American Journal of Botany最新文献

{"title":"Herbivory exacerbates pollen limitation by isolating unconsumed plants from prospective mates","authors":"Jared J. Beck,&nbsp;Stuart Wagenius","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbivores directly influence plant reproduction by damaging reproductive tissue which reduces seed production in consumed plants. Consumption of reproductive tissue may also indirectly depress reproduction in unconsumed plants by isolating unconsumed individuals from prospective mates and reducing pollination. However, empirical support for such hypothesized indirect effects remains limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate potential indirect effects of herbivory on mating opportunities and pollination, we quantified spatial patterns of white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) herbivory and reproductive outcomes in <i>Lilium philadelphicum</i> (Liliaceae). We mapped 708 flowering plants, monitored deer herbivory, and examined how distance to prospective mates influenced rates of ovule fertilization, a proxy for pollen receipt.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most flowering <i>L. philadelphicum</i> plants (83%) failed to produce seed. Deer consumption of flowers prevented seed production in 35% of individuals. The probability of deer herbivory declined with distance to flowering conspecifics. Sixty-five percent of the remaining, unconsumed plants failed to produce seed due to apparent pollen limitation. While ovule fertilization rates declined with multiple predictors quantifying distances to flowering conspecifics, isolation metrics that excluded plants consumed by deer significantly improved predictions of ovule fertilization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results offer empirical support for the hypothesis that herbivory reduces pollination and seed production in unconsumed plants by altering spatial mating opportunities. This feedback between deer herbivory and distance-dependent pollination contributes to widespread reproductive failure in <i>L. philadelphicum</i>, though the extent to which deer reduce seed production varies with plant isolation. Herbivory may exacerbate pollen limitation in other species by isolating unconsumed plants from prospective mates.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the introduction history of the invasive grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae subsp. asperum in the western United States: Low within-population genetic diversity does not preclude invasion","authors":"Dean R. Marsh,&nbsp;Lynell Deines,&nbsp;Joseph H. Rausch,&nbsp;Yves Tindon,&nbsp;René F. H. Sforza,&nbsp;Anthony E. Melton,&nbsp;Stephen J. Novak","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the main drivers of global change is biotic exchange, which leads to biological invasions. The genetic diversity and structure of invasive populations is influenced by multiple factors, most notably the details of a species' introduction, its pattern of range expansion, and its mating system. <i>Taeniatherum caput</i>-<i>medusae</i> subsp. <i>asperum</i> is a primarily self-pollinating, invasive, annual grass of the western United States (US).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using historical information (herbarium specimens and published reports) and genetic (allozyme) data, we reconstructed the introduction history and pattern of range expansion of <i>T</i>. <i>caput</i>-<i>medusae</i> subsp. <i>asperum</i> in its invasive range.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Herbarium collection data and published reports indicate that the grass was first collected near Roseburg, Oregon, in 1884 and then at Steptoe Butte, Washington, in 1901. Genetic analysis of 46 invasive populations of <i>T</i>. <i>caput</i>-<i>medusae</i> subsp. <i>asperum</i> detected seven homozygous multilocus genotypes (MLGs) across the western US. Several MLGs were found in localities associated with early collection sites. Only three of 1700 individuals we analyzed were heterozygous. Thus, high rates of self-pollination likely preserved the MLGs introduced into the western US and contributed to our ability to reconstruct the introduction history of this grass.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our data are consistent with the pattern associated with multiple introductions and local or regional range expansion. Despite multiple introductions, invasive populations of <i>T</i>. <i>caput</i>-<i>medusae</i> subsp. <i>asperum</i> exhibit relatively low within-population genetic diversity (i.e., invasive populations possess low evolutionary potential). Apparently, low within-population genetic diversity does not preclude the invasion of this grass in the western US.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143397787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of elevation on genetic structure and variability in a wetland crucifer of the Rocky Mountains","authors":"Shelby L. Tisinai,&nbsp;Jeremiah W. Busch","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16467","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16467","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In mountain ecosystems, environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, ultraviolet radiation) covary with elevation, potentially limiting gene flow over steep gradients. We hypothesized that, (1) due to stark elevational differences in environmental factors, populations from dissimilar elevations (e.g., montane versus alpine) are more strongly differentiated than populations from similar elevations; (2) patterns of migration reflect downslope dispersal more than upslope dispersal; and (3) alpine populations at the cold edge show evidence of expansion, while montane populations at the warm edge have declined.