AIDS reviews最新文献_第5页

The new profile of psychiatric disorders in patients with HIV infection. HIV感染患者精神障碍的新概况。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.22000030

Lucía Gallego Deike, Pablo Barreiro, Blanca Reneses

{"title":"The new profile of psychiatric disorders in patients with HIV infection.","authors":"Lucía Gallego Deike, Pablo Barreiro, Blanca Reneses","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000030","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, HIV infection is largely considered as a chronic condition rather than a deadly disease, given that effective antiretroviral treatment allows almost complete and persistent suppression of viral replication and restoration of nearly normal CD4+ T-cell counts. Being HIV a \"condition\", we imply that other illnesses are more frequently seen in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), among which mental health disorders are particularly common. Despite very successful antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection may still cause a wide range of neurocognitive dysfunctions and accelerated brain ageing. Beyond direct viral effects, at least another five causes of neurological damage are more frequent among PLHIV. First, the use of neurochemical substances as sexual boosters (chemsex) has become popular in this population. Second, the rate of sexually transmitted infections as syphilis, which may affect the central nervous system, is more prevalent among PLHIV. Third, the use of certain antiretroviral drugs, such as efavirenz, has been associated with changes in mood and/or psychotic symptoms. Fourth, an increased rate of mental disorders has been reported in PLHIV, either as predisposing conditions or following the recognition of HIV diagnosis (i.e., major depression). Finally, psychosocial factors such as loneliness, isolation and stigmatization are more frequent in PLHIV and worsen their mental health. Given that the life expectancy of PLHIV has increased significantly, a new and much broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders has emerged in PLHIV. Early diagnosis and adequate management, including education and preventative interventions are warranted.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

HIV patients' bone loss before and after antiretroviral treatment and its possible mechanisms. HIV患者抗逆转录病毒治疗前后骨质流失及其可能机制

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.22000028

Pei-Min Zheng, Yu-Qing Xie, Shi-Fan Lin, Le Zou, Zhi-Hua Huang, Zhi-Ping Zhang

{"title":"HIV patients' bone loss before and after antiretroviral treatment and its possible mechanisms.","authors":"Pei-Min Zheng, Yu-Qing Xie, Shi-Fan Lin, Le Zou, Zhi-Hua Huang, Zhi-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000028","url":null,"abstract":"HIV infection has been reported to cause bone loss and a higher risk of fracture. Under normal conditions, bone metabolism is regulated by mesenchymal cells, osteoclasts differentiated from mononuclear macrophages, osteoblasts, and their expression of regulatory factors, such as receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), M-SCF, and transforming growth factor-beta. The balance between bone resorption and osteogenesis depends on the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts. In addition, some immune cells, such as B-cells, T-cells, and other non-immune cells expressing RANKL, can contribute to osteoporosis under inflammatory conditions. HIV proteins consist of three types: regulatory proteins, accessory proteins, and structural proteins, which contribute to HIV-mediated bone loss partly by upregulating NF-κB expression, tumor necrosis factor alpha content, and release of inflammatory cytokines. Even worse, although antiretroviral therapy has reduced HIV infection mortality and successfully transformed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome into a chronic disease, its impact on bone loss should not be overlooked, especially when the drug contains tenofovir. This review analyzes some reports focusing on the overall osteolytic situation due to imbalances in osteogenesis and bone resorption due to HIV infection and antiviral therapy. The intrinsic mechanism of bone loss provides a reference for researchers to analyze the risk factors for HIV patients complicated with bone loss and helps clinicians to provide ideas for the intervention and prevention of bone loss during clinical treatment and chronic disease management of HIV patients.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association between genital mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis) and HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 生殖器支原体(解脲支原体和人支原体)与HIV感染之间的关系:一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.22000024

Safa Boujemaa, Gurparsad Singh-Suri, Gurleen Kaur

{"title":"Association between genital mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis) and HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Safa Boujemaa, Gurparsad Singh-Suri, Gurleen Kaur","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000024","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies have reported the occurrence of genital mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Mycoplasma fermentans) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, but findings are conflicting. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association of U. urealyticum and M. hominis with HIV infection. We searched seven databases to retrieve articles reporting the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas among HIV-infected patients. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and displayed by forest plots. Cochran Q and I2 statistics were applied to assess heterogeneity. In addition, a funnel plot with an Egger's test was performed to evaluate potential publication bias. Of the 1123 articles identified, 12 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. Our results revealed that HIV-infected patients had higher colonization rates by U. urealyticum and M. hominis (single infection) than the control group (OR = 1.526; 95% CI: 1.202-1.937; p = 0.001 and OR = 2.610; 95% CI: 1.890-3.604; p = 0,000, respectively). However, coinfection seemed to be not associated with HIV infection (OR = 1.311; 95% CI: 0.744-2.311; p = 0.348). A subgroup analysis showed that study design and geographical origin were a source of heterogeneity in the studies that reported coinfection among HIV-infected patients. However, there was no statistical evidence of publication bias. Our study revealed that genital mycoplasmas were more frequent in HIV-infected patients than healthy individuals, resulting from a decline of natural immunity due to HIV. More effort should be dedicated to the screening, prevention, and treatment of genital mycoplasmas, to curb the spread of HIV.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10103430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The management of polypharmacy in people living with HIV. 艾滋病毒感染者多重用药的管理。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000059

