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Influence of the Tool Tilt Angle on the Thermal-Deformation Conditions of Weld Metal Structure Formation during Friction Stir Welding 刀具倾角对搅拌摩擦焊焊缝金属组织形成热变形条件的影响
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700333
V. V. Ovchinnikov, D. M. Bogush, R. B. Reztsov, M. A. Barykin, I. S. Solov’ev
{"title":"Influence of the Tool Tilt Angle on the Thermal-Deformation Conditions of Weld Metal Structure Formation during Friction Stir Welding","authors":"V. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;D. M. Bogush,&nbsp;R. B. Reztsov,&nbsp;M. A. Barykin,&nbsp;I. S. Solov’ev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700333","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of the tool tilt angle during friction stir welding (FSW) of butt joints of 5‑mm‑thick 1565chM alloy sheets is investigated. The welds are estimated using the roughness of the stir zone, tensile tests, microstructure examination, and fracture surface analysis. The results demonstrate that partial contact between the tool shoulder and the surface of the sheets to be welded occurs when the tool is tilted. When the tool tilt angle increases, the heat generation due to friction decreases and the probability of tool wear increases. The grain size in the stir zone increases with the tool tilt angle. When the tool tilt angle increases, the probability of defect formation in the form of microvoids in the root of the joint also increases. The highest strength of the weld metal corresponds to the welding version with no tool tilt. In this case, the relative elongation is 74% of that of the base metal. Fracture surface analysis of tensile test specimens demonstrates ductile fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"231 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Technology for Restoring Bronze Turbocharger Bushings by Electric Resistance Welding of a Woven Metal Mesh 金属编织网电阻焊修复青铜涡轮增压器衬套技术
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S003602952670059X
V. S. Natalenko, G. R. Latypova, R. A. Latypov, M. Alsobh, M. N. Farkhshatov
{"title":"Technology for Restoring Bronze Turbocharger Bushings by Electric Resistance Welding of a Woven Metal Mesh","authors":"V. S. Natalenko,&nbsp;G. R. Latypova,&nbsp;R. A. Latypov,&nbsp;M. Alsobh,&nbsp;M. N. Farkhshatov","doi":"10.1134/S003602952670059X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S003602952670059X","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A challenging current problem is to develop new methods for repairing machine parts, which are inexpensive, technologically advanced, and ensure the operability of restored parts. The use of new types of weldable materials, e.g., metal mesh, opens up wide opportunities for the development of an electric resistance welding (ERW) technology. The purpose of this work is to develop a technology for restoring bronze turbocharger bushings by ERW of a woven metal mesh. Ten bronze bearings are selected as the bushings to be restored. The outer surface of the bearing was restored by ERW of a woven metal mesh made of low-carbon steel with a wire diameter of 0.40 mm and a clear mesh opening of 1.6 mm. The strength of the coating-to-base metal bond is estimated using a method involving shearing of fixed areas. The Vickers microhardness of the samples is measured using a Durascan-20 hardness tester. The features of ERW of a woven metal mesh onto a turbocharger bushing made of bronze are investigated. The microhardness of the BrOTsS555 bronze bushing near the joint zone is shown to be 2.0–2.2 times lower than the microhardness of the woven metal mesh coating. Defects, such as pores, cracks, lack of fusion, and discontinuities, are found to be absent in the coating-to-base metal joint zone. A technology has been developed for restoring worn bronze bushings of domestic and imported automotive and tractor equipment. The wear resistance of the bushing with the coating formed by ERW of a woven metal mesh to BrOTsS555 bronze is found to be five times higher than the wear resistance of the bronze bushing in its initial state. The cost of restoration is 20–30% of the cost of a new part.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"387 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of the Working Environment on the Composition, Properties, and Structure of Tungsten Electroerosion Powders 工作环境对钨电蚀粉末组成、性能和结构的影响
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700631
E. V. Ageeva, G. R. Latypova, D. A. Ulitin, A. E. Andreeva