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DNA polymorphisms in whole-genome sequences were studied from 6–10 genotypes each in populations of <i>Cardamine cordifolia</i> found at three montane sites (ranging from 2200 to 2800 m a.s.l.) and three alpine sites (ranging from 3000 to 3500 m a.s.l.). Statistical analyses assessed patterns of population structure, genetic diversity, migration, and historical demography since the Pleistocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Populations maintained very high levels of nucleotide diversity (π range: 0.062–0.071) and were weakly differentiated (pairwise <i>F</i>_ST = 0.027) on average. Migration among alpine populations was also inferred, with no directionality of migration across elevation bands. Demographic inference suggests that both montane and alpine populations have declined in size since the Pleistocene.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental differences across elevation represent diffuse barriers to gene flow. Recent polyploidy and clonal reproduction likely explain excess heterozygosity and high nucleotide diversity within populations. The genetic similarity of populations across elevation suggests highly connected refugia during the Pleistocene; such results may indicate that montane and alpine populations will respond similarly to changing environmental conditions associated with climate change.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in flowering phenology with altered rainfall and the potential community impacts in an annual grassland","authors":"Mary N. Van Dyke,&nbsp;Nathan J. B. Kraft","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shifts in the timing of life history events, or phenology, have been recorded across many taxa and biomes in response to global change. These phenological changes are often studied in a single species context, but considering the community context is essential for anticipating the cascading effects on biotic interactions that are likely to occur. Focusing on an annual grassland plant community, we examined how experimental changes in precipitation affect flowering phenology in a community context and explore the implications of these shifts for competitive interactions and species coexistence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We experimentally manipulated rainfall with rainout shelters and recorded detailed flowering phenology data for seven annual species including two grasses and five forbs. We assessed how their first and peak flowering days were affected by changes in rainfall and explored how flowering overlap between competing species changed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in rainfall shifted flowering phenology of some species, but sensitivity differed among neighboring species. Four of the seven species studied started and/or peaked flowering earlier in response to reduced water availability. The idiosyncratic shifts in flowering phenology have the potential to alter existing temporal dynamics that may be maintaining coexistence, such as temporal separation of resource-use among neighbors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results show how species-specific phenological consequences of global change can impact community dynamics and competition between neighboring plants and warrant future research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Island plant fire tolerance: Functional traits associated with novel disturbance regimes.","authors":"Kasey E Barton, Thomas Ibanez, Peter J Bellingham, Xoaquín Moreira","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16465","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":" ","pages":"e16465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine-scale diversity models reveal impacts of invasive Gaillardia pulchella on regenerating vegetation in a sand dune grassland","authors":"Zsófia Orbán,&nbsp;László Bakacsy","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16468","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16468","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Gaillardia pulchella</i> is native to North America but invasive in Central Europe, including Hungary, and can significantly alter vegetation dynamics, thereby affecting biodiversity and community structure. This study explored the fine-scale effects of <i>G. pulchella</i> invasion on the regeneration of old sandy fields in open dune grasslands in Kiskunság National Park, Hungary, within the Pannonian biogeographic region. The impact of invasion on vegetation association structures was estimated by investigating the early stages of the effects of invasion on plant communities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diversity models were used to assess compositional diversity (CD) and the number of realized species combinations (NRC) in invaded versus noninvaded stands. Plexus graphs were used to analyze the spatial relationships between <i>G. pulchella</i> and neighboring species at a fine scale (5 × 15 cm).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Invasion-free stands had higher species richness and greater structural complexity at fine spatial scales, as indicated by CD and NRC functions. Significantly higher CD values in invasion-free stands compared to invaded stands emphasize the negative impact of <i>G. pulchella</i> on coexistence among native species. Plexus graphs illustrated both negative and positive associations between <i>G. pulchella</i> and native species, suggesting a nuanced competitive role in invaded stands.