The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association最新文献

{"title":"Impact of maternal depression and social factors on child’s nutritional status: a case–control study in Egypt","authors":"M. Hassan, Gihan M. Bebars, Salwa Taha","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_35_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_35_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Malnutrition is a primary cause of child morbidity. Maternal depression affects children’s health, especially nutrition. Aim This study aimed to explore the effects of maternal depression and social factors on children’s nutrition. Patients and methods A case–control study was carried out on 100 children and their mothers: 50 malnourished children and 50 age-matched and sex-matched healthy-control children. Anthropometric measurements of children were done and transformed into weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-scores. Screening of depression in mothers was done using Symptom’s Checklist 90-Revised (SCL90-R) Depression dimension. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to assess maternal cognitive functions. Results Thirty-eight percent mothers of malnourished children were depressed compared with 12% mothers of healthy children. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences were found regarding maternal age at marriage, education, working status, crowding index, and family income between groups (P<0.01). Mothers of malnourished children had cognitive impairment than controls (P<0.001). The Z-score of malnourished children was positively correlated with breastfeeding duration, maternal age at marriage, education, working status, family income, and other social parameters; and negatively correlated with crowding index and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) morbidity, indicating that malnutrition increases with short duration of breastfeeding, younger maternal age at marriage, low education, bad working status, low income, and high crowding index. Conclusions Mothers of malnourished children have more depressive symptoms and impaired cognitive functions than the controls. Maternal age at marriage, education, family income, and crowding index are predictive variables affecting children nutrition.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"108 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47228575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on a cohort of Egyptian population","authors":"Salma M. Ragab, A. Ibrahim, A. Mahrous, Mohamed Reda Ramadan Gomaa, Hebat Maksoud, Hassan El-shirbiny, M. Naguib, M. Ahmed","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_40_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_40_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background The current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a great effect worldwide. Although health care workers (HCWs) play an essential role and are one of the most exposed groups, information about the psychosocial effect among the general population and those who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients is still required. Aim The study’s main aim was to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression among the general population, those who came in contact with patients, and frontline HCWs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt and to investigate factors associated with psychological distress. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using an online-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data and data related to the current pandemic. Hospital-based anxiety and depression scale (HADS)-Arabic version was used to assess anxiety and depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify significant predictors. Results A total of 1778 participants were involved in the current study, and of them, 82.6% were general population, 10.6% were HCWs, whereas those who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients were 6.8%, with more female predominance. Of 1778 participants, 711 (40%) had abnormal depressive score. Overall, 52.9% of those who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients had abnormal depressive score, whereas 39.4% and 36.5% of the general population and HCWs, respectively, had abnormal depressive score, with statistically significant difference. Regarding anxiety, there was a highly significant difference among the three groups with higher abnormal anxiety score among those who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients (46.3%) than the general population and HCWs (33% and 33.9%, respectively). Overall, 34% of all participants had abnormal anxiety score. While evaluating different parameters associated with psychological distress by multiple logistic regression analysis, individuals without a history of previous psychological illness and those who rely on internet and approved sites as sources of information experienced less anxiety and depression. Female sex and lower levels of education have a higher risk of anxiety. Conclusions During the current pandemic, the Egyptian population has a high prevalence of psychological distress, with a higher prevalence among those who came in contact with COVID-19-infected patients than in the general population and HCWs. Among different parameters associated with psychological distress, individuals without a history of previous psychological illness and those who rely on internet and approved sites as sources of information experienced less anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, establishing early targeted mental health interventions should become routine as a part of our preparedness efforts.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"70 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45917091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of coronavirus disease 2019 anxiety and coping among different age groups of Egyptian population","authors":"O. Madkor, D. Zayet, Dina H. Abdelhady, Passant AbdulJawad, K. Elsorady","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_1_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_1_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives To determine predictors of anxiety and coping during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic among different age groups of Egyptian population. Patients and methods A cross-sectional study of 500 participants who completed an online questionnaire for anxiety and coping the following tools: COVID-19 Coping Responses Inventory, Coping Responses Inventory, COVID-19 Life Events−Anxiety Inventory, and the Arabic version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Correlation between different variables, anxiety and coping related to COVID-19 was evaluated by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors for anxiety and coping. Results COVID-19 Life Events (C-19L) is the most important in predicting COVID-19 related Anxiety (C-19A) as it has B value of 0.568 followed by level of education (B=0.217), and, monthly family income (B=0.140). Conclusion This study shows the impact of sociodemographic factors in predicting COVID-19 anxiety and coping among various sectors in the Egyptian community.