposed, which leads to the appearance of a centrifugal force that affects the heat pattern in the metal bath by changing the place of delivery of electrode metal droplets and forms the crystallization front, providing greater crystalline homogeneity in the axial direction. Application of the electrode rotation technology allows one to obtain multilayer ingots with a minimum transition zone between layers of different chemical compositions. To realize this method, it is necessary to give the electrode unidirectional or reversible rotation around its axis or the axis of the bath at asymmetric location of the electrode. The electrode rotation speed depends on its diameter, and it is 30–90 rpm for electrodes with a diameter of 40–250 mm. The consumable electrode rotation has a complex positive effect on remelting performance: it increases the productivity without increasing the suitable power for the slag bath, it increases the refining capacity; it changes the place of the electrode metal delivery into the metal bath and forms the crystallization front, providing greater crystalline homogeneity in the axial direction. Application of the consumable electrode rotation technology makes it possible to introduce chemical composition-correcting additives into the liquid metal bath from the ingot surface by applying a coating consisting of a filler material and water-based non-stick paint to the remelted electrode.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"254 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractographic Analysis of Single-Crystal Heat-Resistant Nickel Alloy Subjected to Thermomechanical Compression","authors":"V. V. Makhorin,&nbsp;M. I. Olenin,&nbsp;M. V. Staritsyn,&nbsp;M. A. Markov,&nbsp;I. N. Kravchenko,&nbsp;A. N. Belyakov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700606","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Specimens of the single-crystal heat-resistant SLZhS5-VI grade nickel alloy are subjected to tensile testing at room temperature and elevated temperatures. Significant improvements in the plastic properties of the specimens are observed after thermomechanical compression loading. Subsequent fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces validates the hypothesis that these improvements stem from a reduction in discontinuities, microporosity, and microcracks, as well as an increased strength of the alloy-inclusion interface resulting from thermomechanical compression loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"393 - 399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}