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Certification of the Powder Materials Produced by Electrodispersion of a Tungsten-Free TN20 Hard Alloy in Alcohol 无钨TN20硬质合金在酒精中电分散生产粉末材料的认证
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702616
E. V. Ageeva, A. E. Ageeva, L. P. Andreeva
{"title":"Certification of the Powder Materials Produced by Electrodispersion of a Tungsten-Free TN20 Hard Alloy in Alcohol","authors":"E. V. Ageeva,&nbsp;A. E. Ageeva,&nbsp;L. P. Andreeva","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702616","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702616","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on experimental studies aimed at certifying the powder materials produced by electrodispersion of a TN20 tungsten-free hard alloy in alcohol, we have demonstrated a high efficiency of using electroerosion dispersion, which ensures the production of an alloy powder with a uniform distribution of alloying elements that is suitable for the production of cutting tools at low energy consumption. The carbide powder particles produced by electroerosion dispersion of the TN20 hard alloy waste in alcohol are shown to have spherical and elliptical shapes or exist in the form of agglomerates. The volume average particle diameter is 15.28 μm, carbon is detected on the particle surface, and all other elements (Ti, Ni, Mo) are distributed relatively uniformly. The presence of carbon in a working fluid leads to the formation of TiC, Mo<sub>2</sub>C, and TiNi<sub>2</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1466 - 1472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restoration of the Parameters of a Dynamic Arc Model for an Electric Arc Furnace 电弧炉动态电弧模型参数的恢复
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702392
S. M. Nekhamin, A. N. Zhurkin, S. I. Skripnichenko
{"title":"Restoration of the Parameters of a Dynamic Arc Model for an Electric Arc Furnace","authors":"S. M. Nekhamin,&nbsp;A. N. Zhurkin,&nbsp;S. I. Skripnichenko","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702392","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—An approach is proposed to determine the parameters of a mathematical model for the dynamic arc modes in an electric arc furnace (EAF) by considering an arc as an element of an electrical circuit, which converts electrical energy consumed from the supply network into thermal energy for heating the surrounding materials. The steady-state current–voltage characteristic and the time constant of an arc, which are necessary for the model, are restored using a dynamic current–voltage characteristic, which can be set using a priori theoretical data or determined experimentally.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1316 - 1323"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structure and Properties of the Metal Deposited Using a Filler Flux-Cored Powder Wire with Titanium Carbide 碳化钛焊剂芯粉末焊丝沉积金属的结构和性能
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702318
N. V. Kobernik, A. S. Pankratov, Yu. V. Andriyanov, A. G. Orlik, V. V. Aleksandrova, A. L. Galinovskii
{"title":"Structure and Properties of the Metal Deposited Using a Filler Flux-Cored Powder Wire with Titanium Carbide","authors":"N. V. Kobernik,&nbsp;A. S. Pankratov,&nbsp;Yu. V. Andriyanov,&nbsp;A. G. Orlik,&nbsp;V. V. Aleksandrova,&nbsp;A. L. Galinovskii","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702318","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702318","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The influence of a filler powder wire containing titanium carbide in its charge on the structure and properties of metal deposited during arc surfacing in a protective gas environment by a consumable electrode is considered. Titanium carbide is shown to partially transits to the deposited metal to form coarse carbide clusters and to partially dissolve in the deposited metal. The dissolved titanium carbide is shown to form complex carbides of the (Nb,Ti)C type uniformly located in the weld metal volume. The use of the filler wire is found to lead to dissolution of the weld metal by an additive metal, which leads to a decrease in the wear resistance of the deposited coatings. To enhance the service characteristics of the weld metal, it is necessary to correct the electrode wire composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1262 - 1267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Addition for Electric Contact Welding 新增电接触焊接功能
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S003602952470263X
M. Z. Nafikov, R. G. Akhmarov, I. R. Akhmet’yanov, I. I. Zagirov, R. F. Masyagutov, N. M. Yunusbaev
{"title":"New Addition for Electric Contact Welding","authors":"M. Z. Nafikov,&nbsp;R. G. Akhmarov,&nbsp;I. R. Akhmet’yanov,&nbsp;I. I. Zagirov,&nbsp;R. F. Masyagutov,&nbsp;N. M. Yunusbaev","doi":"10.1134/S003602952470263X","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S003602952470263X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Restoration of worn parts by electric contact welding of a perforated steel tape is proposed. A structural indicator for the new addition (perforation coefficient) is introduced, and its rational value has been theoretically determined and experimentally confirmed. The results obtained can be applied for the restoration of the shafts of agricultural machinery.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1477 - 1481"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reactive Interaction in Hf–Nb–B4C and Hf–Nb–B4C–C Systems Hf-Nb-B4C和Hf-Nb-B4C - c体系的反应性相互作用