Sergio Marin, Carles Quiñones, Carla Codina Jiménez, Ester Valls, Eva Terricabras, Lidia Estrada, Glòria Cardona, Àngels Andreu

{"title":"The management of polypharmacy in people living with HIV.","authors":"Sergio Marin, Carles Quiñones, Carla Codina Jiménez, Ester Valls, Eva Terricabras, Lidia Estrada, Glòria Cardona, Àngels Andreu","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000059","url":null,"abstract":"Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has modified the prognosis of HIV which has evolved into a chronic condition. People living with HIV (PLWH) are living longer presenting an increased number of comorbidities leading to polypharmacy. Literature on the prevalence, associated factors, drug-drug interactions (DDIs), effects on ART-outcomes, geriatric conditions, and nutritional status together with health-interventions aimed to reduce it is presented in this review. A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE database for all relevant English- and Spanish-language studies since 2006. Studies providing data of interest were identified and ordered in groups: (i) prevalence and associated factors (n = 37), (ii) DDIs (n = 19), (iii) Effects on ART-outcomes (n = 12), (iv) Effects on health conditions (n = 13), and (V) Health-interventions to assess and/or reduce it (n = 9). Polypharmacy occurs in 9-91% of PLWH (2.6-19.5% affected by severe polypharmacy). Main factors associated with polypharmacy are older age, a higher number of comorbidities, frailty, deteriorated renal function, and previous hospitalizations. DDIs were present in 19.15-84% of cases (1.3-12.2% for the most severe types). Mainly involved non-ART drugs were antihypertensives, statins, antithrombotic agents, corticosteroids, divalent cations, and antiacids. Polypharmacy can affect ART selection, adherence, and outcomes and has been related to some geriatric conditions such as falls, frailty, and poor nutritional status. Potentially prescribing issues are present in up to 87.9% of cases according to the STOPP-START and Beers criteria and some pharmacist-led interventions have been shown to reduce it. Considering these findings, polypharmacy should be considered a clinical concern in this population and treatment-optimization programs are needed to reduce its burden.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"27-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection in truck drivers: a systematic review of global evidence. 卡车司机感染艾滋病毒的流行率和风险因素：全球证据系统回顾。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.23000010

SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Ramin Shahidi, Parisa Matini, Pegah Mirzapour, Ghazal Arjmand, Iman Amiri-Fard, Haleh Siami, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for HIV infection in truck drivers: a systematic review of global evidence.","authors":"SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Ramin Shahidi, Parisa Matini, Pegah Mirzapour, Ghazal Arjmand, Iman Amiri-Fard, Haleh Siami, Soudabeh Yarmohammadi, Esmaeil Mehraeen, Omid Dadras","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000010","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000010","url":null,"abstract":"Transporting and driving long distances might be associated with an increased risk of contracting HIV in truck drivers, which is recognized as a link to network transmission of HIV among this population. The present study aims to systematically review the prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection in truck drivers globally. A comprehensive search of the databases of Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was carried out. The original papers reporting statistics on the prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection among truck drivers were included. In this study, 23 original articles that met the eligibility criteria were reviewed. All articles were cross-sectional studies in which a total number of 16,315 truck drivers were studied to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of HIV infection. Findings indicated high HIV seroprevalence among truck drivers, with the highest prevalence of 56% in South Africa. HIV/AIDS awareness and condom use among truckers were reported low. Having sex with other men, circumcision status, time away from home, marital status, years working as a truck driver, education, income, and drug/alcohol use are the most important risk factors for HIV in truck drivers. Longer time on the road can increase the risk of infection by creating conditions for unsafe sex, in particular, having sex with other men. Low socioeconomic status exacerbates the condition. HIV risk-reduction interventions for long-distance truck drivers are necessary to enhance the awareness of sexually transmitted infections and introduce protective measures such as condoms.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 4","pages":"151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139428901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coinfection with Viral Hepatitis in HIV patients in 2023. 2023年艾滋病患者合并病毒性肝炎感染。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000060

Pablo Barreiro, Víctor Moreno-Torres, Vicente Soriano

引用次数: 0

HTLV-1 in Brazil: epidemiological scenario in the highest endemic country in the world. 巴西的 HTLV-1：世界上流行率最高国家的流行病学情况。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000067

