Aris Spathis, Christine Kottaridi, John Georgoulakis, Periklis Foukas, Ioannis Panayiotides, George Peros, Petros Karakitsos
{"title":"Cell cycle analysis of colorectal brushings collected in liquid-based cytology.","authors":"Aris Spathis, Christine Kottaridi, John Georgoulakis, Periklis Foukas, Ioannis Panayiotides, George Peros, Petros Karakitsos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the possibility of robust cell cycle analysis from liquid-based cytology samples.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Brushings were obtained after surgical resection of tumor samples. For each patient, one brushing sample was obtained from the macroscopically identified tumor, and a matched sample from a distant normal-appearing site. Cell suspensions were prepared for a time course series of experiments and from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Optimal results could be obtained when the sample was analyzed on the day of collection, whereas cell cycle analysis could be easily performed when cells were stored in a methanol-water solution for < 3 days, with a small penalty on coefficiency of variation (CV) values. Further storage in liquid-based medium had a profound effect on cell cycle analysis. CV values of liquid-based medium out-performed those obtained from samples that were paraffin embedded. Aneuploidy was more common in men and from samples from the left colon. Near diploid cell populations were more common in samples from the right colon.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Liquid-based cytology fixation and preservation media that are methanol-based could serve as an ancillary collection medium, providing cell cycle data for colorectal carcinoma samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"29-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Consistency of histomorphometric measurements of normal oral epithelium subjected to variations in routine tissue processing.","authors":"Kiran Kumar, M Ram Manohar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time and the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of varying ages.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The study consisted of two parts. The first part examined the effect of formalin fixation time on histomorphometry by changing the fixation time. The second part looked at the the effect of the age of processing solutions on histomorphometry by processing tissues in solutions of different ages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In first part of the study, cytoplasmic expansion was observed between 24 hours and 1 week of fixation, followed by shrinkage thereafter. The nuclear area showed progressive shrinkage from 24 hours to 1 month. In second part of the study, tissues processed in fresh solution showed more shrinkage than tissues processed in used solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It is important to be aware of changes in histomorphometric values resulting from a variable fixation period and age of processing solutions. It is also important to standardize the histomorphometric procedure or take into account the effect of factors that influence morphometric values to minimize the errors due to the same.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"12-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celina Faig Lima, Sabrina Ferreira Pinotti Leite, Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho, Luiz Antonio Guimarães Cabral, Ivan Balducci, Janete Dias Almeida
{"title":"Cytokeratin profile in exfoliative cytology of smokers.","authors":"Celina Faig Lima, Sabrina Ferreira Pinotti Leite, Yasmin Rodarte Carvalho, Luiz Antonio Guimarães Cabral, Ivan Balducci, Janete Dias Almeida","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the expression of cytokeratins (CKs) 6, 16, 19 and pan-cytokeratin (PAN) in oral mucosa cells between smokers and nonsmokers to determine the proliferative activity and expression indicative of a potential for malignant transformation.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Smears were obtained from the left lateral border of the tongue with a cytobrush from 25 smokers and 20 nonsmokers seen at the clinics of São José dos Campos Dental School, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil, and processed for immunohistochemistry. Conventional microscopy was used for qualitative analysis. Proportions were compared statistically by the z-test and Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of CK6 (p = 0.002), CK16 (p = 0.003), CK19 (p = 0.0001) and PAN (p = 0.008) was higher in oral mucosa smears from smokers compared to nonsmokers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of CK6 and CK16 demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation in the oral mucosa of smokers, and expression of CK19 indicated alterations in epithelial maturation. The expression of PAN indicates the need for the investigation of other types of CK in further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pauline Po Yee Lui, Grace Ho, Yuk Wa Lee, Po Yan Ho, Wing Nin Lo, Chun Kwong Lo
{"title":"Validation of a histologic scoring system for the examination of quality of tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.","authors":"Pauline Po Yee Lui, Grace Ho, Yuk Wa Lee, Po Yan Ho, Wing Nin Lo, Chun Kwong Lo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and validate a histologic scoring system for the assessment of tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The scoring system, tendon-bone tunnel healing (TBTH) score, comprised 5 items on graft status,fiber type and interface connectivity, evaluated on either a 5- or 6-point scale. Two observers were trained to use the scoring system, examining 15 blinded histologic slides from an ongoing study. Afterward, an independent validation dataset consisting of 89 blinded histologic slides from the same study of different time points, tunnel positions and bone tunnels were scored for validity and reliability. Interrater and intrarater reliabilities were calculated. The sum was validated by the time-dependent change of healing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of the scoring system were high, with weighted K of 0.90-0.99 (all p < 0.001) and 0.84-0.94 (all p < 0.001), respectively, for different items. The sum of score increased significantly with time at different segments of both tunnels (all p < 0.05), consistent with the process of tunnel healing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TBTH score is a reliable, valid measure for evaluating the histologic outcome of tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in ACL reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"36-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ricardo González-Cámpora, Mario Díaz Delgado, Alicia Hernández Amate, Sofía Pereira Gallardo, María Sánchez León, Antonio López Beltrán