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Gaillardia pulchella</i> invasion, though not strongly characterized, has negatively impacted vegetation structure at fine spatial scales, which may potentially intensify over time. The study underscores the importance of early detection and long-term monitoring for a comprehensive understanding of invasive processes and their effects on plant communities in sandy habitats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homospermidine synthase evolution and the origin(s) of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Apocynaceae","authors":"Chelsea R. Smith,&nbsp;Elisabeth Kaltenegger,&nbsp;Jordan Teisher,&nbsp;Abigail J. Moore,&nbsp;Shannon C. K. Straub,&nbsp;Tatyana Livshultz","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16458","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16458","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Enzymes that are encoded by paralogous genes and produce identical specialized metabolites in distantly related plant lineages are strong evidence of parallel phenotypic evolution. Inference of phenotypic homology for metabolites produced by orthologous genes is less straightforward, since orthologs may be recruited in parallel into novel pathways. In prior research on pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), specialized metabolites of Apocynaceae, the evolution of homospermidine synthase (HSS), an enzyme of PA biosynthesis, was reconstructed and a single origin of PAs inferred because HSS enzymes of all known PA-producing Apocynaceae species are orthologous and descended from an ancestral enzyme with the motif (VXXXD) of an optimized HSS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We increased sampling, tested the effect of amino acid motif on HSS function, revisited motif evolution, and tested for selection to infer evolution of HSS function and its correlation with phenotype.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Some evidence supports a single origin of PAs: an IXXXD <i>HSS</i>-like gene, similar in function to VXXXD <i>HSS</i>, evolved in the shared ancestor of all PA-producing species; loss of HSS function occurred multiple times via pseudogenization and perhaps via evolution of an IXXXN motif. Other evidence indicates multiple origins: the VXXXD motif, highly correlated with the PA phenotype, evolved two or four times independently; the ancestral IXXXD gene was not under positive selection, while some VXXXD genes were; and substitutions at sites experiencing positive selection occurred on multiple branches in the <i>HSS</i>-like gene tree.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complexity of the genotype-function-phenotype map confounds the inference of PA homology from <i>HSS</i>-like gene evolution in Apocynaceae.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pandanus plastomes decoded: When climate mirrors morphology and phylogenetic relationships","authors":"John M. A. Wojahn,&nbsp;Martin W. Callmander,&nbsp;Sven Buerki","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16461","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16461","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Premise</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pandanus</i> Parkinson (Pandanaceae) is a large genus of paleotropical tree-like monocots. Previous studies using small DNA regions questioned the monophyly of the seven <i>Pandanus</i> subgenera, but low phylogenetic branch support hindered further investigations. We aimed to (1) test <i>Pandanus</i> subgeneric monophyly, (2) identify clade morphological synapomorphies, (3) investigate correlations between leaf anatomy of water storage tissue and climatic differentiation across clades, and (4) construct hypotheses on the genus' spatiotemporal history.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We sequenced 50 <i>Pandanus</i> species using genome skimming and reconstructed plastomes with MITObim. We inferred partitioned RAxML phylogenetic trees to test subgeneric monophyly using Shimodaira–Hasegawa tests. We inferred a partitioned dated BEAST phylogenetic tree used for ancestral state reconstructions of morphological traits. Phylogenetic clades were used to compare climatic (Bioclim) and soil (UNESCO Digital Soil Map) conditions using random forests. We correlated present morphology and climatic niche with past climate events.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our phylogenetic analyses revealed two clades and four subclades. Only subgenus <i>Coronata</i> was monophyletic. Staminate synapomorphies were identified for three subclades. Hypertrophied and hyperplasic water-storage tissue was a synapomorphy for clade II, correlating with more seasonal temperature and precipitation regimes and more well-draining soil. Clades differentiated during the advent of the Southeast Asian monsoon in the early Miocene, whereas subclades differentiated during the Miocene Thermal Maximum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Pandanus</i> subgeneric classification needs to be revised. Hypertrophied hyperplasic water-storage tissue is a key trait in <i>Pandanus</i> evolution, possibly explaining climatic and biogeographic patterns because it is key to maintaining photosynthesis during periods of hydric stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The changing biodiversity of the Arctic flora in the Anthropocene","authors":"Paul T. Markley,&nbsp;Collin