{"title":"The Influence of the Working Environment on the Composition, Properties, and Structure of Tungsten Electroerosion Powders","authors":"E. V. Ageeva,&nbsp;G. R. Latypova,&nbsp;D. A. Ulitin,&nbsp;A. E. Andreeva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700631","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700631","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on the conducted studies, correlations were established between the composition and properties of the working fluid and the granulometric, elemental, and phase compositions of tungsten powders produced by electroerosion, enabling variation of their properties. It was found that the chemical composition of the working fluid affects the elemental and phase compositions of the resulting metal powders, while the dielectric permittivity of the working fluid affects their particle-size characteristics. In addition, it was established that the presence of oxygen and carbon on the particle surfaces is promoted by the presence of oxygen and carbon in the working fluid, respectively. The formation of W<sub>2</sub>C carbide phases is promoted by electroerosion dispersion in aviation kerosene. It was observed that the average particle size of the tungsten powders decreases with increasing dielectric permittivity of the working medium.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"417 - 423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Friction Stir Spot Welding of Thin 6013T4 Alloy Sheets 6013T4合金薄板的搅拌摩擦点焊
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700321
V. V. Ovchinnikov, P. S. Dmitrashko, D. M. Bogush, A. N. Vasil’ev
{"title":"Friction Stir Spot Welding of Thin 6013T4 Alloy Sheets","authors":"V. V. Ovchinnikov,&nbsp;P. S. Dmitrashko,&nbsp;D. M. Bogush,&nbsp;A. N. Vasil’ev","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700321","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of lap joints of 1‑mm‑thick 6013T4 aluminum alloy sheets is studied. The mechanical properties of the alloy spot joints are shown to depend on the following main welding parameters: the welding time, the tool rotational speed, and the axial tool force. For a welding time of 3 s, the rational ranges for the other welding parameters are as follows: the tool rotational speed is 1000–1800 rpm and the axial tool force is 4300–4500 N. This FSSW regime ensures the formation of spots with a cross-tension failure load of 780 N and a shear failure load of 2280 N. In this case, welding is carried out without cleaning the contacting surfaces of the sheets in the overlap zone. The use of two‑stage FSSW is found to increase the shear failure load by 13% and the cross-tension failure load by 24% compared to the values of the spots formed by conventional FSSW. Resistance spot welding of lap joints of 6013T4 alloy sheets is found to provide the highest mechanical characteristics of welded spots: the shear load is 3806 N and the cross-tension load is 2381 N. This welding process is shown to require thorough surface preparation of sheets for welding, and electrode marks from a welding machine are retained on the sheet surface after welding.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"224 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Modern Additive Technologies of Selective Laser Growth of Metal Powder Articles 金属粉末选择性激光生长的现代增材技术
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700308
A. G. Grigor’yants, K. S. Elizavetskii
{"title":"Modern Additive Technologies of Selective Laser Growth of Metal Powder Articles","authors":"A. G. Grigor’yants,&nbsp;K. S. Elizavetskii","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700308","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main achievements in the development of additive technologies of selective laser melting (SLM) of metal powders for manufacturing high-quality products are discussed. Further directions for the development of growth technologies using alloying of powder metals and producing new composite materials during growth are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"211 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Removal of Harmful Impurities from a Steel Melt during ESR under Various Current Conditions 不同电流条件下电渣重熔钢液中有害杂质的去除
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700382
I. A. Alekseev, I. V. Chumanov
{"title":"Removal of Harmful Impurities from a Steel Melt during ESR under Various Current Conditions","authors":"I. A. Alekseev,&nbsp;I. V. Chumanov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700382","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ESR is definitely the most variable technology for secondary remelting of steels and alloys. Furnaces of this technology have wide possibilities for design modification and the use of fluxes and alloying components to stabilize and adjust the physicomechanical properties and chemical homogeneity of the resulting ingots. Due to its technological flexibility and simplicity, ESR can improve both its productivity and refining ability. The refining ability of ESR in terms of removing harmful impurities and gases changes significantly when the current mode of an ESR furnace changes. When reversed polarity is used, effective desulfurization and deoxidation of a metal are maintained. Effective nitrogen removal is ensured primarily by a slag mode, in which there is a sufficient amount of lightweight nitride-forming components. In addition, it is also important to observe reversed polarity to remove nitrogen ions with a negative oxidation level, similarly to oxygen and sulfur. The use of straight-polarity direct current makes it possible to impart a new property to ESR, namely, hydrogen removal; together with a change in the location of a heat center on the metal bath surface, it improves the technical and economic indicators of ESR technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"251 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of Thermal Barrier Coatings on the Life of Gas Turbine Blades 热障涂层对燃气轮机叶片寿命的影响