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702501
A. N. Astapov, V. A. Pogodin, I. V. Sukmanov
{"title":"Reactive Interaction in Hf–Nb–B4C and Hf–Nb–B4C–C Systems","authors":"A. N. Astapov,&nbsp;V. A. Pogodin,&nbsp;I. V. Sukmanov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702501","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702501","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The reactive interaction in Hf–Nb–B<sub>4</sub>C and Hf–Nb–B<sub>4</sub>C–C systems was studied at 1750°C, isothermal holding times of 30 and 60 min, and a residual argon pressure of 100 Pa. Different sequences of the interaction of reactants were found. The HfB<sub>2</sub>, NbB<sub>2</sub>, HfC, and NbC phases are formed in a Hf–Nb–B<sub>4</sub>C system due to the diffusion saturation of Hf and Nb with boron and carbon from B<sub>4</sub>C. The presence of elemental carbon in a Hf–Nb–B<sub>4</sub>C–C system predetermines the primary synthesis of carbides HfC and NbC. The diffusion boronation of carbides from B<sub>4</sub>C occurs along with their formation and results in the formation of borides HfB<sub>2</sub> and NbB<sub>2</sub>. The conclusions are confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1391 - 1399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Technological Plasma Spraying Conditions on the Sprayed Layer Thickness 工艺等离子喷涂条件对喷涂层厚度的影响
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702513
I. N. Kravchenko, Yu. A. Kuznetsov, N. S. Baranova, T. N. Borovik
{"title":"Effect of Technological Plasma Spraying Conditions on the Sprayed Layer Thickness","authors":"I. N. Kravchenko,&nbsp;Yu. A. Kuznetsov,&nbsp;N. S. Baranova,&nbsp;T. N. Borovik","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702513","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Parts of technological machines, complexes, and equipment used in many industries are subjected to various types of mechanical wear, which leads to a significant decrease in their durability and an increase in the maintenance and operation costs. We have identified promising areas for improving the technologies of plasma spraying of wear-resistant coatings. Special attention is paid to the functional layer thickness, since, it exerts a significant effect on the quality of coatings deposited by plasma spraying methods. The purpose of the work is to develop mathematical models to reveal the laws of influence of the technological plasma spraying parameters of wear-resistant coatings on the sprayed functional layer thickness. (Experimental) Grade 45 steel samples are used for experimental studies, and a nickel-based PG-SR4 (PR-NKh17SR4) powder is plasma-sprayed on them. The plasma generator arc current, the spraying distance, and the plasma-forming gas flow rate are used as the main technological plasma spraying parameters. The sprayed coating thickness is measured using standardized equipment. Statistical processing of the coating thicknesses values is carried out using a complete factorial experiment using the Box–Wilson method. (Results and discussion). An experimental mathematical model is developed to describe the plasma spraying of coatings, and its operability is demonstrated. The criteria used to estimate the variance of experiments and the adequacy and significance of the derived regression equations are described. The Statistica program is used to interpret the dependences under study graphically. (Conclusions) Mathematical planning of experiment is applied to develop models to find the relationship between the coating thickness and the specified technological plasma spraying parameters. The results of analysis of the presented analytical dependences show that the coating thickness is most strongly affected by the plasma generator arc current.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1400 - 1404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of the Additive Electric Arc Growing Parameters on the Formation and Geometry of a Product 加性电弧生长参数对产品形状和几何形状的影响
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702458
K. Yu. Trukhanov, A. L. Galinovskii, Yu. G. Golovacheva, P. Yu. Ditkovskii
{"title":"Effect of the Additive Electric Arc Growing Parameters on the Formation and Geometry of a Product","authors":"K. Yu. Trukhanov,&nbsp;A. L. Galinovskii,&nbsp;Yu. G. Golovacheva,&nbsp;P. Yu. Ditkovskii","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702458","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The additive electric arc growing of low-carbon steel products is considered. This process is implemented using affordable and widespread equipment and welding materials. The influence of the process parameters and the protective gas composition on the formation of product geometry is investigated. The travel speed, the wire feed rate, and the number of layers applied in a row without cooling are varied. Protective gas Ar + 2% CO<sub>2</sub> or 100% Ar is used as a protective atmosphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1357 - 1364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Competitive Advantages of the Leading Countries in the Modern World Steelmaking 现代世界主要炼钢国家的竞争优势
