Russian Metallurgy (Metally)最新文献

{"title":"Determination of Primary Stretching Limit of Slanted-Floor Box Products","authors":"Tok Chol Yu,&nbsp;Jin Song Choi,&nbsp;Kyong Ho Sim,&nbsp;Chon Il Son,&nbsp;Il Kyong Kang","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525600488","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525600488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stretching process of a slanted-floor box product was simulated to analyze the deformation characteristics compared to a flat-floor box product. A stretching simulation model of the slanted-floor box was developed by DYNAFORM software. Characteristics of the model is that the distance between the blank holder and the die is set equal to the sheet thickness. The flow characteristics of flange metal, stretching limit, thickness distribution and the force acting on the tool were analyzed to investigate the deformation characteristics compared to the stretching of a flat-floor box product. Using orthogonal test method, a regression equation to determine the maximum forming depth with geometrical parameters of the slanted-floor box product under the condition of fixed process parameters (coefficient of friction between tool and workpiece and fillet radius of die) was developed, and its accuracy was validated through the stretching process of a terminal box. The average relative error of the developed equation is 2.35%, which is able to predict accurately the maximum forming depth of slanted-floor box products. The proposed method is important for engineering applications including technical process design of slanted-floor box products.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"624 - 636"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Steam to Improve the Natural Gas Combustion Conditions in a Blast Furnace Tuyere","authors":"E. A. Volkov,&nbsp;M. K. Mikhailova,&nbsp;I. A. Levitskii,&nbsp;A. G. Radyuk,&nbsp;M. M. Skripalenko,&nbsp;A. L. Terebov,&nbsp;A. E. Titlyanov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600057","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The results of Ansys Fluent 21.2 computer simulation of the processes that occur in a blast furnace tuyere are compared for four variants at the same supply of steam with blast, which differ in the amount of steam supplied together with natural gas. When the flow rate of steam supplied with natural gas increases, chemical reactions within the tuyere proceed more completely, which is accompanied by an increase in the blast temperature and velocity and provides higher uniformity in the distribution of temperature and chemical reaction participants over the cross section of the channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"617 - 623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Properties of TiC Steel-Bonded Cemented Carbide Using TiC–Ni Composite Powders Synthesized by SHS","authors":"SongChol Ri,&nbsp;YongHyok Song,&nbsp;CholSong Pang,&nbsp;CholHyok Kim,&nbsp;JongHyok Rim,&nbsp;KyongRyong Kim,&nbsp;JinSong Ri,&nbsp;SongRyong Pak,&nbsp;CholBong Yun","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600033","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600033","url":null,"abstract":"<p>TiC–Ni composite powders, exhibiting a microstructure in which Ni surrounds TiC particles, were synthesized from the reaction powder mixtures of titanium, carbon black and nickel by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS). Subsequently, TiC stainless steel-bonded cemented carbide was fabricated using the as-synthesized TiC–Ni composite powders by conventional powder metallurgy (PM). The effects of ball milling time on the characterization of TiC–Ni composite powders were investigated, along with the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the cemented carbide. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and laser particle size analysis(LPSA) were used to characterize the initial reactant mixtures, the synthesized TiC–Ni composite powders, and the final sintered cemented carbide. The density, hardness, and transverse rupture strength (TRS) of the cemented carbide were analyzed. The corrosion resistance of the cemented carbide was evaluated by the immersion test. The results showed that the desired TiC–Ni composite powders can be obtained when the ball milling time of the reactants in the SHS process is more than 9 hours. Compared to the TiC powder synthesized by carbothermal reduction, the cemented carbide fabricated using TiC–Ni composite powders synthesized by SHS exhibited enhanced mechanical properties with a relative density of 99.9%, hardness of 86.2HRA, and TRS of 1650MPa. However, its corrosion resistance was slightly lower than that of 316L stainless steel.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"606 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Description of the Deformation Zone for Rolling in Simple-Shaped Grooves","authors":"A. A. Osipov,&nbsp;N. V. Semenova,&nbsp;M. V. Smirnov,&nbsp;L. V. Solov’ova-Gogoleva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600239","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of cubic β-splines is considered to simplify the computation the deformation zone surface during steady flow and to calculate the components of strain rate tensor ξ_<i>ij</i> on rolling alloy steels in simple grooves. The method of rolling grids is used as a basis for studying the state of stress on the free and contact surfaces of a strip. The coordinates of the deformed mesh serve as the initial information for calculating and describing the deformation zone surface.