{"title":"Old and new immunohistochemical markers for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.","authors":"Ricardo González-Cámpora, Mario Díaz Delgado, Alicia Hernández Amate, Sofía Pereira Gallardo, María Sánchez León, Antonio López Beltrán","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are generally CD117-positive and KIT or PDGFRA mutation-driven mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, probably originating in interstitial cells of Cajal or related precursors. CD117 is the best diagnostic marker for GISTs, but 5-10% are negative. Staining pattern may be cytoplasmic, membrane, and paranuclear (Golgi pattern). PDGFRA expression can be located in the cytoplasm, membrane, and paranuclear region (Golgi pattern), but the lack of specificity, ubiquity of the staining, and technical problems have pushed it a second plane. In GISTs, the staining pattern of PKCO is cytoplasmic, diffuse, and granular, although a Golgi pattern may be seen. Global expression varies. The staining pattern of DOG1 varies from cytoplasmic to membranous, with usually strong, diffuse intensity. The positivity rate is almost identical in some series to CD117 positivity. Currently, it is considered the most specific and sensitive marker for GIST. The current panel for GIST includes CD117, smooth muscle actin, CD34, desmin, and S-100. Some authors also include PDGFRA, PKC0, and DOG1. The last two can be of value in a subset of GISTs, mainly in CD117-negative cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nandan Kumar Mondal, Debangshu Das, Bidisha Mukherjee, Manas Ranjan Ray
{"title":"Upregulation of AgNOR expression in epithelial cells and neutrophils in the airways and leukocytes in peripheral blood of women chronically exposed to biomass smoke.","authors":"Nandan Kumar Mondal, Debangshu Das, Bidisha Mukherjee, Manas Ranjan Ray","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the impact of indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use on ribosome biogenesis in airway cells and peripheral blood leukocytes using the argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining technique.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Biomass users were represented by 78 never-smoking, premenopausal women from rural India and a control group of 73 age-matched women who cooked with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). For silver staining, exfoliated airway cells and circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils were obtained from expectorated sputum and venous blood smears, respectively. Particulate pollution in indoor air was measured by real-time aerosol monitor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the controls, a statistically significant increase was observed in mean number of AgNOR dots per nucleus, their size, and the percentage of NOR-occupied nuclear area in exfoliated airway epithelial cells, airway neutrophils, and circulating lymphocytes and neutrophils of biomass users. Biomass-using households had 2 to 4 times more particulate pollutants than that of LPG-using households; the changes in AgNOR expression, especially in proliferating basal cells, were positively associated with PM10 and PM2.5 levels in indoor air after controlling potential confounders such as age, kitchen location, and family income.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Indoor air pollution from biomass fuel use upregulates ribosome biogenesis in both the airways and peripheral blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"50-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesc Alameda, Lara Pijuan, Belen Lloveras, Imma Soler, Emilia Romero, Ramon Carreras, Sergio Serrano
{"title":"Automated screening of gynecologic cytology: a comparison of results.","authors":"Francesc Alameda, Lara Pijuan, Belen Lloveras, Imma Soler, Emilia Romero, Ramon Carreras, Sergio Serrano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the results among conventional gynecologic cytology liquid-based cytology and manual screening and liquid-based cytology automatically screened.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The results of 53,311 cervicovaginal samples, corresponding to 53,311 women of Barcelona, Spain are reviewed. The cases are subdivided into 19,742 conventional cervicovaginal samples; 17,596 liquid-based cytology, manually screened samples; and 15,973 liquid-based automated-screened samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The automated screening increases the atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion detection, in respect to liquid-based, manual screening and conventional cytology. In the follow-up, automated screening increases the diagnosis of squamous intraepithelial lesion (low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Automated screening increases detection of all categories and increases the specificity for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"33 1","pages":"25-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30288985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Niels Halama, Inka Zoernig, Anna Spille, Sara Michel, Matthias Kloor, Silke Grauling-Halama, Kathi Westphal, Peter Schirmacher, Dirk Jäger, Niels Grabe
