The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association最新文献

{"title":"Burnout in Egyptian mental health professionals and its relation to their psychosocial and vocational characteristics","authors":"E. Shorub, A. Saad, Tarek El Sehrawy, Mahmoud M. Monzem, S. Rabei","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_5_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_5_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Worldwide studies showed that mental health professionals have high rates of burnout. To date, no studies have looked at burnout in Egyptian mental health professionals, so investigating burnout in this population would be important as it may affect their performance. A total of 156 mental health professionals from three psychiatric hospitals in Cairo (Ain Shams University Hospitals, Abbassyia Mental Hospital, and Psychological Mental Hospital) were investigated for sociodemographic and vocational data using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Clinician Version (SCID-CV) and burnout assessment tool: the Maslach Burnout Inventory in this study. Results Overall, 57.7% of participants had high emotional exhaustion, 21.5% had high depersonalization, and 47.8% had high personal accomplishment on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The number of working hours/week was positively correlated with emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. The number of night shift/month was positively correlated with depersonalization. Conclusion There was high burnout syndrome among mental health professionals in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"123 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41495710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of familial and perinatal risk factors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders: an Egyptian sample","authors":"M. Omar, Dina Y. Elalfy, Michael Sobhi","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) are reported in children who have a higher risk of perinatal complications, reaching up to 35–50% of children born with low birth weight, or preterm, and other natal and neonatal complications. Objective To study the patterns and extent of familial and perinatal risk factors in children with ADHD. Patients and methods The sample was 456 ADHD cases out of 3152 children who were attending a Neurodevelopmental Child Psychiatry Clinic in Cairo, Egypt, from April 2010 to October 2018. The control group was 274 apparently normal children attending the Neurodevelopmental Child Psychiatry Clinic for parental consultations and counseling. Results The most prominent significant risk factors were the existence of attacks of skin allergy and cerclage prenatally, while asphyxia and neonatal ICU admission were significant risk factors postnatally. There was a significant correlation between the cerclage and in-vitro fertilization with no significant correlation with previous abortion. There is a significant correlation with threatened abortion, using drug treatment for threatened abortion, infection, and inflammation during pregnancy, also the placenta was not nutritive, kidney, lung, cardiac problems postnatally, and cesarean section were significantly correlated with cerclage as a risk factor. Conclusions There was a complex interaction of familial and other antenatal risk factors of ADHD, the role of an inadequate maternal and child healthcare delivery system was also evident.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"158 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43570607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anxiety, depression, and stress risk among medical staff during COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center experience","authors":"Mohamed R. Soltan, S. Soliman, M. Dawoud","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_17_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_17_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background The widespread pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus has caused major psychological effects, especially among health care workers who are exposed to high viral load. The aim was to investigate the psychological effects of COVID-19 on health care workers and factors affecting them. The study was carried out with an online questionnaire distributed through Google Forms for medical staff at Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt. The questionnaire included sociodemographic questions; validated psychometric tools for the assessment of depression, anxiety, and stress (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21); and the Impact of Event Stress Scale-Revised (IES-R). Results The total number of the participants was 115 respondents. IES-R showed that 28.7% had high posttraumatic stress disorder. By Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, 13% had severe, 26.1% had extremely severe depression, 10.4% had severe, and 13.9% had extremely severe anxiety, and stress level was severe in 16.5% and very severe in 13.9%. The factor ‘work-years less than 5 years’ was significantly associated with the presence of stress. Personal psychiatric history of anxiety was significantly associated with abnormal IES and depression. Conclusions During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"166 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48087425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case report of Kluver–Bucy syndrome following herpes simplex encephalitis","authors":"Sripathi Goud, Vishal Indla, I. Reddy","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Kluver–Bucy syndrome (KBS) is a rare syndrome seen after lesions of temporal lobes of the brain. Herpes simplex virus 1 is the most common infectious agent causing KBS owing to predilection of the virus to selectively affecting the temporal lobes. In this paper, we present a rare case of KBS that developed after herpes simplex encephalitis.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"174 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46038200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological impact of a volcano eruption − Mount Nyiragongo","authors":"H. Dhillon, S. Sasidharan","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_27_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_27_21","url":null,"abstract":"The volcanic eruption is a rather uncommon type of natural disaster and is restricted to certain geographical regions. The psychological distress studied among the evacuees of a volcano in many countries revealed symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, anergia, social dysfunction, and anhedonia persisting even after six months of eruption. A study after a volcanic eruption in Iceland revealed higher incidence of mental distress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in exposed versus the non-exposed groups. Insomnia, psychological morbidity, and possible long-term psychological morbidity were reported as the most common symptoms in the high-exposure group (based on the volcano-ash fall). Studies also show the involvement of children’s mental health. DRC, being a low-income country lacks the research and does not have strongly researched data regarding the prevalence of psychological morbidity post the volcano eruption. However, the psychological maladjustments after the Mount Nyiragongo eruption in 2002 were reported as the major health consequence as per WHO. This paper analyses the various psychological aspects during and after a volcanic eruption.