AIDS reviews最新文献

HIV/AIDS in Pakistan - progress, barriers, and future directions 巴基斯坦的人体免疫机能丧失病毒/后天免疫机能丧失综合症——进展、障碍和未来方向。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.24000017

Hasnain Javed, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Sheraz-Zafar, Aroob Akram, Mehmood Qadir, Muhammad Zeeshan-Hyder, Warda Fatima, Abida Bano

{"title":"HIV/AIDS in Pakistan - progress, barriers, and future directions","authors":"Hasnain Javed, Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Sheraz-Zafar, Aroob Akram, Mehmood Qadir, Muhammad Zeeshan-Hyder, Warda Fatima, Abida Bano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.24000017","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.24000017","url":null,"abstract":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was first reported in Pakistan in 1987. Initially believed to have a low HIV prevalence mainly confined to high-risk groups such as injection drug users (IDUs) and commercial sex workers. However, HIV prevalence has steadily increased, with Punjab and Sindh provinces reporting the highest rates. Heterosexual transmission is the most frequent transmission route. High-risk populations include IDUs, men having sex with men, commercial sex workers, as well as truck drivers and miners. Furthermore, HIV has spread from urban centers to rural areas. The World Health Organization has reported over 200,000 HIV cases in Pakistan, making it the second-largest HIV-positive nation in Asia after India. The proportion of undiagnosed individuals is high and antiretroviral coverage is suboptimal. Fear of societal discrimination often leads individuals with HIV to hide their status, further spreading the virus. Mother-to-child transmission is another significant concern. Challenges in patient adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) exist, with many patients missing follow-up appointments. ART access due to shortages is frequent stemming from the reliance on imports. To mitigate the growing burden of HIV in Pakistan, it is essential to prioritize prevention through awareness campaigns and robust screening and antiretroviral programs targeting high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":" ","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143603551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simplification of antiretroviral therapy: comparative review of two-drug and three-drug regimens in HIV treatment. 简化抗逆转录病毒治疗：艾滋病毒治疗中两药和三药方案的比较回顾。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2025-02-17 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M25000081

Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Javier Martínez-Sanz

{"title":"Simplification of antiretroviral therapy: comparative review of two-drug and three-drug regimens in HIV treatment.","authors":"Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Javier Martínez-Sanz","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M25000081","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M25000081","url":null,"abstract":"Combined antiretroviral therapies have revolutionized HIV management. Triple-drug regimens (3DR) have been the cornerstone of HIV treatment, which provide durable virologic suppression, reduce HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and improve immune reconstitution. However, 3DR are associated to long-term toxicities. In certain settings, two-drug regimens (2DR) present non-inferior virological efficacy compared to 3DR and may improve tolerability and adherence. In this review, we examine the efficacy, safety, and patient-centered outcomes of 3DR and 2DR, and the potential benefits of transitioning from triple to dual therapy regimens in people with HIV. We conducted a literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for studies published between January 2010 and June 2024. Overall data support the non-inferior efficacy of 2DR to 3DR in the management of HIV, with no evidence of an increased risk of subclinical failure with dual therapy. Switching from 3DR to 2DR may reduce the risk of drug interactions and toxicity. Within the 2DR, the long-acting therapies represent the most innovative dual therapy since they simplify the treatment by reducing from triple to dual therapy along shifting from daily pills to bi-monthly injections. Long-acting 2DR are effective, provide high levels of satisfaction, and improve adherence and quality of life.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":" ","pages":"16-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immunopathology and therapeutic strategies for long COVID: mechanisms, manifestations, and clinical implications. 长期COVID的免疫病理学和治疗策略：机制、表现和临床意义。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.24000018

Enaam M Junainah, Azza H Abd-El-Rahman, Amin A Alamin, Khalid E Hassan, Basem H Elesawy, Ahmed H Elrashidy, Amal A Alhosary, Hammad Tufail-Chaudhary, Ayman E El-Kenawy, Amna F Bashir, Ghaliah Obaid-Alnefaie, Dalal M Nemenqani, Nihad A El-Nashar, Mostafa Khairy, Nawaf A Al-Thobaiti, Fawaz K Alfahmi, Sama A Taha

{"title":"Immunopathology and therapeutic strategies for long COVID: mechanisms, manifestations, and clinical implications.","authors":"Enaam M Junainah, Azza H Abd-El-Rahman, Amin A Alamin, Khalid E Hassan, Basem H Elesawy, Ahmed H Elrashidy, Amal A Alhosary, Hammad Tufail-Chaudhary, Ayman E El-Kenawy, Amna F Bashir, Ghaliah Obaid-Alnefaie, Dalal M Nemenqani, Nihad A El-Nashar, Mostafa Khairy, Nawaf A Al-Thobaiti, Fawaz K Alfahmi, Sama A Taha","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.24000018","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.24000018","url":null,"abstract":"Long coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a complex, multifactorial condition characterized by persistent symptoms lasting more than 12 weeks following acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, but chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, and viral persistence are increasingly being implicated. This study investigated the immunopathological drivers of long COVID-19 and their associations with clinical manifestations and organ damage. A prospective, longitudinal cohort study was conducted on 200 COVID-19 survivors aged 18-65 years, in which immune markers, autoantibody profiles, lymphocyte dysfunction, and imaging findings were assessed over a 12-month period. Persistent inflammation was observed, with elevated interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α ± levels correlated with lung fibrosis and cognitive impairment. Autoantibodies were detected in 40% of the participants, particularly those with cardiovascular and neurological symptoms. A significant reduction in CD8+ T-cell counts was associated with severe fatigue and cognitive dysfunction, whereas persistent SARS-CoV-2 RNA was identified in 10% of cases, primarily in individuals with gastrointestinal symptoms. Imaging studies revealed multiorgan involvement, with structural abnormalities in the lungs, heart, and brain. These findings highlight the interplay of immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and autoimmunity in long-term COVID-19, underscoring the need for targeted therapeutic strategies to address its long-term health impacts.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"27 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spectrum of infectious pathogens in patients with primary or secondary immunodeficiency. 原发性或继发性免疫缺陷患者的感染性病原体谱。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.24000012