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700515
N. V. Abraimov, I. G. Petukhov, V. V. Orekhova, M. S. Zarypov, Yu. A. Gadieva
{"title":"Influence of Thermal Barrier Coatings on the Life of Gas Turbine Blades","authors":"N. V. Abraimov,&nbsp;I. G. Petukhov,&nbsp;V. V. Orekhova,&nbsp;M. S. Zarypov,&nbsp;Yu. A. Gadieva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700515","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700515","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of hot-isostatic-pressed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) on the durability characteristics of gas turbine blades is studied during multicycle mechanical and thermal cycling tests. The hot-isostatic-pressed TBC of the (Ni–Cr–Al–Ta–W–Hf–Si–Y) + ZrO<sub>2</sub>·8% Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> system is shown to meet the thermal cycling life requirements imposed on turbine blades operating at a temperature of 1100°C. To ensure the required thermal cycling life of blades at a temperature of 1150°C, coatings with an increased aluminum reserve of up to 26–27% additionally alloyed with 0.4–0.8% gadolinium are required. The use of hot isostatic pressing for TBCs is shown to provide a significant increase in the fatigue limit of turbine blades by 25–30 MPa. The presence of a TBC ceramic layer 90–120 μm thick is found not to decrease the fatigue limit of turbine blades under high-cycle fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"339 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restoration of Electric Arc Furnace Electrode Holders by Mechanized Arc Surfacing with Bronze Using a Flux-Cored Strip 用带药芯的青铜机械电弧堆焊修复电弧炉电极座
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700497
V. V. Chigarev, V. N. Alistratov, D. A. Zarechenskii, N. A. Pestunova, V. A. Shevchenko
{"title":"Restoration of Electric Arc Furnace Electrode Holders by Mechanized Arc Surfacing with Bronze Using a Flux-Cored Strip","authors":"V. V. Chigarev,&nbsp;V. N. Alistratov,&nbsp;D. A. Zarechenskii,&nbsp;N. A. Pestunova,&nbsp;V. A. Shevchenko","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700497","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The electroerosion resistance of the copper alloys used for the manufacture of current leads for electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is studied. The experimental data demonstrate the efficiency of introducing a complex master alloy into the core of a flux-cored strip. For practical use, a flux-cored strip has been developed to ensure high productivity and the required quality of a deposited defect-free metal. The introduction of the flux-cored strip for industrial surfacing of an EAF electrode holder is shown to increase the wear resistance of the coated product by 1.5 times.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"330 - 333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innovative Development of Small‑Capacity Electric Furnace Steelmaking 小容量电炉炼钢的创新发展
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700473
I. M. Bershitskii, V. V. Vasil’ev, S. A. Kononov, S. V. Orlov
{"title":"Innovative Development of Small‑Capacity Electric Furnace Steelmaking","authors":"I. M. Bershitskii,&nbsp;V. V. Vasil’ev,&nbsp;S. A. Kononov,&nbsp;S. V. Orlov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700473","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700473","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is devoted to the problems of improving the efficiency of electric arc furnaces (EAFs) and ladle furnaces (LFs), primarily small-capacity ones, through the application of new design solutions and low‑frequency power supplies.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"319 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electric Spark Treatment of VT20 Titanium Alloy by T15K6 Hard Alloy T15K6硬质合金对VT20钛合金的电火花处理
IF 0.3
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2026-06-29 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029526700588
E. V. Ageev, A. Yu. Altukhov, N. N. Karpenko, A. E. Ageeva
{"title":"Electric Spark Treatment of VT20 Titanium Alloy by T15K6 Hard Alloy","authors":"E. V. Ageev,&nbsp;A. Yu. Altukhov,&nbsp;N. N. Karpenko,&nbsp;A. E. Ageeva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029526700588","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029526700588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Experimental data for the composition, structure, and properties of electric spark coatings applied on VT20 alloy by means of a sintered powder electrode are presented. The electrode material was prepared using the electrodispersion reprocessing of off-grade tools made of T15K6 hard alloy. It has been shown that the electric spark processing of VT20 alloy by the electrode made of T15K6 alloy changes the composition; structure; and physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of a surface layer, making it possible to apply coatings with improved operational performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2026 2","pages":"382 - 386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148342993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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