HIV感染患者精神障碍的新概况。

IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q4 IMMUNOLOGY
Lucía Gallego Deike, Pablo Barreiro, Blanca Reneses
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引用次数: 1

摘要

如今,HIV感染在很大程度上被认为是一种慢性疾病,而不是一种致命疾病,因为有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗可以几乎完全和持续地抑制病毒复制,并恢复接近正常的CD4+ t细胞计数。由于艾滋病毒是一种"状况",我们的意思是,其他疾病在艾滋病毒感染者(PLHIV)身上更为常见,其中精神健康障碍尤为常见。尽管抗逆转录病毒治疗非常成功,但艾滋病毒感染仍可能导致广泛的神经认知功能障碍和加速大脑衰老。除了直接的病毒作用外,至少还有另外五种导致神经损伤的原因在PLHIV中更为常见。首先,在这一人群中,使用神经化学物质作为性促进剂(chemsex)已经变得很流行。其次,梅毒等性传播感染在hiv感染者中更为普遍,梅毒可能会影响中枢神经系统。第三,使用某些抗逆转录病毒药物,如依非韦伦,与情绪和/或精神病症状的变化有关。第四,据报道,在PLHIV中,精神障碍的发生率有所增加,无论是作为易感条件还是在确认HIV诊断后(即重度抑郁症)。最后,孤独、孤立和污名化等社会心理因素在艾滋病毒感染者中更为常见,并使其心理健康状况恶化。鉴于PLHIV的预期寿命显著增加,PLHIV中出现了一种新的更广泛的精神疾病。早期诊断和适当的管理,包括教育和预防性干预是必要的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The new profile of psychiatric disorders in patients with HIV infection.

Nowadays, HIV infection is largely considered as a chronic condition rather than a deadly disease, given that effective antiretroviral treatment allows almost complete and persistent suppression of viral replication and restoration of nearly normal CD4+ T-cell counts. Being HIV a "condition", we imply that other illnesses are more frequently seen in persons living with HIV (PLHIV), among which mental health disorders are particularly common. Despite very successful antiretroviral therapy, HIV infection may still cause a wide range of neurocognitive dysfunctions and accelerated brain ageing. Beyond direct viral effects, at least another five causes of neurological damage are more frequent among PLHIV. First, the use of neurochemical substances as sexual boosters (chemsex) has become popular in this population. Second, the rate of sexually transmitted infections as syphilis, which may affect the central nervous system, is more prevalent among PLHIV. Third, the use of certain antiretroviral drugs, such as efavirenz, has been associated with changes in mood and/or psychotic symptoms. Fourth, an increased rate of mental disorders has been reported in PLHIV, either as predisposing conditions or following the recognition of HIV diagnosis (i.e., major depression). Finally, psychosocial factors such as loneliness, isolation and stigmatization are more frequent in PLHIV and worsen their mental health. Given that the life expectancy of PLHIV has increased significantly, a new and much broader spectrum of psychiatric disorders has emerged in PLHIV. Early diagnosis and adequate management, including education and preventative interventions are warranted.

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来源期刊
AIDS reviews
AIDS reviews 医学-传染病学
CiteScore
3.40
自引率
4.50%
发文量
41
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: AIDS Reviews publishes papers reporting original scientific, clinical, epidemiologic and social research which contribute to the overall knowledge of the field of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and human retrovirology. Currently, the Journal publishes review articles (usually by invitation, but spontaneous submitted articles will also be considered). Manuscripts submitted to AIDS Reviews will be accepted on the understanding that the authors have not submitted the paper to another journal or published the material elsewhere.
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