P. Gross,&nbsp;Barnabas H. Daru","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The plants of the circumpolar Arctic occupy a dynamic system that has been shaped by glacial cycles and climate change on evolutionary timescales. Yet rapid climatic change can compromise the floristic diversity of the tundra, and the ecological and evolutionary changes in the Arctic from anthropogenic forces remain understudied. In this review, we synthesize knowledge of Arctic floral biodiversity across the entirety of the region within the context of its climatic history. We present critical gaps and challenges in modeling and documenting the consequences of anthropogenic changes for Arctic flora, informed by data from the Late Quaternary (~20 ka). We found that previous forecasts of Arctic plant responses to climate change indicate widespread reductions in habitable area with increasing shrub growth and abundance as a function of annual temperature increase. Such shifts in the distribution and composition of extant Arctic flora will likely increase with global climate through changes to the carbon cycle, necessitating a unified global effort in conserving these plants. More data and research on the continuity of tundra communities are needed to firmly assess the risk climate change poses to the Arctic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbaria as critical resources for studying plant-virus biodiversity and epidemiology","authors":"Elizabeth M. Lombardi,&nbsp;Hannah E. Marx","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16463","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajb2.16463","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;In the wake of a virus-mediated global health crises, research has rightfully focused on monitoring zoonotic viruses, particularly those that are emerging or novel in human populations (Baker et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). Viruses that infect plants are also worthy candidates for research investment and, depending on host outcomes, epidemiological action (Anderson et al., &lt;span&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Naidu, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Jones et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). While not all viruses are pathogenic (Roossinck, &lt;span&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;; Takahashi et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;), crop diseases caused by viral symbionts undermine food and economic security worldwide (Bos, &lt;span&gt;1982&lt;/span&gt;; Sastry and Zitter, &lt;span&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;; Trębicki and Finlay, &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;; Rao and Reddy, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), and the consequences of viruses on plant biodiversity and ecosystems are understudied (Kamitani et al., &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;; Jones and Naidu, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;; Lefeuvre et al., &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;). Better data regarding spatiotemporal patterns in plant-virus distributions is a prerequisite for understanding how viruses move, change, and emerge as threats to food and ecosystem security.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One way that temporal trends in virus biodiversity may be studied is through use of natural history collections (Cook et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Thompson et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), which offer the opportunity to retrospectively characterize host–virus interactions, thus building a baseline to which contemporary analyses may be compared. Similarly, Cook et al. (&lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) demonstrate the potential benefit of using historical host specimens to efficiently survey for virus diversity across taxa and environments. This work, like most specimen-based research into historical virus diversity, focused on animal hosts. Here we discuss opportunities that would arise from utilizing plant collections in a similar fashion; while the practical and technical details of isolating plant-associated viruses from historical tissue differ from methods for other taxonomic groups, the benefits to research and disease management would be similar and numerous.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are multiple possible virus isolate types that may be useful in studying historical plant virus communities, including agricultural isolates and “forgotten” frozen tissue specimens collected by academic and agricultural researchers (Jones et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). We discuss pros and cons of using different tissue sources and conclude that usefulness of whole-host data from herbarium specimens justifies investment in development and research. Our objectives in this commentary are to (1) review and compare current resources and approaches available for studying plant-associated virus diversity in the context of natural history and (2) outline steps to improve global plant-virus biodiversity monitoring and preservation going forward.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Plant viruses are ubiquitous across host taxa and environments, but little is known regardi","PeriodicalId":7691,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Botany","volume":"112 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajb2.16463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143063306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}