Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology最新文献

{"title":"Spectrum of prostatic nonepithelial tumors and tumorlike conditions with spindle cell features.","authors":"Roberta Mazzucchelli,&nbsp;Marina Scarpelli,&nbsp;Antonio Lopez-Beltran,&nbsp;Liang Cheng,&nbsp;Rodolfo Montironi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There exists a wide and heterogeneous spectrum of spindle cell lesions that can originate from the prostatic stroma. This includes benign and malignant neoplasms as well as tumorlike conditions. Their diagnosis in small biopsy specimens is often difficult because of the potential for sampling error. The utility of ancillary studies, including immunohistochemistry, is often limited and the main criteria for diagnosis are the morphologic findings by routine hematoxylin and eosin stain.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"139-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear morphometry in the differential diagnosis of eosinophilic renal epithelial tumors.","authors":"Ayhan Ozcan,&nbsp;Bulent Kurt,&nbsp;Yildirim Karslioglu,&nbsp;Ali Hakan Cermik,&nbsp;Alp Bilal Firat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the potential contribution of nuclear morphometry to the differential diagnosis of renal epithelial tumors with eosinophilic cytoplasm, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC), the eosinophilic variant of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (EoRCC), and oncocytoma.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A total of 24 tumor tissue samples diagnosed as ChRCC, the EoRCC, or oncocytoma constituted our series. Eight geometric features such as nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, and circular form factor were measured and compared among the groups.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>On the basis of nuclear morphometry, measurements of eight geometric features significantly differ among these problematic eosinophilic renal epithelial neoplasms (p < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Because of their different biologic behaviors, the exact discrimination of the renal epithelial tumors with eosinophilic cytoplasm is crucial. However, this distinction can sometimes be problematic even for highly experienced pathologists. Our results suggest that the morphometric nuclear shape descriptors may be used as an ancillary method in their differential diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"145-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Color deconvolution. Optimizing handling of 3D unitary optical density vectors with polar coordinates.","authors":"Gilbert Bigras","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Color deconvolution relies on determination of unitary optical density vectors (OD(3D)) derived from pure constituent stains initially defined as intensity vectors in RGB space. OD(3D) can be defined in polar coordinates (phi, theta, radius); always being equal to one, radius can be ignored. Easier handling of unitary optical density 2D vectors (OD(2D)) is shown.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>OD(2D) pure stains used in anatomical pathology were assessed as centroid values (phi, theta) with a measure of variance: inertia based on arc lengths between centroid value and sampled points. These variables were plotted on a stereographic projection plane. In order to assess pure stains OD(2D), different methods of sampling RGB pixels were tested and compared: (2) direct sampling of nuclei from preparations using (a) composite H&E and (b) hematoxylin only and (2) for any pure stain RGB image, different associated 8-bit masks (saturation, brightness and RGB average) were used for sampling and compared. Behaviors of phi, theta and inertia were obtained by moving threshold in 8-bit mask histograms. Phi and theta stability were tested against variable light intensity during image acquisition and by using 2 different image acquisition systems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The more saturated RGB pixels are, the more stable phi, theta and inertia values are obtained. Different commercial hematoxylins have distinct OD(2D) characteristics. UltraView DAB stain shows high inertia and is angularly closer to usual counterstains than ultraView Red stain, which also has a lower inertia. Superior accuracy is expected from the latter stain. Phi and theta OD(2D) values are sensitive to light intensity variation, to the used imaging system and to the used objectives. An ImageJ plugin was designed to plot and interactively modify OD(2D) values with instant update of color deconvolution allowing heuristic segmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilization of polar OD(2D) eases statistical characterization of OD(3D) vectors: conditions of optimal sampling were demonstrated and various factors influencing OD(2D) stability were explored. Stereographic projection plane allows intuitive visualization of OD(3D) vectors as well as heuristic vectorial modification. All findings are not restricted to anatomical pathology but can be applied to bright field microscopy and subtractive color applications in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"149-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for quantitative assessment of Ki67 distribution in preneoplastic bronchial epithelial lesions.","authors":"Mehrnoush Khojasteh,&nbsp;Timon P H Buys,&nbsp;Jean LeRiche,&nbsp;Stephen Lam,&nbsp;Martial Guillaud,&nbsp;Calum MacAulay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Deregulated cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, and Ki67 immunostaining can be used to identify proliferating cells. Evaluation of cell proliferation may have utility as a biomarker of epithelial malignant transformation risk. To date, most analyses of Ki67 staining have been restricted to semiquantitative estimations of the degree of staining or the measurement of the fraction of Ki67-positive cells within the epithelium. We sought to develop a robust, objective means of quantitatively evaluating Ki67 immunostaining for lung precancerous lesions.