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"652 - 657"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Effects of Mo Addition on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Plasma-Clad CoCrCuFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings","authors":"Li Xiaojing,&nbsp;Yang Qingyuan,&nbsp;Yu Dongman","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600136","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600136","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of Mo addition on the microstructure and wear resistance of CoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy coatings, plasma cladding was used to fabricate two types of coatings (CoCrCuFeNi and CoCrCuFeMoNi) on Q235 steel substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), microhardness testing, and friction-wear tests were employed to investigate the effects of Mo incorporation on the phase composition, microstructure, elemental distribution, and mechanical properties of the coatings. The results demonstrate that Mo addition does not alter the core “FCC + BCC dual-phase” structure of the coatings but significantly promotes BCC phase formation. Furthermore, Mo refines coating grains via heterogeneous nucleation, suppresses Cu elemental segregation, and enhances microstructural uniformity. In terms of mechanical performance, the Mo-containing coating exhibits higher microhardness and superior performance stability than the Mo-free counterpart, while its wear resistance deteriorates substantially. The wear mechanism transitions from a composite mode of mild abrasive and oxidative wear to a severe composite mode involving abrasive, oxidative, and adhesive wear. The core regulatory mechanism is the “competition between strengthening effects and defect-induced deterioration effects”: positive effects (solid solution strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, and segregation inhibition) moderately enhance hardness. In contrast, negative effects (lattice distortion and reduced crystallinity arising from the significant atomic radius difference between Mo and other elements) dominate, exacerbating oxide film instability and thus impairing wear resistance. This study clarifies the action mechanism of Mo in CoCrCuFeNi coatings, enriches the elemental regulation theory of high-entropy alloy coatings, and provides data support and theoretical references for subsequent composition optimization of high-performance wear-resistant coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"594 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and Characterization of AM60 Magnesium Alloy Matrix Composite Reinforced with Mg–Al–Ni–Cr–Fe High-Entropy Alloy","authors":"G Manikandaraja,&nbsp;Sujith Bobba,&nbsp;Senthil Maharaj Kennedy PSR,&nbsp;K Aruna Prabha","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600124","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the current work the manufacturing, microstructural features, mechanical attributes, and corrosion behavior of an AM60 magnesium alloy reinforced with a Mg–Al–Ni–Cr–Fe high-entropy alloy (HEA) phase are examined. The composite was produced via a stir casting technique setup, ensuring uniform dispersion of HEA particles within the magnesium matrix. Microstructural analysis revealed well-dispersed HEA particles, slight grain refinement, and the formation of intermetallic phases at particle—matrix interfaces. The incorporation of the HEA phase significantly enhanced the material properties such as Vickers micro-hardness increased from 76 HV in the base AM60 alloy to 102 HV in the composite, while the corrosion rate decreased from 10 to 5.84 mm/year. Overall, the microstructural and compositional analyses demonstrate that the addition of the HEA phase effectively enhances particle reinforcement, modifies matrix morphology, and contributes to improved hardness and wear resistance of the AM60–HEA composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"554 - 564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermo-Physical Properties of Borophosphate Glasses with LnF3 Additives (Ln = La, Ce, Nd)","authors":"M. I. Vlasov,&nbsp;V. A. Bykov,&nbsp;T. V. Kulikova,&nbsp;D. A. Kovalenko,&nbsp;D. A. Yagodin,&nbsp;E. D. Vedernikova,&nbsp;M. D. Kisel,&nbsp;D. Yu. Suntsov,&nbsp;A. I. Tuchkova","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600276","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600276","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vitrification is one of the most frequently used approaches for immobilization of radioactive wastes (RAW). For its safe and stable storage the glass matrix into which the wastes were embedded must meet a number of requirements concerning its properties, and thermo-physical properties are of particular importance. In this work we have focused on borophosphate glasses which are prospective materials for vitrification of fluoride RAW from molten