Tatiane Assone, Jorge Casseb

引用次数: 0

The use of 'sex' and 'gender' in medical research. 在医学研究中使用'sex'和'gender'。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.23000012

Carlos Chiclana-Actis, Vicente Soriano

{"title":"The use of 'sex' and 'gender' in medical research.","authors":"Carlos Chiclana-Actis, Vicente Soriano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.23000012","url":null,"abstract":"There is a widespread practice of using 'sex' and 'gender' interchangeably. The World Health Organization considers that they are not. It defines sex as a set of chromosome-dependent biological variables that show unique hormone profiles and anatomy. Conversely, gender refers to socially constructed sex attributions with differential roles, behavioral expressions, identity, etc. Researchers and institutions have proposed guidelines to ensure that good science is not compromised by ideologies, media or social pressures, morality, religion or economic interests. Sex differences are immune to any ideology or socio-cultural interest, because they are governed by biologically determined genetic parameters. Considering men and women to be alike is very valuable from a moral or social perspective, but ignoring differences could be wrong and unacceptable from a biomedical perspective. The organization of health and/or research systems that does not consider the different morbidity, evolution or treatment response depending on sex would generate biases and mistakes. To work on medical innovation with a gender perspective should need to take sex differences into account and integrate them properly, recognizing diversity. The controversy is not just about sex or gender, but about sex and gender and how they may influence each other. Maintaining a scientific and academic approach will help both to advance science and enrich laws and/or ideologies.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV patients: A review. 抗逆转录病毒治疗和经历过抗逆转录病毒治疗的HIV患者体重增加:综述。

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.22000026

Emilie Dupont, Jean Cyr Yombi

{"title":"Antiretroviral therapy and weight gain in antiretroviral treatment-experienced HIV patients: A review.","authors":"Emilie Dupont, Jean Cyr Yombi","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000026","url":null,"abstract":"The risk of developing non-AIDS events (NAEs) remains higher in persons living with HIV-1 (PLWH) compared to the general population despite progress made in the treatment by antiretroviral (ARV). Particular attention is therefore given to the management of risk factors associated with NAEs during the follow-up of PLWH, including overweight. Factors associated with weight gain in PLWH are multifactorial and include demographics, HIV disease-related, lifestyle, cultural, and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-associated factors. All these confounding factors make it difficult to interpret the potential link between ARVs and weight gain. In antiretroviral treatment- experienced PLWH, confounding factors such as the return to normal health or the advanced stage of disease can be ruled out compared to naïve patients which somewhat facilitates the interpretation of weight gain. Weight gain after ART switch is modest, not generally a big concern in clinical practice in this population and correlated more strongly with baseline regimen, especially after the stop of TDF or EFV, than with sex-, race-, or HIV-related factors. It remains uncertain whether this is due to the loss of a weight suppressive effect of prior regimens with older agent such as TDF or EFV or a weight gain effect of the newer regimens especially TAF and/or INSTI, or both. The mechanisms linked to weight gain attributed to the new ARVs as well as its possible reversibility are not yet elucidated. Clinicians who switched ARV regimen of experienced PLWH should be aware of this side effect and of this potentially consequences on the global health.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"54-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Is SARS-CoV-2 the only cause of long-COVID? SARS-CoV-2是长covid的唯一原因吗?

IF 2.2 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2022-12-28 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.22000025

Ilduara Pintos-Pascual, Victor Moreno-Torres, Fatima Ibánez-Estéllez, Pilar Corrales-Rodriguez, Ana Treviño, Manuel Corpas, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano, Carmen de Mendoza

{"title":"Is SARS-CoV-2 the only cause of long-COVID?","authors":"Ilduara Pintos-Pascual, Victor Moreno-Torres, Fatima Ibánez-Estéllez, Pilar Corrales-Rodriguez, Ana Treviño, Manuel Corpas, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano, Carmen de Mendoza","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000025","url":null,"abstract":"Around 10% of adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 that survive a first episode of COVID-19 appear to experience long-term clinical manifestations. The signs and symptoms of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) include fatigue, dyspnea, joint pain, myalgia, chest pain, cough, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, depression, anxiety, memory loss, concentration difficulties, and insomnia. These sequelae remind the constellation of clinical manifestations previously recognized as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) or chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). This condition has been described following distinct infectious events, mostly acute viral illnesses. In this way, the pathophysiology of PACS might overlap with mechanisms involved in other post-infectious fatigue syndromes. The risk of PACS is more frequent in women than men. Additional host genetic factors could be involved. There is a dysregulation of multiple body organs and systems, involving the immune system, the coagulation cascade, endocrine organs, autonomic nervous system, microbiota-gut-brain axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, etc. Hypothetically, an abnormal response to certain infectious agents could trigger the development of postinfectious fatigue syndromes.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"24 4","pages":"183-196"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10460099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8