{"title":"Quantification of prognostic immune cell markers in colorectal cancer using whole slide imaging tumor maps.","authors":"Niels Halama, Inka Zoernig, Anna Spille, Sara Michel, Matthias Kloor, Silke Grauling-Halama, Kathi Westphal, Peter Schirmacher, Dirk Jäger, Niels Grabe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze intratumoral heterogeneity of immune cells and the resulting impact of heterogeneity on the level of individual patient prediction.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Using whole slide imaging by virtual microscopy, we present the first spatial quantitative study of immune cells in a set of colorectal cancer primary tumors. We generated \"tumor maps\" based on cell densities in fields of 1 mm2, visualizing intratumoral heterogeneity. In this example, cutoffs of marker-based cell stains identified by tissue microarray (TMA) led to ambiguous decisions in 11 of the 20 patients studied. Classic TMA analysis can be used in large patient cohorts to generate clinically significant predictors. The transfer of these predictors from large-scale TMA to individualized predictions thus far has not been investigated. In colorectal cancer, TMA-based quantitative immune cell counts using immune cell surface molecules (CD3, CD8, Granzyme B, and CD45RO) have been shown to be potentially better predictors for patient survival than the classical TNM system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results make clear that for individualized prognostic evaluations, whole slide imaging by virtual microscopy is irreplaceable during identification of prognostic markers as well as in their subsequent application.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the future, spatial marker signatures could contribute to individual patient classifiers.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"32 6","pages":"333-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29784400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swaroop S Singh, Michael J Ray, Warren Davis, James R Marshall, Wael A Sakr, James L Mohler
{"title":"Manual and automated systems in the analysis of images from prostate tissue microarray cores.","authors":"Swaroop S Singh, Michael J Ray, Warren Davis, James R Marshall, Wael A Sakr, James L Mohler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare manual and automated image analysis systems in morphologic analysis of nuclei from benign prostate, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (CaP). Morphologic features derived using automated image analysis systems may be more objective and reproducible than manual systems, which require humans to segment nuclei from histologic images.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Images of hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of prostate tissue microarray were analyzed independently using the automated and manual systems. Mean optical density (MOD), nuclear area (NA), and nuclear roundness factor (NRF) were the morphologic features studied. The ability to differentiate between tissue types using morphologic features derived from an automated and a manual system was compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nuclei from 17 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), 4 HGPIN, and 8 aggressive CaP were analyzed. The manual system distinguished better between BPH and HGPIN (p < 0.0001), whereas the automated system distinguished better between BPH and CaP (p = 0.01) in multivariate models. The manual system distinguished better BPH and HGPIN using NA (p < 0.0001) and MOD (p < 0.0001), whereas the automated system distinguished better BPH and CaP using MOD (p < 0.0001) and NRF (p = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The minimal human effort required for automated image analysis makes it superior to the manual system.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"32 6","pages":"311-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29784397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J Ray, Swaroop S Singh, Warren Davis, William E McCann, James L Mohler, James R Marshall
{"title":"Variability in visual segmentation of digitized prostate tissue microarray cores.","authors":"Michael J Ray, Swaroop S Singh, Warren Davis, William E McCann, James L Mohler, James R Marshall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine bias associated with human-interactive semi-automated systems key components with machine vision used in quantitative histometry.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A standard image set of 20 images was created using 5 nuclei sampled from hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections of benign tissue within a prostate tissue microarray that were rotated through the cardinal directions. Four trained technicians performed segmentation of these images at the start, then at the end, of 3 daily sessions, creating a total analytic set of 480 observations. Measurements of nuclear area (NA), nuclear roundness factor (NRF), and mean optical density (MOD) were compared by segmenter, time, and rotational orientation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NA varied significantly among sessions (p < 0.0009) and session variance differed within segmenter (p < 0.0001). NRF was significant among segmenters (p < 0.001) and sessions (p < 0.0001), and in session (p < 0.0001) and intra-session differences (p = 0.026). Differences in MOD varied among sessions (p < 0.0001) and within sessions (p < 0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Imaging systems remain vulnerable to statistical inter-segmenter variation, in spite of extensive efforts to eliminate variation among individual segmenters. As statistical significance often guides decision-making in morphometric analysis, statistically significant effects potentially produce bias. Current practices and quality assurance methods require review to eliminate individual operator effects in semiautomated machine systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"32 6","pages":"301-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29784396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}