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"176 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of egyptian patients with borderline personality disorder with and without comorbidity","authors":"Reem H. El Ghamry, A. Omar, N. Zaki, H. Elshahawi, Dina Naoom, Reem Hashim, M. Morsy","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_4_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_4_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a complex psychiatric disorder associated with a wide range of psychopathology, including unstable mood, impulsive behavior, and suicidality, which is a defining feature of borderline, as well as high rates of axis I comorbidity. Aim To identify the profile of psychiatric comorbidity among patients with BPD and to compare them with a group of patients with BPD without comorbidity regarding some demographic variables, suicidal behavior, impulsivity, and functioning. Methods Structural Clinical Interviewing was done for DSM-IV axis I and axis II diagnoses. We recruited 30 patients with BPD, without axis I comorbidity (group I) and other 31 patients with BPD with comorbidity (group II). We compared both groups regarding different demographic variables, family circumstances impulsivity, suicidality, and functioning using suicide behavior questionnaire − revised, Barratt impulsiveness scale II, and global assessment of function. Results Patients with BPD in group II had one additional diagnosis, mainly major depression (35.5%), substance-related disorder (35.5%), anxiety disorder (16.1%), whereas bipolar disorder and eating disorders were equally rated (6.5% each). Group II patients scored significantly higher in the total suicidality scores using suicide behavior questionnaire − revised than group I, yet the two groups did not differ significantly in impulsivity scores. Meanwhile, the former group was significantly younger (P=0.05), and they started their illness and seeked treatment at a younger age with more history of previous hospitalization than did group I. In addition, their global assessment of function is significantly impaired (P=0.002). Conclusion Comorbidities in patients with BPD are high, mainly major depression and substance-related disorders, which are associated with increased suicidality behavior, hospital admission, and impaired functioning. Data obtained conveys the need to give high priority to recognize the comorbidities that pose risk on the lives of patients with BPD.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"115 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality traits and its relation to craving and serum oxytocin among male patients with opioid dependence","authors":"M. Mobasher, H. Eid, A. Soliman, Hadeel M. El-Hanafi, Shaden Adel, Noha A. Mahfouz, S. El-Makawi","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_44_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_44_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background As craving is one of the main problems that affect substance users and their progress during treatment, it was important to investigate personality traits that affect it. Although oxytocin (OT) system is regarded as being of relevance for social interaction, very few studies have investigated the relationship between OT and personality traits in clinical psychiatric populations. Objectives The aim of the work is to assess the personality traits among patients with active opioid dependence in comparison with abstinent patients and healthy controls and to assess the relation of personality traits with the degree of craving and serum OT level. Patients and methods A consecutive sample of 30 opiate-dependent patients who fully meet the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) criteria for opiate dependence and 30 patients fulfilling the DSM-V criteria of opiate dependence with at least 6 months of abstinence were assessed regarding personality traits, serum craving levels, and OT levels using Personality Inventory for DSM-brief form, brief substance craving scale, and immunoassay kit, correspondingly. They were compared with each other and with a sample of 30 healthy controls matching both groups. Results Total personality dysfunction scores were statistically significantly higher in the patient group than the control group (P<0.001) and the abstinent group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the abstinent group and the control group. A positive correlation was found between craving and total personality dysfunction (P<0.001) as well as each of the five traits [negative affect (P<0.05), detachment (P<0.001), antagonism (P<0.05), disinhibition (P<0.001), and psychoticism (P<0.05)]. Craving levels showed a statistically significant difference between the patient group and the abstinent group (P<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the patient group and the control group in serum OT levels (P<0.05). The correlation between personality dysfunction and serum OT level in the patient group was not significant. Conclusion The interaction between personality traits, craving, and serum OT levels should be considered when dealing with opiate-dependent patients as they affect and are affected by opiate dependence. Further studies regarding how to implement this during the patient’s treatment should be considered.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"59 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42469154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study of risk factors for postpartum depression","authors":"Hiame El Saied, A. Eissa, Taghread El Kholy","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_10_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_10_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is found across the globe, with rates varying from 11 to 42%. Several key risk factors have been identified as major contributors to the development of PPD. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of PPD and to delineate risk factors for PPD to guard against recurrence and to get a hope for prophylaxis. