The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association最新文献

{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on parental stress and parenting practices during quarantine","authors":"D. Khalifa, Suzan Hagag, Walaa Fakher","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_41_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_41_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal disease that is caused by SARS-COV2. Various types of stress have developed during the COVID-19 pandemic and have confronted many parents with challenging tasks. In aim of this study was to assess the parental stress during COVID-19 quarantine and its impact on the parenting practices during this critical period. Patients and methods This was a cross-sectional study in which 194 participants (parents of children aged 3–12 years) were recruited using a convenience and snowball sampling method through some Facebook and WhatsApp groups targeting parents with the required age. Cohen-Perceived Stress Scale Parenting practices during COVID-19-related questions were used to assess parenting stress and practices. Results More than two-thirds of participants were stressed (67%) according to the perceived stress scale. There was statistically significant difference between the age group of parents and perceived stress, P- value of 0.032. There was statistically significant difference between perceived stress and ways of punishment with a P value of 0.03. Majority of parents encouraged hobbies (71.1%) while less than half of the parents talked kindly with children, played with them, and described what happened to them (47.4, 41.8, and 46.4%, respectively). Conclusion Parental stress during quarantine is a significant risk factor on child abuse and maltreatment. It significantly affects the different domains of the parenting practices which consequently affect the child’s behavior.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"53 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48671913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological crisis intervention protocol for isolated coronavirus disease 2019 patients","authors":"Mohamed R. Soltan, M. Dawoud","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_25_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_25_21","url":null,"abstract":"The WHO declared the current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic shook the entire world on January 2020 last year and is still posing a major threat to the entire humanity. In order to manage the urgent psychological need for support in response to the anticipated reaction of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic, the authors, who are members of Psychiatry Department, Fayoum University, Egypt, developed a new psychological crisis intervention model by implementing a psychological support system. The idea came to light at the time of the first wave of COVID-19 in Egypt, at the mid of May 2020 when the negative psychological impact of the virus was observed and constituted a great demand on the outcome of the virus. It will make a sound basis for developing a more effective psychological crisis intervention response system.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49091608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric comorbidities in adolescents with substance-use disorder","authors":"Hytham El Badry, M. Fahmy, Ashraf El Tantawy, Khalida Anwar, M. Elsayed","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_30_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_30_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Comorbidity between substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders has been excessively documented in adults while rarely been investigated in adolescents. Aim The study investigated the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Patients and methods It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 120 adolescent patients aged 13–19 with substance-use disorder attending psychiatric health facilities in Suez Canal region. Data were collected using comprehensive psychiatric history, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, complete physical and neurological examination, and urine toxicology screen. Results Most of the study-sample participants were polysubstance abusers (89.1%). Cannabis was the commonest substance abused (90.8%). More than half of the patients (53.3%) had psychiatric comorbidity with onset before the abuse of the substance, 27.5% had psychiatric comorbidity after abusing the substance, and 19.2% had no psychiatric comorbidity. Major depressive disorder was the most prevalent disorder (40.8%) among the patients, followed by conduct disorder (38.3%). Conclusion Depression and conduct disorder are the most common psychiatric disorders among adolescent patients with substance-use disorder.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"42 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48420883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Later life depression as a risk factor for developing dementia: how much influence does the post-pandemic era have?","authors":"Lina Arce, A. Ardila, Diana Caicedo-Posso, K. Molina-Perea, Ivan Lozada-Martinez","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_34_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_34_21","url":null,"abstract":"By the year 2050, it is estimated that at least 20% of the world’s population will be over the age of 65. Depression in late life is a serious public health problem that has a negative and substantial impact on the quality of life of older adults, their families, and their social circle. Depression, in turn, constitutes a risk and prognostic factor for the development or worsening of dementia, a condition present in about 10% of the population over 60 years of age, and which increases and intensifies with age, being up to 40% at age 90. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, aspects such as persistent isolation and loneliness, socioeconomic distress, lack of family and professional support, fear of illness and death, are potential negative risk factors for developing depression and worsening the prognosis of dementia in older adults.