American Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Pandanus plastomes decoded: When climate mirrors morphology and phylogenetic relationships","authors":"John M. A. Wojahn,&nbsp;Martin W. Callmander,&nbsp;Sven Buerki","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16461","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pandanus</i> Parkinson (Pandanaceae) is a large genus of paleotropical tree-like monocots. Previous studies using small DNA regions questioned the monophyly of the seven <i>Pandanus</i> subgenera, but low phylogenetic branch support hindered further investigations. We aimed to (1) test <i>Pandanus</i> subgeneric monophyly, (2) identify clade morphological synapomorphies, (3) investigate correlations between leaf anatomy of water storage tissue and climatic differentiation across clades, and (4) construct hypotheses on the genus' spatiotemporal history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sequenced 50 <i>Pandanus</i> species using genome skimming and reconstructed plastomes with MITObim. We inferred partitioned RAxML phylogenetic trees to test subgeneric monophyly using Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests. We inferred a partitioned dated BEAST phylogenetic tree used for ancestral state reconstructions of morphological traits. Phylogenetic clades were used to compare climatic (Bioclim) and soil (UNESCO Digital Soil Map) conditions using random forests. We correlated present morphology and climatic niche with past climate events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our phylogenetic analyses revealed two clades and four subclades. Only subgenus <i>Coronata</i> was monophyletic. Staminate synapomorphies were identified for three subclades. Hypertrophied and hyperplasic water-storage tissue was a synapomorphy for clade II, correlating with more seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes and more well-draining soil. Clades differentiated during the advent of the Southeast Asian monsoon in the early Miocene, whereas subclades differentiated during the Miocene Thermal Maximum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pandanus</i> subgeneric classification needs to be revised. Hypertrophied hyperplasic water-storage tissue is a key trait in <i>Pandanus</i> evolution, possibly explaining climatic and biogeographic patterns because it is key to maintaining photosynthesis during periods of hydric stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changing biodiversity of the Arctic flora in the Anthropocene","authors":"Paul T. Markley,&nbsp;Collin P. Gross,&nbsp;Barnabas H. Daru","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plants of the circumpolar Arctic occupy a dynamic system that has been shaped by glacial cycles and climate change on evolutionary timescales. Yet rapid climatic change can compromise the floristic diversity of the tundra, and the ecological and evolutionary changes in the Arctic from anthropogenic forces remain understudied. In this review, we synthesize knowledge of Arctic floral biodiversity across the entirety of the region within the context of its climatic history. We present critical gaps and challenges in modeling and documenting the consequences of anthropogenic changes for Arctic flora, informed by data from the Late Quaternary (~20 ka). We found that previous forecasts of Arctic plant responses to climate change indicate widespread reductions in habitable area with increasing shrub growth and abundance as a function of annual temperature increase. Such shifts in the distribution and composition of extant Arctic flora will likely increase with global climate through changes to the carbon cycle, necessitating a unified global effort in conserving these plants. More data and research on the continuity of tundra communities are needed to firmly assess the risk climate change poses to the Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbaria as critical resources for studying plant-virus biodiversity and epidemiology","authors":"Elizabeth M. Lombardi,&nbsp;Hannah E. Marx","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the wake of a virus-mediated global health crises, research has rightfully focused on monitoring zoonotic viruses, particularly those that are emerging or novel in human populations (Baker et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Viruses that infect plants are also worthy candidates for research investment and, depending on host outcomes, epidemiological action (Anderson et al., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Naidu, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Jones et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). While not all viruses are pathogenic (Roossinck, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Takahashi et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), crop diseases caused by viral symbionts undermine food and economic security worldwide (Bos, &lt;span&gt;1982&lt;/span&gt;; Sastry and Zitter, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Trębicki and Finlay, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Rao and Reddy, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), and the consequences of viruses on plant biodiversity and ecosystems are understudied (Kamitani et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Naidu, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lefeuvre et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Better data regarding spatiotemporal patterns in plant-virus distributions is a prerequisite for understanding how viruses move, change, and emerge as threats to food and ecosystem security.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One way that temporal trends in virus biodiversity may be studied is through use of natural history collections (Cook et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Thompson et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), which offer the opportunity to retrospectively characterize host–virus interactions, thus building a baseline to which contemporary analyses may be compared. Similarly, Cook et al. (&lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) demonstrate the potential benefit of using historical host specimens to efficiently survey for virus diversity across taxa and environments. This work, like most specimen-based research into historical virus diversity, focused on animal hosts. Here we discuss opportunities that would arise from utilizing plant collections in a similar fashion; while the practical and technical details of isolating plant-associated viruses from historical tissue differ from methods for other taxonomic groups, the benefits to research and disease management would be similar and numerous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are multiple possible virus isolate types that may be useful in studying historical plant virus communities, including agricultural isolates and “forgotten” frozen tissue specimens collected by academic and agricultural researchers (Jones et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). We discuss pros and cons of using different tissue sources and conclude that usefulness of whole-host data from herbarium specimens justifies investment in development and research. Our objectives in this commentary are to (1) review and compare current resources and approaches available for studying plant-associated virus diversity in the context of natural history and (2) outline steps to improve global plant-virus biodiversity monitoring and preservation going forward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plant viruses