AIDS reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mental health crisis in the youth and rebound in sexually transmitted infections.","authors":"Vicente Soriano, Joaquín González-Cabrera","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"101-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10510962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in people living with HIV and associated risk factors.","authors":"Mina Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Nayer Mehdizad,&nbsp;Fatemeh Yeganeh-Sefidan,&nbsp;Hanie Safarpour,&nbsp;Abdol S Pagheh,&nbsp;Amir Pouremamali,&nbsp;Somayeh Shiralizadeh,&nbsp;Ali Ghodrati,&nbsp;Sana Jafari,&nbsp;Firooz Shahrivar,&nbsp;Siamak Heidarzadeh,&nbsp;Mahboobeh Montazeri,&nbsp;Mohammad Yousef-Memar,&nbsp;Sonia M Rodrigues-Oliveira,&nbsp;Maria de-Lourdes-Pereira,&nbsp;Apostolos Beloukas,&nbsp;Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi,&nbsp;Aleksandra Barac,&nbsp;Milad Shirvaliloo,&nbsp;Ehsan Ahmadpour","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000008","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People living with HIV (PLWH) constitute a vulnerable population for acquiring additional sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study was conducted to provide a summary of the evidence on the global prevalence of STIs in PLWH with an emphasis on infectious agents, diagnostic methods, and related risk factors. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched to include records published from January 01, 1990, to January 31, 2022, and the Google Scholar search engine was used to check the search strategy. In total, 132 eligible studies reporting STIs in PLWH were included, enrolling subjects from 35 countries across five continents. The pooled proportion of STIs was estimated to be 30.23% (95% CI, 26.1-34.45%) in PLWH and 20.01% (95% CI, 17.17-23.01%) in HIV-negative patients. Our meta-analysis indicated that in PLWH, the pooled OR of STIs compared to HIV-negatives was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.58-1.98) (p < 0.0001). The pooled OR of STIs by viral infectious agents was highest in PLWH (52.19% [95% CI: 43.88-60.43]) compared with fungal (22.19% [95% CI: 15.64-29.53]), bacterial (19.07% [95% CI: 13.59-26.63]), and parasitic (14.05% [95% CI: 11.88-16.38]) infections. Our findings show that there is a rather significant frequency of STIs among PLWH. This study highlights the need for new programs for the detection, treatment, and prevention of STIs in this at-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"105-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50160393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weight gain in HIV-infected patients.","authors":"Antoni Pla Rodríguez,&nbsp;Isabel Serrano Lillo,&nbsp;Cristina Sánchez González,&nbsp;María J Galindo","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M22000057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since its emergence, HIV has been linked to metabolic alterations with an impact on the distribution of fat and the weight of people living with HIV. While extreme weight loss and processes such as lipodystrophy were of concern at first, in recent years, and with the appearance of increasingly effective and better tolerated drugs, an abnormal weight gain is paradoxically taking place among people living with HIV. Although this weight gain is a multifactorial process in which lifestyle habits, physical exercise or diet have a great impact, antiretroviral treatment has been recently considered as one of the key causes of this increase according to different clinical trials and real-life cohorts. The use of integrase inhibitors, specifically dolutegravir or bictegravir, and being female and/or from African/American origin appear to contribute to weight gain. In contrast, drugs such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate would be protective factors. Even though different mechanisms of action have been proposed by which these agents would cause weight gain, the exact processes remain unclarified. Efforts are currently focused on knowing not only these mechanisms, but, more importantly, on finding the clinical relevance that this abnormal weight gain could have in other pathologies such as diabetes or cardiovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"14-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rebound in sexually transmitted infections after the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Vicente Soriano,&nbsp;Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla,&nbsp;Lucía Gallego,&nbsp;José V Fernández-Montero,&nbsp;Carmen de Mendoza,&nbsp;Pablo Barreiro","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000015","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have become the second in the global rating of infectious diseases after respiratory infections. Globally, over 1 million, new STI is diagnosed every day. Although four conditions are the most representative and of obligatory declaration (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), there are many other prevalent STI, including trichomona, herpes simplex, papillomavirus, and viral hepatitis. Herein, we perform a narrative and retrospective review, analyzing information from public databases from distinct Spanish government institutions. STI significantly declined in Spain during 2020 as a result of lockdown and social isolation measures dictated in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. After releasing restrictions, a major STI rebound occurred in 2021. Increases were 49% for gonorrhea, 45% for HIV, 39% for chlamydia, and 32% for syphilis. Based on nationwide statistics, we build a narrative review of the recent STI surge after COVID-19. In summary, we propose a holistic approach to confront the current re-emergence of STI. On one hand, new innovative medical advances must be implemented, including new rapid tests, novel vaccines, pre-exposure prophylaxis beyond HIV, and long-acting antivirals. On the other hand, information to citizens needs to be reformulated with interventions aimed to build a healthier society, alike it has been undertaken with tobacco, alcohol, diet, and lifestyle. STI determines important sexual, reproductive, and maternal-child health consequences. To promote human well-being or flourishing, the education of adolescents and young adults should be aligned with human ecology. Therefore, it is urgent to address new approaches in sexual health that represent a clear benefit for individual persons and society. In this way, favoring a cultural evolution aimed to delay the age of first sexual intercourse and the avoidance of multiple sex partners should be prioritized.