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"59 - 61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D serum level and its correlation in obsessive–compulsive disorder","authors":"Mohamed Mohamed, Ahmed Mohamed, Marwa A. El Missiry, M. Gamal","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_21_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_21_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim Vitamin D has a long-known critical function in calcium metabolism and its role in proliferation, differentiation, and immunomodulation. A lot of studies report that low vitamin D serum level might be a risk factor contributing for the development of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of sociodemographic factors on vitamin D and assess how prevalent is the hypovitaminosis D and its relation with OCD. Patients and methods In this study, data were collected from 50 participants of OCD males aged from 18 to 40 years. Vitamin D serum levels of participants in this study were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results There is no significant relation regarding vitamin D level and OCD symptom severity found in our study. There is no statistically significant difference between participants of case group with low vitamin D levels (deficient and insufficient) in relation to OCD symptoms and severity. Conclusion There is a relation between low vitamin D serum level and OCD. However, there is no relation between vitamin D serum level, symptoms, or severity of OCD.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"48 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41577690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depression in addiction: magnitude of the problem","authors":"Hassan Sonbol","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_38_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_38_21","url":null,"abstract":"Aim Anxiety, depression, and substance-use disorders are common comorbidities in psychiatry and this is evidenced in the previous epidemiologic studies. The current study was conducted to evaluate anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with substance-use disorder, also to detect the correlation between the degree of anxiety and depression on one hand and the sociodemographic variables and drug use-related problems on the other hand. Patients and methods A case–control study was carried out at Mansoura University Psychiatry Department (Addiction Unit), from December 2020 to the end of June 2021. A sample of 50 patients with substance-use disorder were included in the study according to the following criteria: (a) 18 years or older, (b) currently with the diagnosis of substance-use disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, and (c) acceptance of the participation in the study, also with the following exclusion criteria: (a) the patient had known psychiatric diagnoses before being diagnosed with substance-use disorder, (b) the patient was intellectually disabled or has an organic brain disorder, and (c) the patient has chronic medical conditions. The control group of 50 individuals without a past or current history of substance-use disorder and free from chronic medical conditions as well. Results The present study was conducted on 50 age-matched and sex-matched groups, mean age of the studied groups is 29 (6.62) and 29.36 (6.56) for patients and control groups, respectively. Among the studied cases, 94% are polysubstance users, 90% have multiple routes for drug intake, 34.0% have peer pressure as the main reason for addiction, and 90% have started substance use from more than 1 year. Beck depression and Beck anxiety scores illustrate a statistically significant difference between the studied group with higher severity of depression and anxiety among the studied patients than the control group; moderate, severe, and extreme depression is detected among patients only and 32% of the patients’ group are suffering from mild anxiety, while 50% have moderate anxiety and severe anxiety was found among 18% of the studied cases. A statistically significant positive correlation is detected between Beck anxiety and drug-use identification test score (r=0.384, P=0.006). There is no statistically significant association between sociodemographic data and drug-use identification test among the studied cases (P>0.05). Conclusion Substance-use disorder is associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms of variable degree. There is a remarkable association between the presence of anxiety and depression on the one hand and the severity of drug-related problems on the other hand. Depression and anxiety are commonly present together in patients with substance-use disorders.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"27 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46058724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety and depression regression and correlation as to rheumatoid arthritis patients’ clinical and sociodemographic characteristics","authors":"S. Rabei, Hasan el Sonbaty","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_10_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_10_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Studying anxiety and depression correlates to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ clinical and sociodemographic characteristics is rare in Egypt, so it is necessary to conduct this study. Results In total, 40 patients in rheumatology clinics of the Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, assessed by International Classification of Diseases Version 10 symptom checklist and disease activity score 28, rendered a positive correlation between BMI and depression; regression of anxiety over the level of education; also regression of depression over the presence of comorbidity. Conclusion BMI, the presence of comorbidities, and level of education with RA relate to the presence of anxiety and depression in patients with RA.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"23 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48551163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relation between pattern of feeding and behavior & mental health disorders among children","authors":"Enas Abdurrahman, T. Elzayat, Rania A. Hamed, Amira Hassan","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_7_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_7_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The benefits of breastfeeding are innumerable, such as a reduction in the risk of acute otitis media, gastroenteritis, severe lower respiratory tract infections, atopic dermatitis, asthma (young children), obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes, childhood leukemia, additionally may reduce the risk of psychological and behavioral disorders among children. Aim To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on behavioral and mental health disorders of school-age children. Patients and methods This case–control comparative study was carried out on a group of children aged from 6 to 12 years, who were divided into two groups: the patient group included 50 children who were diagnosed with behavioral and mental health disorders according to DSM 5 criteria of diagnosis and were recruited from the outpatient psychiatry clinic of Al-Zahraa Hospital University during the period from March 2020 to September 2020 and a control group with apparently healthy children with no history of psychological manifestations matched in number, age, and sex with the patient group. Result The mean age was 8.4±2.2 years. There were 15 (30.0%) female and 35 (70.0%) male patients, with the highest percentage having attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) (72.0%), followed by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (24.0%), learning disorder (10.0%), and conduct disorder (2.0%). The majority of the cases (29) were mixed fed (58.0%), 11 (22.0%) were artificially fed, and 10 (20.0%) were breastfed. There was a highly statistically significant difference between artificial (bottle) feeding and mixed feeding regarding behavioral disease as ADHD and OCD were highly significant, with P value more than 0.001. Moreover, there was a highly statistically significant difference between the duration of breastfeeding less than or equal to 6 months and ADHD and OCD. Conclusions Breastfeeding has been demonstrated that is inversely associated to behavioral and mental health disorders as increase the duration of breastfeeding associated with decrease the incidence of psychological and behavioral disorders.