are ubiquitous across host taxa and environments, but little is known regardi","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal acclimation of tree species in a tropical Andean city: Exploring the role of species origin and thermal niche","authors":"María Cuervo-Gómez,&nbsp;Luz Marina Melgarejo,&nbsp;Beatriz Salgado-Negret","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16462","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16462","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The warmer and drier atmospheric conditions of urban environments challenge plant performance to different extents based on a species' ability to acclimate to the conditions. We evaluated the influence of species origin and thermal niche on the acclimation of leaf traits and shifts in the occupation of the functional trait space of 10 tree species growing in two environmentally contrasting sites in Bogotá, Colombia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We measured six leaf traits per species in both sites and used generalized linear models to evaluate the influence of origin and thermal niche on acclimation of leaf traits and <i>t</i>-tests to analyze shifts in the occupation of the functional trait space.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Species origin predicted thermal tolerance and morphological trait acclimation to warmer conditions. Although exotic species decreased thermal tolerance at the warmer site, species from both origins acclimated traits consistently. Shifts in the occupation of the functional trait space varied between origins; warmer conditions reduced the size of the functional trait space of exotics and increased the phenotypic similarity of natives. Thermal tolerance acclimation and changes in functional trait space varied across species. Finally, thermal niche metrics were uncoupled from species origin and failed to explain the acclimation capacity of the studied species.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although species origin influenced acclimation to warmer conditions, the effect of origin was not related to species' thermal niches. Our results provide crucial information for decision-makers involved in designing urban and peri-urban green spaces that can withstand climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiotic fungi alter plant resource allocation independent of water availability","authors":"Christopher B. Wall,&nbsp;Kacie Kajihara,&nbsp;Francisca E. Rodriguez,&nbsp;Leena Vilonen,&nbsp;Danyel Yogi,&nbsp;Sean O. I. Swift,&nbsp;Nicole A. Hynson","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16459","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ability of plants to adapt or acclimate to climate change is inherently linked to their interactions with symbiotic microbes, notably fungi. However, it is unclear whether fungal symbionts from different climates have different impacts on the outcome of plant–fungal interactions, especially under environmental stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We tested three provenances of fungal inoculum (originating from dry, moderate or wet environments) with one host plant genotype exposed to three soil moisture regimes (low, moderate and high). Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in controlled conditions for 151 days, then shoot and root biomass were weighed and fungal diversity and community composition determined via amplicon sequencing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The source of inoculum and water regime elicited significant changes in plant resource allocation to shoots versus roots, but only specific inocula affected total plant biomass. Shoot biomass increased in the high water treatment but was negatively impacted by all inoculum treatments relative to the controls. The opposite was true for roots, where the low water treatment led to greater proportional root biomass, and plants inoculated with wet site fungi allocated significantly more resources to root growth than dry- or moderate-site inoculated plants and the controls. Fungal communities of shoots and roots partitioned by inoculum source, water treatment, and the interaction of the two.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The provenance of fungi can significantly affect total plant biomass and resource allocation above- and belowground, with fungi derived from more extreme environments eliciting the strongest plant responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to our Valued Reviewers—2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16460","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16460","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The Editors gratefully acknowledge all reviewers who have generously given their time and expertise to review manuscripts submitted to the &lt;i&gt;American Journal of Botany&lt;/i&gt; from January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024. Thank you for helping &lt;i&gt;AJB&lt;/i&gt; maintain a rigorous and fair peer-review process.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acosta-Rangel, Aleyda&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ågren, Jon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alcantara, Suzana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Almeida, Thaís&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Althoff, Nils&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alvarenga, Danillo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Álvarez-Cansino, Leonor&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alvarez-Perez, Sergio&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alzate, Adriana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amico, Guillermo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ancona, Juan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Andruchow-Colombo, Ana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Apgaua, Deborah&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arakaki, Monica&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arenas-Castro, Henry&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arias, Tatiana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ashman, Tia-Lynn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ashokan, Ajith&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Atkinson, Joe&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Austen, Emily&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ayi, Qiaoli&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Azevedo-Schmidt, Lauren&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Azuma, Wakana&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baack, Eric&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bachy, Charles&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bai, Yuguang&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Balci, Yilmaz&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baldwin, Bruce&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ballesteros, Daniel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baranzelli, Matias&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Barrett, Craig&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bartholomew, David&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Batke, Sven&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baucom, Regina&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bauer, Amelie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beck, James&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Benzerara, Karim&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