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We quantified the spatial distribution of Ki67-expressing cells within the epithelium by means of (1) a cell-based Voronoi tessellation and (2) a basement membrane-referenced distance transform. This was undertaken in a large cohort of 613 lung biopsy sections representing normal, hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and mild, moderate and severe dysplasia. For each section 21 features quantifying different aspects of the Ki67 staining were calculated. Intraobserver and inter-observer variation were recorded for a subset of the biopsy sections. We examined the behavior of each feature with respect to histopathological grade.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These measures demonstrated that proliferation is generally limited to layers 2, 3 and 4 of the epithelium (layer 1 being the basal layer). The proliferation in the basal layer is limited and does not increase with increasing grade of dysplasia. Interobserver and intraobserver effects on these features were assessed, and several were more robust with respect to measuring Ki67 expression pattern than the commonly used fraction of Ki67-positive cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Many of these quantitative features showed associations with histological grade that were as strong as the association that exists based on the fraction of Ki67-positive cells while being much more robust to interobserver- and intraobserver-associated variations. The measured spatial distribution of proliferating cells statistically demonstrated asymmetric cell division behavior in cells in the basal layer, a pattern attributed to stem cells giving rise to transient amplifying cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"120-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronuclei and other nuclear anomalies in buccal mucosa following exposure to X-ray radiation.","authors":"Priya Thomas,&nbsp;Pratibha Ramani,&nbsp;Priya Premkumar,&nbsp;Anuja Natesan,&nbsp;Herald J Sherlin,&nbsp;Thiruvengadam Chandrasekar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate DNA damage and cellular death in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from healthy individuals following dental X-ray exposure, to compare effects of different types of radiographic techniques using the buccal cytome assay and to standardize the staining procedure.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This study comprised 90 patients, categorized into 3 groups subjected to intraoral periapical radiography, conventional orthopantomogram and digital orthopantomogram X-ray exposure. Exfoliated oral mucosa cells were collected immediately before the X-ray and 10 days later and stained using DNA-specific stains and nonspecific DNA stains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated no statistically significant differences in micronucleated cells before and after dental X-ray exposure. On the other hand, X-ray exposure did increase other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, such as karyorrhexis, pyknosis and karyolysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data indicate that dental radiography may not induce chromosomal damage, but it is able to promote cytotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"161-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification and grading of noninvasive and invasive neoplasms of the urothelium.","authors":"Roberta Mazzucchelli,&nbsp;Liang Cheng,&nbsp;Antonio Lopez-Beltran,&nbsp;Marina Scarpelli,&nbsp;Rodolfo Montironi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classification and grading of the noninvasive, intraepithelial neoplasms of the urothelium are based on the morphological pattern of growth, i.e., papillary and flat (and endophytic), and on their degree of architectural and cytologic abnormalities. Recent advances in the morphological, molecular and quantitative evaluation of these lesions have contributed to the refinement of the current classification and grading schemes. However, some controversies on the precise criteria and terminology, especially when the papillary lesions are concerned, are still present.