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"116 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45983778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin and obsessive–compulsive disorder","authors":"Mohamed R. Soltan","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"Attention has recently been focused on central nervous system neuropeptides as potential mediators of the symptom profile of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). OCD includes a range of cognitive and behavioral symptoms that bear some relationship to dimensions of behavior associated with oxytocin (OT). Increased cerebrospinal fluid levels of the anxiolytic neuropeptide OT have been reported in OCD. OT is a neurosecretory nonapeptide synthesized in hypothalamic cells, which project to widely distributed sites in the central nervous system as well as the neurohypophysis. Central OT affects a variety of cognitive, grooming, affiliative, sexual, and reproductive behaviors in animals. OT is associated with the regulation of complex sociocognitive processes such as attachment, social exploration, social recognition, anxiety, and other stress-related behaviors. Based on these data, we hypothesized that OCD is mediated by OT. The aim of this review is to define possible involvements of OT in the pathophysiology of OCD.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"63 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46026158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral atrophy and cognitive impairment in a young patient with chronic cannabis use − a case report","authors":"Sripathi Goud, Vishal Indla","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_36_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_36_21","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis is known to mankind for ages. It was used as a medicine, an aphrodisiac, and a euphoriant. The psychotropic and neuromodulatory effects associated with cannabis use are extensively studied topics in the recent past. The authors report a case of cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy in a young male patient with chronic cannabis use.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"122 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42303961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRP and its relation to cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional study","authors":"S. Kamal, Sarah Adel El-Samahy, Walaa Abdelfattah, O. Khalaf","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_44_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_44_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is one of the most severe and chronic forms of mental illness. It involves cognition, emotion, perception, and behavior. There is an obvious role of neuroinflammation and immunogenetics in SZ. There is a relation between the severity of cognitive deficits and enhanced levels of inflammatory markers in schizophrenic patients, including C-reactive protein (CRP). Also, a relation between CRP and the negative-symptom subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was observed. Aims To study the relation between CRP level with different cognitive domains in patients with SZ and its relation to the psychopathology of SZ. Methods A cross-sectional study was applied on 40 SZ patients and 40 healthy controls, serum CRP was measured, and they were cognitively assessed using Arabic version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Basic (MoCA-B). Results SZ patients showed worse cognitive performance on all subtests (except orientation), MOCA-B, and the total score when compared with normal controls. A negative correlation between executive functions, calculation, abstraction, memory, naming, and attention subtests of MoCA-B and its total score with the serum CRP was found. A positive correlation between CRP and the negative subscale and total score of PANSS was found. Conclusions Serum CRP level was elevated in patients with SZ when compared with healthy controls and significantly negatively correlated with cognitive functions, and positively correlated with negative symptoms in SZ patients, which seconds the neuroinflammatory etiology of SZ.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"87 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between suicide intention, cognitive styles, and decision making in attempted suicide","authors":"Suhruth Reddy, D. Ram","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_32_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_32_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background This study suggests a link of suicidal intention with cognitive styles and decision making. There is a paucity of studies examining these relationships from a multidimensional perspective. Aims This study aimed to examine the relationships of suicide intention, cognitive styles, and decision making in serious suicide attempts. Participants and methods One hundred individuals with serious suicide attempts were assessed in this hospital-based cross-sectional study using sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus), the Pierce Suicidal Intention Scale (PSI), the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, and the Cognitive Style Inventory. Results The common dimensions of cognitive styles were systematic, undifferentiated, and split. The PSI score was statistically significantly predicted by the vigilance (positive) and buck-passing scores in a linear regression analysis (negative). There were no significant relationships between the PSI score and cognitive styles. There was a statistically significant group difference in the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire vigilance score by systematic, undifferentiated, and split cognitive style dimensions in the Mann–Whitney U-test. Conclusion Systematic, undifferentiated, and split cognitive styles are prevalent in serious suicide attempts. Rational decision making may be proportionate to the severity of suicide intent, but is constrained by the scarcity and static nature of cognitive style in attempted suicide.