berbee, Mary&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bickford, Christopher&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bittleston, Leonora&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blackhall, Melisa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blazquez, Miguel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blischak, Paul&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bonal, Raúl&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Botta-Dukát, Zoltán&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bowling, Andrew&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bowman, David&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Branca, Antoine&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brandvain, Yaniv&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Breygina, Maria&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Briegel-Williams, Laura&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brightly, William&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brose, Caroline&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brown, Charlotte&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Budha Magar, Shanta&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Budke, Jessica&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buide, Ma Luisa&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Burian, Agata&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Burke, David&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Buscardo, Erika&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Busch, Jeremiah&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Byers, Kelsey&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cacho, N. Ivalú&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cameron, Kenneth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cang, Feng&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cantley, Jason&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Caple, Mackenzie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carbone, Lucas&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cargill, Chris&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carnicero, Pau&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carpenter, Raymond&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Case, Andrea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Castañeda, Tania Galindo&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Castro, Vidi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cerdeira-Perez, Andrea&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cervantes, Cristian&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Charles-Dominique, Tristan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chen, Chih-Hui&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chen, Stephanie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheplick, Gregory&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chiono, Alec&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Christopher, Dorothy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Chung, Myong Gi&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Churchill, Amber C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Clark, Lynn&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cleavitt, Natalie&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cohen, Rachel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Coleman, James&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collinge, Sharon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Collins, Brandon&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cortés, Andrés&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Costea, Mihai&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Couvreur, Thomas&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crane, Peter&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Crawford, Kerri&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Creamer, Rebecca&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cubry, Philippe&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cunha Neto, Israel&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;D'Andrea, Rafael&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Daibes, L Felipe&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;de Lafontaine, Guillaume&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;de Oliveira Xavier, Rafael&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Del Rio, Cédric&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;del Valle, José Carlos&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;DeMalach, Niv&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deng, Min&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Diller, Carolina&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dole, Haley&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dorr, Laurence&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dosmann, Michael&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doyle, James&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doyle, Jeffrey&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drew, Bryan&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Duchicela, Sisimac&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Duffy, Karl&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eagar, Andrew&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Eck, Jenalle&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Edger, Patrick&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Edward","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a phylogenomic classification of magnoliids","authors":"Andrew J. Helmstetter,&nbsp;Zacky Ezedin,&nbsp;Elton John de Lírio,&nbsp;Sylvia M. de Oliveira,&nbsp;Lars W. Chatrou,&nbsp;Roy H. J. Erkens,&nbsp;Isabel Larridon,&nbsp;Kevin Leempoel,&nbsp;Olivier Maurin,&nbsp;Shyamali Roy,&nbsp;Alexandre R. Zuntini,&nbsp;William J. Baker,&nbsp;Thomas L. P. Couvreur,&nbsp;Félix Forest,&nbsp;Hervé Sauquet","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16451","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16451","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnoliids are a strongly supported clade of angiosperms. Previous phylogenetic studies based primarily on analyses of a limited number of mostly plastid markers have led to the current classification of magnoliids into four orders and 18 families. However, uncertainty remains regarding the placement of several families.