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study, 60 PPD females were diagnosed from among 230 Arabic-speaking consenting consecutive postpartum females who were referred from Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Maternity and Child Hospital at Al Medina Al Monawara (Kingdom Saudi Arabia), from January 2015 to June 2015 and underwent complete psychiatric examination with stress upon demographic data and clinical characteristics of the patient using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., text revision classification. Obstetric case sheets were prepared and psychometric studies were carried out using an Arabic version of the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, life event questionnaire, and social class study. Results In the current study PPD was diagnosed in 60 out of 230 (26%) postpartum females with a mean score of Edinburgh postnatal depression scale of 13.4±2.3 between the first and second months postpartum in 53.3%, was more common in the young age group, with a past history of psychiatric illness, was more prevalent in rural areas with low social class and social support, more in those with unwanted pregnancies and difficult labor and puerperium. PPD was precipitated by various stressors. Conclusion The current study revealed many risk factors contributing to PPD among females at Al medina Al Monawara, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Recommendation Encouraging the liaison link between the psychiatric and obstetrics and gynecology doctors together with social workers could help in guarding against recurrence and to get a hope for prophylaxis.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"108 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48667508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suicidal behaviors among patients with tramadol dependence in a sample of Egyptian population","authors":"S. Mehrez, Osama Elboraie, W. Elez, M. Wasify","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_48_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_48_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Suicidal behaviors are a major health problem in opioid-dependent patients. Tramadol is one of the most abused substance in Egypt, presenting a public burden and associated with higher morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to look for suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior among patients with tramadol dependence. Patients, methods, and results This study included 120 participants (60 for patient with tramadol dependence and 60 for comparative group). Participants were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), (SCID-II) according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition; Addiction Severity Index; and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Suicidal ideation was detected in 38.3% of tramadol cases and 13.3% in comparative group (P=0.001). Suicidal behaviors were reported in 26.6% of cases and 6.6% in comparative group (P=0.003). Conclusions Suicide is common in patients with tramadol dependence and is associated with severity of addiction.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"78 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45500123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lifestyle modification on schizophrenia patients on antipsychotics","authors":"Nagda Elmasry, Eman Ali, Rofaida Abdelmoez","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_40_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_40_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background Schizophrenia affects physical health, represented in the form of change in behavior, such as decrease in physical activity, tendency to isolation, and changes in eating behavior, including increase intake of food (junk food and fat) and increase in consumption of sugar. Patients with schizophrenia tent to increase consumption of cigarettes and caffeine. All of these contribute toward having a bad effect on physical health, as they increased the risk of occurrence of comorbid diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Although there is treatment for schizophrenia, it has serious adverse effects, including sleepiness and slowness, weight gain, interference with sex life, and increased chance of developing diabetes and hypertension. Patients and methods A total of 36 patients underwent programmed lifestyle modification, which include pharmacological intervention and lifestyle interventions, including psychoeducational, dietary, and exercise programs. The psychoeducational program focused on the roles of eating and activity in weight management. Dietary program included individualized well-balanced diet plan for each patient by a clinical nutritionist in the hospital according to patient’s measurements, physical health, and acceptance. Exercise program included aerobic exercise intervention and stretching-toning control program, which was planned by the physical trainer of the hospital in the playground. Assessment is done at the beginning of the study and monthly through 3-month duration. We used Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale to assess and follow-up symptoms of schizophrenia, GASS for follow-up of adverse effects of antipsychotics, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile Scale II to detect the effect of lifestyle modification. Results The mean age of the studied group of patients was 34.5±5.87 years, with 56.41% of them being male. Overall, 25% of patients were found to have MetS at the beginning of the study, and after 3 months of commitment to the program of lifestyle modification, they decreased to 16.67%. There was a significant difference between the studied participants regarding metabolic parameters throughout the 3 months. There was significant improvement in all other dimensions of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and significant improvement in total GASS scale after the second months of commitment of lifestyle modification, with significant improvement in all dimension except for cardiovascular and screening for diabetes. Conclusion Schizophrenia and antipsychotics have an effect on lifestyle of the patients, leading to more exposure of them to medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and MetS, and it also effects the sedentary life, diet, and smoking. This can be avoided by applying a lifestyle modification program that targets to improve quality of life, symptoms of schizophrenia, and decreased number of relapses by increasing adherence to treatment.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"100 - 107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70724668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}