Shijie Zou, Wei Zou, Quancheng Li

引用次数: 0

Rising in Listeria monocytogenes infection – any risk for persons living with HIV? 单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染上升-对艾滋病毒感染者有危险吗？

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M25000082

Elena Vázquez, Víctor Moreno-Torres, Vicente Soriano

引用次数: 0

Sexually transmitted infections keep rising up. 性传播感染不断上升。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSREV.M24000077

Vicente Soriano, Ana Treviño

引用次数: 0

The burden of HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics in Ivory Coast. 象牙海岸 HIV-1 和 HIV-2 流行病的负担。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000076

Bérenger Konan, Carmen de Mendoza, Christ-Hermannn Kouadio, Eric Martial-Yao, Fernando de Jesús, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano

{"title":"The burden of HIV-1 and HIV-2 epidemics in Ivory Coast.","authors":"Bérenger Konan, Carmen de Mendoza, Christ-Hermannn Kouadio, Eric Martial-Yao, Fernando de Jesús, Octavio Corral, Vicente Soriano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000076","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000076","url":null,"abstract":"Simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV) infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz) and sooty mangabeys (SIVsm) are, respectively, the biological precursors of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) Types 1 and 2. Former French colonies in West Africa are the regions where retroviruses first jumped from primates to humans. Ivory Coast is nowadays a country of over 29 million people, being 2% (580,000) persons living with HIV (PLWH). However, one-quarter remains undiagnosed. Heterosexual transmission is by far the most frequent mechanism of HIV acquisition and women exhibit higher rates of infection than men. Despite preventive measures, HIV infection in children throughout breastfeeding remains significant. The proportion of PLWH carrying HIV-1 is rising whereas conversely HIV-2 carriers are steadily declining. A nationwide survey conducted on earlier 2024 showed that a total of 188,880 PLWH were on follow-up. HIV-1 infection was found in 163,947, HIV-2 in 5,114, and coinfection in 3,182. HIV type was not reported for 7,500. Antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir, lamivudine, and dolutegravir is by far the most frequently prescribed regimen in Ivory Coast (n = 168,543). Viral suppression is recognized in 94.3% of treated PLWH, despite one-third acknowledging unwanted treatment interruptions after failure of stock supplies. Given shared transmission routes with HIV, coinfection with other human retroviruses such as Human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) and/or hepatitis viruses B, C, and delta are frequent in Ivory Coast. Coinfections remain largely undiagnosed and poorly managed. In summary, the HIV pandemic caused by both HIV-1 and HIV-2 is a major public health challenge in Ivory Coast, where strategies for expanding diagnosis, sustain antiretroviral treatment, and manage coinfections warrant further efforts.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":" ","pages":"151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142602842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monkeypox 2024 outbreak. 猴痘 2024 年爆发

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000075

Vicente Soriano, Pablo Barreiro

引用次数: 0

Playing catching up: Proceedings of the 1^st Spanish conference on genomic medicine. 迎头赶上：第一届西班牙基因组医学会议记录。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000074

Manuel Corpas, Vicente Soriano, Teresa Perucho, Juan S Rincón-Redondo, Manuel Pérez-Alonso, Juan A G Ranea, Carmen de Mendoza, Federico Morán

{"title":"Playing catching up: Proceedings of the 1st Spanish conference on genomic medicine.","authors":"Manuel Corpas, Vicente Soriano, Teresa Perucho, Juan S Rincón-Redondo, Manuel Pérez-Alonso, Juan A G Ranea, Carmen de Mendoza, Federico Morán","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000074","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000074","url":null,"abstract":"On May 23-24, 2024, the 1st Spanish Conference on Genomic Medicine convened in Madrid, Spain. An international and multidisciplinary group of experts gathered to discuss the current state and prospects of genomic medicine in the Spanish-speaking world. There were 278 attendees from Latin America, US, UK, Germany, and Spain, and the topics covered included rare diseases, genome medicine in national health systems (NHSs), artificial intelligence, and commercial development ventures. One particular area of attention was our still sketchy understanding of genome variants. This is evidenced by the fact that many diagnoses in rare diseases continue to yield odysseys that take years, with up to 50% of cases that may go undiagnosed. Since a lot of the genome remains to poorly understood, as new technologies such as long read sequencing become more ubiquitous and cheaper, it is expected that current gaps in genome references will improve. However, disparities within the NHSs suggest that advancements do not necessarily rely on resources but the appropriate regulation and pathways for education of professionals being properly implemented. This is where Genomics England can be a clinical genomic implementation example for routine health care. Ethical challenges, including privacy, informed consent, equity, representation, and genetic discrimination, also require the need for robust legal frameworks and culturally sensitive practices. The future of genomics in Spanish-speaking countries depends on addressing all of these issues. By navigating these challenges responsibly, Spanish-speaking countries can harness the power of genomics to improve health outcomes and advance scientific knowledge, ensuring that the benefits of personalized medicine are realized in an inclusive and equitable manner.","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":" ","pages":"130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strengthen the doctor-patient relationship and avoid administrative stifling. 加强医患关系，避免行政窒息。

IF 1.9 4区医学

AIDS reviews Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.24875/AIDSRev.M24000073

Vicente Soriano, Pablo Barreiro

引用次数: 0