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For the first comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of magnoliids as a whole, we sampled 235 species from 199 (74%) genera and representing all families and most subfamilies and tribes. We analyzed newly generated data from the Angiosperms353 probe set using both coalescent and concatenation analyses and testing the impact of multiple filtering and alignment strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While our results generally provide further support for previously established phylogenetic relationships in both magnoliids as a whole and large families including Annonaceae and Lauraceae, they also provide new evidence for previously ambiguous relationships. In particular, we found support for the position of Hydnoraceae as sister to the remainder of Piperales, though evidence was conflicting, and resolved the backbone of relationships among most genera of Myristicaceae. Different analytical strategies tended to have rather small effects on branch support and topology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although some of our results are limited by low gene recovery for a number of taxa and significant gene tree conflict for some relationships, this study represents a significant step toward reconstructing the evolutionary history of a major lineage of angiosperms. Based on these results, we present an updated phylogenetic classification for magnoliids, recognizing 21 families, summarizing previously established subfamilies and tribes, and describing new tribes for Myristicaceae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142982448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection of RNase-based self-incompatibility in Lysimachia monelli (Primulaceae)","authors":"Karolis Ramanauskas,&nbsp;Francisco J. Jiménez-López,&nbsp;Mercedes Sánchez-Cabrera,&nbsp;Marcial Escudero,&nbsp;Pedro L. Ortiz,&nbsp;Montserrat Arista,&nbsp;Boris Igić","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16449","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primroses famously employ a system that simultaneously expresses distyly and filters out self-pollen. Other species in the Primulaceae family, including <i>Lysimachia monelli</i> (blue pimpernel), also express self-incompatibility (SI), but involving a system with distinct features and an unknown molecular genetic basis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We utilize a candidate-based transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, relying on candidate T2/S-RNase Class III and S-linked F-box-motif-containing genes and harnessing the unusual evolutionary and genetic features of SI, to examine whether an RNase-based mechanism underlies SI in <i>L. monelli</i>. We term this approach \"SI detection with RNA-seq\" (SIDR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of sequencing, crossing, population genetics, and molecular evolutionary features each support a causal association linking the recovered genotypes with SI phenotypes. The finding of RNase-based SI in Primulaceae (Ericales) all but cements the long-held view that this mechanism was present in the ancestral pentapetal eudicot, whose descendants now comprise two-thirds of angiosperms. It also significantly narrows the plausible maximum age for the heterostyly evolution within the family.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SIDR is powerful, flexible, inexpensive, and most critically enables work in often-neglected species. It may be used with or without candidate genes to close enormous gaps in understanding the genetic basis of SI and the history of breeding system evolution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative diversification analyses of Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae reveal complex evolutionary history as species disperse out of Mesoamerica","authors":"John J. Schenk,&nbsp;Sarah Jacobs,&nbsp;Larry Hufford","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16455","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16455","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The movement of lineages into novel areas can promote ecological opportunity and adaptive radiation, leading to significant species diversity. Not all studies, however, have identified support for ecological opportunity associated with novel intercontinental colonizations. To gain key insights into the drivers of ecological opportunity, we tested whether intercontinental dispersals resulted in ecological opportunity using the Hydrangeaceae-Loasaceae clade, which has numerous centers of diversity across the globe.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A time-calibrated phylogeny was reconstructed from four molecular markers. We tested for bursts of speciation rates followed by a decrease as expected phylogenetic patterns under an ecological opportunity model. Ancestral ranges were estimated using historical biogeographic analyses to examine the relationships of ancestral distributions and habitats with speciation and extinction rates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrangeaceae and Loasaceae originated in arid Mesoamerica, then dispersed into South America, Eurasia, and eastern North America. Six clades experienced increased diversification rates, but those increases were not associated with transitions into new continental areas. <i>Mentzelia</i> section <i>Bartonia</i> was the only clade that exhibited a burst of speciation followed by a decrease. Both families originated in arid environments and experienced multiple transitions into mesic and tropical environments, but Loasaceae experienced a higher speciation-to-extinction ratio than Hydrangeaceae in the western Nearctic.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dispersal between continents did not trigger speciation rate shifts in Loasaceae and Hydrangeaceae. Instead, shifts occurred in regions inhabited by intrafamilial relatives and were likely driven by climate change in the Miocene, where species in drier microhabitats diversified into newly created habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142969510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood-driven survival and growth of dominant C4 grasses helps set their distributions along tallgrass prairie moisture gradients","authors":"Robert W. Wernerehl,&nbsp;Thomas J. Givnish","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16457","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16457","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Five C₄ grasses (<i>Bouteloua curtipendula</i>, <i>Schizachyrium scoparium</i>, <i>Andropogon gerardii</i>, <i>Sorghastrum nutans</i>, <i>Spartina pectinata</i>) dominate different portions of a moisture gradient from dry to wet tallgrass prairies in the Upper Midwest of the United States. We hypothesized that their distributions may partly reflect differences in flooding tolerance and context-specific growth relative to each other.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We tested these ideas with greenhouse flooding and drought experiments, outdoor mesocosm experiments, and a natural experiment involving a month-long flood in two wet-mesic prairies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Bouteloua</i> promptly succumbed to inundation, so flooding intolerance likely excludes it from wet and wet-mesic prairies. Competition is likely to exclude short-statured <i>Bouteloua</i> from productive mesic sites. <i>Schizachyrium</i> is excluded from wet prairies by low flooding tolerance, demonstrated by all experiments. <i>Sorghastrum</i> had low flooding tolerance in both greenhouse and natural experiments, suggesting that physiological intolerance excludes it from wet prairies. <i>Spartina</i> had by far the greatest growth under the wettest mesocosm conditions; this and comparisons of species growth in monocultures vs. mixtures suggests that competition helps it dominate wet prairies. Indeed, quadrat presence of <i>Spartina</i> increased by 57% two years after flooding of two prairies, while that of upland grasses declined by 44%. The high flooding tolerance, lack of significant differences from other species in drought tolerance, and tall stature of <i>Andropogon</i> suggest that broad physiological tolerance combined with competitive ability allows it to thrive across the prairie moisture gradient.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flooding helps shape the distributions of dominant prairie grasses, and its effects may become more important as extreme rain events continue to increase.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11744443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}