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 3","pages":"111-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30936696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maspin expression is a favorable prognostic factor in non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Rossana Berardi,&nbsp;Alfredo Santinelli,&nbsp;Azzurra Onofri,&nbsp;Alessandro Brunelli,&nbsp;Chiara Pierantoni,&nbsp;Eleonora Pisa,&nbsp;Alessandra Pagliacci,&nbsp;Daniela Stramazzotti,&nbsp;Lina Zuccatosta,&nbsp;Paola Mazzanti,&nbsp;Armando Sabbatini,&nbsp;Stefano Gasparini,&nbsp;Italo Bearzi,&nbsp;Stefano Cascinu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate prognostic impact of maspin expression in patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>From 1996 to 2001, 439 patients underwent radical surgery for NSCLC at the Polytechnic University of the Marche Region. Maspin expression was detected as cytoplasmic and nuclear staining of neoplastic cells. For cytoplasmic staining, cases were classified as negative, low positive, and high positive. In positive cases, intensity of staining was also considered and scored. A similar classification was used for nuclear staining, but intensity was not considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis showed that smoking history, pathologic stage of disease, N status, histologic grading, sex, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status had a prognostic impact on overall survival (OS). Expression of maspin was also found to be an independent prognostic factor. A statistically significant longer OS was seen in patients with higher compared with lower expression of nuclear maspin, and poorer OS was present in patients with a higher intensity of cytoplasmic staining. Nuclear expression of maspin was also found to be an independent prognostic factor at multivariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results suggest that overexpression of maspin correlates with favorable prognosis in NSCLC. and may be a useful clinical marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 2","pages":"72-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30632996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopontin expression in chronic plaque psoriasis: an association with the severity of disease.","authors":"Asmaa Gaber Abdou,&nbsp;Shawky El Farargy,&nbsp;Iman Seleit,&nbsp;Azaa Gaber Antar,&nbsp;Mohammed Elhefny,&nbsp;Nada Farag Elnaidany","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the possible role of osteopontin (OPN) in chronic plaque psoriasis and understand the role of inflammation in psoriasis.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We investigated 36 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis using immunohistochemical technique for evaluation of OPN immunolocalization compared to normal skin biopsies of 10 normal subjects representing the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OPN was expressed in the epidermis of all specimens, both in the psoriasis group and the control group without any significant differences except for the tendency of psoriatic lesions to show more cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern of OPN staining (55.56%) compared to normal skin (20%). Epidermal strong and diffuse immunostaining of OPN was associated with the severity of psoriasis, and there was a correlation of the intensity of OPN expression with the density of the dermal inflammatory infiltrate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study suggests that OPN is involved in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, and a possible association with disease severity. OPN acts by different mechanisms through its expression by lesional keratinocytes, inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells. Nuclear localization of OPN may have a more significant role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 2","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30632997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell proliferation and apoptosis in prostate needle biopsies with adenocarcinoma Gleason score 6 or 7.","authors":"Antonio Lopez-Beltran,&nbsp;Liang Cheng,&nbsp;Ana Blanca,&nbsp;Rodolfo Montironi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze whether cell proliferation and apoptotic indexes in needle biopsies with prostate cancer Gleason 6 or 7 can identify more objectively Gleason score 6 or 7 in needle biopsy samples.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Seventy patients diagnosed by needle biopsy and treated by radical prostatectomy were included. Fifty cases were Gleason score 6 and 20 were Gleason 7. Twenty-two cases were organ-confined and 48 nonorgan-confined. Histologic sections from needle biopsies were stained for cell proliferation using the MIB 1 (Ki67) antibody and in situ end-labeling technique for apoptosis and recorded as the percentage of positive cells. Statistical analysis included Student's t-test, Pearson's test, and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found increased apoptotic and proliferation indexes from Gleason 6 to 7, and from organ-confined to non-organ-confined. Apoptotic index was not associated to stage or Gleason score. We identified an association between cell proliferation and Gleason score indicating that higher proliferation index is associated with a higher probability of presenting a Gleason score 7. There was no association between pathologic stage and cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cell proliferation and apoptosis can distinguish a subset of aggressive lesions in needle biopsies with Gleason 6 or 7 prostate adenocarcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 2","pages":"61-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30632994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From biopsy to active surveillance in small renal masses: is it feasible?","authors":"Alessandra Filosa,&nbsp;Andrea Fabiani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76995,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","volume":"34 2","pages":"109-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30631952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}