salt reactors. The effect of rare-earth fluorides <i>Ln</i>F₃ (<i>Ln</i> = La, Ce, Nd), considered as fission products and stable analogues of actinides, on thermo-physical properties of the glasses was thoroughly studied. The concentration of <i>Ln</i>F₃ additive did not exceed 1.5 mol % because of the formation of crystalline precipitate during glass synthesis. A number of parameters were evaluated: the glass transition temperature (~430°C), the specific heat (~0.85 J/(g K) at 25°C), the thermal diffusivity (~0.34 mm²/s at 25°C), the thermal conductivity (~0.77 W/(m K) at 25°C), the linear thermal expansion coefficient (~16.3 × 10^–6 K^–1 in the 100–300°C range). Kinetics of the glass crystallization process was studied. The glasses containing CeF₃ showed the highest activation energy among the studied glasses, which could be accounted for the possible appearance of Ce(IV) when the cerium ion incorporates from the fluoride environment (in CeF₃) to the oxide one (in the glass matrix). The results obtained could be useful for a practical application of the studied glasses.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"668 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscosity and Density Behaviors of Ga–Ho Melt at High Temperatures","authors":"A. I. Rusanova,&nbsp;L. D. Son,&nbsp;B. A. Rusanov,&nbsp;V. A. Bykov,&nbsp;K. Yu. Shunyaev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525600646","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525600646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this work, density of Ga₉₅Ho₅ alloy was experimentally studied for the first time over a wide temperature range using absolute variant of gamma absorption method and viscosity of its melt was investigated using damped torsional vibrations method (Shvidkovskiy method). The characteristic temperatures of the alloy were determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It has been shown that the melting process involves a number of reactions and the alloy transitions to liquid state at a temperature of 975 K. It is established that Ga₉₅Ho₅ melt is characterized by long-term non-monotonic processes of transition to equilibrium state— relaxation processes with a duration of approximately 200 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"545 - 553"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hardening Characteristics of Magnetite–Anthracite–Calcium Hydroxide Composite Pellets via Carbonation","authors":"MyongJae Kim,&nbsp;JongChol Ri,&nbsp;JongHyok Kim","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526600197","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526600197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the hardening characteristics of magnetite-anthracite-calcium hydroxide composite pellets carbonated at 600°C in a CO₂ atmosphere, with the objective of ensuring adequate mechanical strength for pre-reduction in shaft kilns. During carbonation, Ca(OH)₂ and Fe₃O₄ were transformed into CaCO₃ and Fe₂O₃, respectively. The influence of iron ore particle size on the post-carbonation strength of composite pellets was systematically examined. Results demonstrate that reducing particle size accelerates the carbonation reaction and significantly enhances pellet strength. Specifically, carbonated pellets prepared from conventional magnetite ore exhibited a compressive strength of approximately 262 N/pellet, whereas those fabricated from ultrafine-pulverized ore achieved strengths reaching 800 N/pellet. These findings indicate that ultrafine-pulverized magnetite concentrate, in combination with coal and calcium hydroxide, can be utilized to produce composite pellets suitable for pre-reduction in shaft kilns utilizing waste heat from smelting reduction furnaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"658 - 667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GTN-Based Formability Study of St 12/Al 3105 Two-Layer Sheets in Square Deep Drawing","authors":"N. Givianpour,&nbsp;H. Deilami Azodi,&nbsp;S. Yousefzadeh,&nbsp;S. Mazdak","doi":"10.1134/S0036029525600580","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029525600580","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deep drawing of multi-layer sheets is crucial for the production of lightweight, high-strength components in the automotive and aerospace industries. This study examines the drawing depth of St12/Al 3105 two-layer sheets in square deep drawing through both experimental and numerical approaches. The Gurson–Tvergaard–Needleman (GTN) damage model, implemented via a UMAT subroutine in ABAQUS/CAE, predicts material failure with errors below 1% compared to experimental results. Increasing St12 layer thickness from 0.7 mm to 1.0 mm enhances drawing depth by 14.3%, while the St12-up configuration outperforms Al 3105-up by 9.6%. Strain rate sensitivity has negligible impact due to low strain rates (&lt;0.01 s^–1). The calibrated GTN model optimizes formability by capturing void evolution and stress triaxiality, offering a robust framework for designing defect-free components in lightweight manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 4","pages":"575 - 584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148719165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}