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50160392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial damage as cause of long COVID.","authors":"Ilduara Pintos,&nbsp;Vicente Soriano","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000063","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50160391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison on treatment outcomes of patients enrolled on anti-retroviral therapy at different levels of the health-care system in a high HIV/AIDS setting.","authors":"Bokwena Moali, Lebapotswe B Tlale, Bornapate Nkomo, Moses Otieno, Nathanael Sirili, Marius Nsoh, Avelina Mgasa, Anissette Ngum-Busi, Ketshepile Taylor, Nokuthula Majingo, Esther Seloilwe, Yohana Mashalla","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000016","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV/AIDS prevalence in Botswana is amongst the highest in the world and remains a significant public health problem. however, the introduction of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) lead to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality. Decentralization of anti-retroviral therapy has improved access to treatment for people living with HIV. Treatment outcomes for patient initiated on treatment at different levels of care is unknown and this study seeks to compare treatment outcomes of patients enrolled on ART at different levels of the health care. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study that included review of data from January 2017 to December 2018. The study was conducted in 2 health districts in the country. Nine hundred and sixty (960) patient's record were included in analysis. More than half (63%) of patients were enrolled at primary care level while 37% were at tertiary level. Sixty one percent (n = 587) were female while 39% (n = 373) were males. There were no statistically significant differences in viral load suppression after 12 months of treatment between patients enrolled at tertiary level and primary care level, x2 = 0.75, p value = 0.56. Time to initiation was longer at tertiary (median = 126) compared to primary are level (median = 18), p < 0.001. We reccommend further decentralization of ART services to lower levels of the health care system to initiate PLWHIV early on treatment and improve their health outcomes and reduce transmission through treatment by prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 4","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139428893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral hepatitis in persons living with HIV in the post-COVID era.","authors":"Vicente Soriano,&nbsp;Víctor Moreno-Torres,&nbsp;Carmen de Mendoza,&nbsp;Octavio Corral,&nbsp;Pablo Barreiro","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.M23000061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coinfection with hepatitis viruses A to E is frequent in persons living with HIV (PLWH) and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Oro-fecal transmissible hepatitis A and E mostly produce acute self-limited episodes in poor income regions and in non-vaccinated travelers. In high-income countries, outbreaks of hepatitis A occur in men having sex with men (MSM) and chronic hepatitis E is occasionally reported among PLWH with severe immunodeficiency. Chronic hepatitis B, C, and D are frequent in PLWH in highly endemic regions and globally in persons who inject drugs (PWID) and MSM. Progression to liver cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is major clinical complications in coinfected patients. Current estimates for PLWH are of 38 million worldwide. Roughly 12% have chronic viral hepatitis (5 million). Coinfection figures are of 5-10% for HBV (2-4 million), 4% for HCV (1.5 million), and 15% of HBsAg+ for HDV (0.5 million). Oral direct-acting antivirals (DAA) cure almost all treated patients with hepatitis C. However, given that there is no protective HCV immunity, PLWH with high-risk behaviors may experience HCV reinfection episodes. Tenofovir is the drug of choice in PLWH with chronic hepatitis B, given its dual effect on HIV and HBV. Lifelong oral tenofovir suppresses HBV replication and ameliorate liver damage. However, the risk of HCC persists even in the absence of cirrhosis. Finally, HDV causes the worst of viral hepatitis with faster progression to cirrhosis and HCC. An entry inhibitor, bulevirtide, has recently been approved and another drug, lonafarnib, is completing Phase 3 trials. Combination antiviral therapy for hepatitis D could improve dramatically the poor prognosis of HIV-HDV coinfected patients. The resumption of good medical practices in PLWH after the big disruption caused by COVID-19 will reduce the burden of viral hepatitis coinfections. Renewed efforts on HAV and HBV vaccination of susceptible individuals and earlier and wider prescription of antiviral therapy for HBV, HCV, and/or HDV coinfection should be prioritized in PLWH. The benefits of innovative strategies for viral hepatitis, including pre-exposure prophylaxis or use of long-acting antivirals, warrant further consideration in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of the brief symptom inventory among youth living with HIV: a scoping review.","authors":"Natasha Richmond, Alyssa Steinbaum, Nicholas Tarantino, Nidhi Bhaskar, Laura Whiteley, Jacob J van den Berg","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000016","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The brief symptom inventory (BSI), a 53-item measure that assesses psychological distress, is a popular tool for measuring mental health symptoms among youth living with HIV (YLH) in