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"80 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short sensory profile and its relation with repetitive behavior and anxiety symptoms in children with autistic spectrum disorder","authors":"H. Abou el Wafa, Soha El Latif Ghobashy, A. Zakaria","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_15_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_15_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Sensory processing abnormalities have been reported in 42%–88% of children with autism. Atypical sensory features are thought to result from aberrant sensory processing, and may be evident across all sensory modalities, including auditory, tactile, vestibular, oral, olfactory, movement, and visual domains. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of anxiety in autistic children, although they have difficulties expressing their emotions. In this study, the relation between abnormal sensory profile, repetitive behavior, and anxiety symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) will be elucidated. Results Those with the definite difference in short sensory profile (SSP) represented 63.3% of the cases. As for the SSP domains, Under-responsiveness/Seeks sensation was the domain with the highest percentage of those with the definite difference (65%) followed by Auditory sensitivity (46.7%) and then Low energy (40%), whereas Visual/Auditory sensitivity was the domain with least cases showing definite difference (11.7%). Sensory abnormality is more evident in older children. Autism severity is related to the severity of the sensory abnormality. The total score of SSP showed a significant correlation with the total Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised score. Anxiety Scale for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder − Parent Version showed a significant correlation with the total score of SSP. Conclusion Sensory processing abnormalities are common among children with ASD and it is related to the severity of ASD, repetitive behaviors, and anxiety symptoms. Therefore, using these scales for individualization of the characteristics of sensory profile and their behavioral response and anxiety symptoms in basic assessment and follow-up is recommended, as well as promoting changes in therapeutic intervention through the possibility of choosing and designing the most appropriate intervention based on the individualized profile of the patients.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"14 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48846015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and substance characteristics among adolescents with psychotic disorders","authors":"Mostafa Aboeldahab, Salwa Tobar, M. Elwasify","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_33_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_33_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background Over the preceding time, there is a significant bidirectional relationship between substance use and the development of psychiatric disorders during the adolescent stage. The comorbidity of substance use among adolescents with mental disorders is a major challengeable public health concern. This study examined the sociodemographic correlates and substance-use patterns among adolescents with psychotic disorders versus nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders (controls). Patients and methods This is a case–control study on 76 adolescents diagnosed with different psychotic disorders and another group of 76 adolescents with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders using Mini-Plus International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale, and Alcohol, Smoking, Substance Involvement Screening Test and urine test. Results Substantial sociodemographic differences were found among the adolescents with psychotic disorders (case) (72.4% nonemployed, 71.1% rural areas, and 2.6% governmental healthcare services) compared with controls (60.5% nonemployed, 39.5% rural areas, and 28.9% governmental healthcare services), also, there was a significant difference in substance-use pattern among cases (lifelong use of tobacco 81.6%, cannabis 80.3%, and opioids 90.8%, with more substance-related problems) compared with controls (lifelong use of tobacco 61.8%, cannabis 55.3%, and opioids 73.7%, with less substance-related problems). Conclusion The sociodemographic variables related to rural residence, nonemployment, less approach to governmental health service, and positive family history of psychiatric disorders were the major contributing factors for psychotic disorders in adolescents with substance use. The lifetime use of cannabis and opioids was the major risk of developing psychosis among adolescents.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"34 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46240747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical antipsychotics in major depressive disorder","authors":"H. Dessoki, Mohamed R. Soltan","doi":"10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_26_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejpsy.ejpsy_26_21","url":null,"abstract":"The antipsychotics are used among pharmacological treatment of depression. Atypical antipsychotics have been used as monotherapy or adjunctively with antidepressants to treat depressive disorders with or without psychotic symptoms. The antidepressant effect of atypical antipsychotics involves regulation of monoamine, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, cortisol, and neurotrophic factors. To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved aripiprazole and quetiapine slow-release tablets as adjunctive treatment for depressive disorders, and the combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine for the treatment of treatment-resistant depression. When using atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of depressed patients, clinicians need to monitor patients for the emergence of adverse effects, including hyperglycemia, weight gain, cholesterol levels, and extrapyramidal symptoms. These agents are effective for depression only at subantipsychotic doses. Receptor profiles predict that all second‐generation antipsychotics will have anxiolytic effects as subantipsychotic doses but that all will be dysphorogenic at full antipsychotic doses (i.e. produce a depression-like clinical picture). The antidepressant effect appears to be unique to some agents. Also, despite the availability of a large number of antidepressants of different classes, a significant portion of patients do not achieve remission, and treatment resistance is common. This paper reviews the antipsychotics that are effective for the treatment of depressive disorders, and the pharmacological mechanisms of antipsychotics in the treatment of depressive disorders.","PeriodicalId":76626,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian journal of psychiatry : official journal of the Egyptian Psychiatric Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"7 - 13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43721286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}