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"128 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of age on the degree of improvement of pragmatics in delayed language developed children","authors":"R. maghraby, W. Sayed, H. Wafa","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_14_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_14_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background The study of actual language use is called “pragmatics.” The literal meaning of an utterance is necessary, but not sufficient for the partner to reconstruct the meaning conveyed by the actor. The interventions of pragmatic impairments depend mainly on improving the four important aspects for any effective social communication contexts that are social interactions, social cognition, language processing, and pragmatic skills. Aim The paper aims to study the effect of age on pragmatic intervention to decide what age is more appropriate to give the better response of pragmatic impaired children. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 20 children with pragmatic impairments attending the Unit of Phoniatrics, in the outpatient clinic of Alexandria Main University Hospital. The children of the study were divided into two groups: group A: 10 children with pragmatic skill impairments aged (5–<6.5) years old and group B: 10 children with pragmatic skills impairments aged (6.5–8) years old. First, Initial assessment: (A) elementary diagnostic procedures: history taking, general examination. (B) Clinical diagnostic aids: psychometric evaluation, Arabic language test, and pragmatic language skills evaluation by using the Arabic version of Test of Pragmatic Language second edition, which is a subtest of Comprehensive Arabic language test. Second, Intervention: the program was applied to all children in groups of 2–3 children, one session per week, each session ranging from 45 to 60 min. Two types of interventions were applied which were: (a) direct intervention: typically delivered by speech-language pathologist and (b) indirect interventions: typically consisted of advices and instructions to the parents or to support the generalization of social communication skills in the child’s environment. “Say and Do Positive Pragmatic Fun Sheets” program helps children learn to use appropriate social communication skills in everyday situations. The fun sheets target a variety of social communication skills in the following areas: giving information, persuasion, requesting, problem solving, feelings, appropriate interaction, greetings/politeness, and topic maintenance. The duration of therapy was about 3–6 months. Third, Reevaluation: after a period of 3–6 months of therapy using the protocol of initial assessment. Results A statistically highly significant increase in the scores of the cases of the school-age studied groups A and B was seen when comparing between pre- and posttherapy, and no statistically significant difference when comparing posttherapy scores between the two studied groups. Conclusion There is no difference in improvement degree of pragmatics in the two age groups so starting therapy can be done at any age to improve the pragmatic skills of children.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43928396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrophysiological and psychophysical testing in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder","authors":"Shereen D. Hammer, R. Lasheen, M. Kotait, R. Amer","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_12_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_12_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Multiple techniques are used for understanding, determining the real pathophysiological process, and treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study was to assess cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) as well as P300 in children with ADHD, and its correlation with neurocognitive tests [Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST), digit span (DS), and Stroop test (ST)]. Patients and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was performed on 103 children, who were divided into two groups: 53 children newly diagnosed with ADHD (according to Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed.), who were drug naïve, and 50 normal control matched for age, sex, educational and social level, and intelligence quotient. All participants had detailed psychiatric history, intelligence quotient Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WICS), Conners’ parent/teacher rating scale abbreviated form for ADHD, neuropsychological tests (WCST and Stroop), pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry using GSI 61 audiometer, immittance test using interacoustic, and sustained attention test using auditory continuous performance test (ACPT) P300. Results Children with ADHD had more perseverative responses, more preservative errors, and more failure to maintain set (FMS) than controls in WCST, with a significant difference among study groups. ADHD group was impaired in digit span backward and ST than control group. P300 amplitude and latency were significantly different between the study groups. In comparison with the control group, statistical delayed latencies of significance were observed in ADHD between all CAEP components. A significant difference for P1-N1 amplitude was observed among different components of CAEP, and no significance was observed regarding P2-N2 amplitude. ACPT showed a significant difference between both groups, with higher percentage in control group. Positive correlations were observed between P300 amplitude and WCST (perseverative error), P300 amplitude and ST results, and N2 latency and DS backward. Conclusion Assessment of CAEPs and P300 in children with ADHD, as well as their correlation with neurocognitive tests (WCST, DS, and ST), is crucial in diagnosis and management.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"139 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44048465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}