the United States (US); however, it has been used inconsistently with this population. This scoping review summarizes discrepancies in the use of the BSI to identify opportunities to improve systematism and make recommendations for clinicians and researchers, and highlights correlates of psychological distress among YLH as measured by the BSI. Databases searched included PsycINFO, PubMed, and CENTRAL. Eligible studies that assessed psychological distress using the BSI among YLH, were conducted in the US, and were written in English. Of the 237 articles identified, 57 were selected for inclusion. Studies investigated associations between BSI scores and several variables, including pre- versus post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) era, ART adherence, sexual risk behavior, substance use, stigma, social support, self-efficacy, mode of HIV infection, and sexual orientation. There was variation in BSI elements used as outcome measures, sample age ranges, and reporting of mean scores and cutoff t-scores. 89.5% (n = 51) of studies did not report which BSI norms were used in their data analysis, and 68.4% of studies (n = 39) did not report the cut-off t-score value used. Variability in study objectives restricted this study to a scoping review rather than a meta-analysis. Generalizability to non-US settings is another limitation. More consistency in how the BSI is used among YLH is needed to accurately identify distress among YLH and provide tailored interventions to address their unique challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 2","pages":"88-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10019097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the M184V resistance mutation on treatment outcomes in patients with HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mahmoud Kandeel","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000002","DOIUrl":"10.24875/AIDSRev.23000002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV is a global deliberating infectious disease. Of note, more than 36 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) with approximately newly diagnosed 1.5 million cases annually. M184V is a single base mutation in the highly conserved YMDD domain of reverse transcriptase (RT). It is one of the most encountered resistances associated with mutations to nucleoside RT inhibitors. There were continuous efforts to evaluate the impact of M184V mutation on the treatment outcomes in PLHIV. Therefore, the present systematic review was executed to reveal the virological failure, virological suppression, and resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in PLHIV with the M184V mutation. All clinical studies comparing the treatment outcomes among PLHIV harboring or not harboring M184V mutation were appropriate for systematic review and meta-analysis. The present systematic review included six articles, encompassing 4760 PLHIV. Of them, 1222 (25.67%) patients had M184V mutation, while 3538 (74.32%) PLHIV did not. The meta-analysis showed that patients with M184V mutation were 1.87 times more liable to virological failure (risk ratio [RR] 1.87; 95% 1.09, 3.20; p = 0.02). Furthermore, pooling the data from two studies revealed a significantly higher risk of viral blips (RR 2.26; 95% 1.47, 3.46; p = 0.0002). Concerning discontinuation of ART, there was no statistical difference between patients with and without M184V mutation (RR: 0.99; 95% 0.78, 1.25; p = 0.90). The present study revealed the negative impact of the M184V mutation on treatment outcomes in PLHIV. This included a higher risk of virological failure and viral blips, relative to patients without the mutation. Such patients may benefit from more aggressive and combined therapy for better disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"26 3","pages":"136-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50160394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new profile of psychiatric disorders in patients with HIV infection.","authors":"Lucía Gallego Deike,&nbsp;Pablo Barreiro,&nbsp;Blanca Reneses","doi":"10.24875/AIDSRev.22000030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24875/AIDSRev.22000030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nowadays, HIV infection is largely considered as a chronic condition rather than a deadly disease, given that effective antiretroviral treatment allows almost complete and persistent suppression of viral replication and restoration of nearly normal CD4+ T-cell counts. Being HIV a \"condition\", we imply that other illnesses are more frequently seen in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), among which mental health disorders are particularly common. Despite very successful antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection may still cause a wide range of neurocognitive dysfunctions and accelerated brain ageing. Beyond direct viral effects, at least another five causes of neurological damage are more frequent among PLHIV. First, the use of neurochemical substances as sexual boosters (chemsex) has become popular in this population. Second, the rate of sexually transmitted infections as syphilis, which may affect the central nervous system, is more prevalent among PLHIV. Third, the use of certain antiretroviral drugs, such as efavirenz, has been associated with changes in mood and/or psychotic symptoms. Fourth, an increased rate of mental disorders has been reported in PLHIV, either as predisposing conditions or following the recognition of HIV diagnosis (i.e., major depression). Finally, psychosocial factors such as loneliness, isolation and stigmatization are more frequent in PLHIV and worsen their mental health. Given that the life expectancy of PLHIV has increased significantly, a new and much broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders has emerged in PLHIV. Early diagnosis and adequate management, including education and preventative interventions are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7685,"journal":{"name":"AIDS reviews","volume":"25 1","pages":"41-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9175707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}