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702641
S. V. Bogdanov, S. Yu. Nechaev, V. V. Lobachev, T. V. Bogdanova
{"title":"Competitive Advantages of the Leading Countries in the Modern World Steelmaking","authors":"S. V. Bogdanov,&nbsp;S. Yu. Nechaev,&nbsp;V. V. Lobachev,&nbsp;T. V. Bogdanova","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702641","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The business activity development in 17 leading countries of modern steelmaking has been studied and identified along with an assessment of the divergent trends in their macroeconomic indicators. It has been shown that within the examined strategic group of these countries, a complex and ambiguous competitive situation has developed in the market economic relations of the metallurgy and banking sectors of the global market. A high market concentration in the steel sector and a noticeable increase in market concentration in the sectors for banking assets and gross domestic product have been noted. A concept has been developed to categorize countries into three groups based on active, stable, and variable average options for conducting business activities. A methodology has been employed to calculate the integral and relative coefficients reflecting the deviation of the maximum values from the arithmetic mean indicators for steelmaking, banking assets, and gross domestic product in these countries during the period from 2009 to 2021. The calculations performed and the results obtained allowed for the identification of competitive advantages and the assessment of potential mutually beneficial cooperation options between industrially developed countries. Additionally, opportunities to enhance the competitiveness of the production and economic activities of specific countries have been identified and refined, significantly enriching the overall understanding of the economic situation in these countries and specifying the prospects for their further development in the global market. It is recommended to use the developed methodology for assessing and forecasting the development of the competitive advantages of industrially developed countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1482 - 1487"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bulk and Surface Hydrogenation Kinetics and Structure Formation in a VT22 Titanium Alloy VT22钛合金体积和表面氢化动力学及结构形成
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702549
S. V. Skvortsova, A. V. Shalin, O. N. Gvozdeva, A. S. Stepushin, G. T. Zainetdinova
{"title":"Bulk and Surface Hydrogenation Kinetics and Structure Formation in a VT22 Titanium Alloy","authors":"S. V. Skvortsova,&nbsp;A. V. Shalin,&nbsp;O. N. Gvozdeva,&nbsp;A. S. Stepushin,&nbsp;G. T. Zainetdinova","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702549","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The hydrogenation kinetics of a two-phase VT22 titanium alloy (Ti–5.5Al–4.3V–4.2Mo–0.8Cr–0.8Fe) is investigated depending on saturation conditions. This study demonstrates that the depth of hydrogen penetration and the completeness of the α → β transformation can be varied by controlling the concentration and time parameters of hydrogenation annealing. Furthermore, the state of the alloy can be altered from a two-phase (α + β) to a single-phase β state. Barrier coatings can be employed to regulate the direction of hydrogen penetration, thereby creating a unidirectional gradient structure. The hydrogen penetration depth of unidirectional surface hydrogenation is shown to be 1 mm greater than that of equidirectional surface hydrogenation. The rate of hydrogen absorption is found to be 1.2 times lower during surface unidirectional hydrogenation than during volumetric hydrogenation. Furthermore, the hydrogen content in the surface layer is 0.2 wt % higher than the hydrogen concentration per sample volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1416 - 1422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-Level Ultrasonic Cleaning of the Hidden Cavities of a Heat-Exchange Unit Produced by Additive Technology 用增材制造的换热装置内隐腔的两级超声清洗
IF 0.4
Russian Metallurgy (Metally) Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1134/S0036029524702331
Yu. D. Koziner, D. A. Kravtsov, A. A. Pozhidaev, A. A. Basov, S. V. Evstratov
{"title":"Two-Level Ultrasonic Cleaning of the Hidden Cavities of a Heat-Exchange Unit Produced by Additive Technology","authors":"Yu. D. Koziner,&nbsp;D. A. Kravtsov,&nbsp;A. A. Pozhidaev,&nbsp;A. A. Basov,&nbsp;S. V. Evstratov","doi":"10.1134/S0036029524702331","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036029524702331","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method of two-level ultrasonic cleaning, its implementation, and equipment are considered. Experimental results are presented, and the efficiency of using this type of cleaning for post-processing of the internal surfaces of an aluminum alloy heat exchanger produced by selective laser melting is estimated.</p>","PeriodicalId":769,"journal":{"name":"Russian Metallurgy (Metally)","volume":"2024 6","pages":"1274 - 1277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143622113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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