American journal of stem cells最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic applications of adipose-derived stem cells in cardiovascular disease.","authors":"Kyle Bruun,&nbsp;Erika Schermer,&nbsp;Anjali Sivendra,&nbsp;Emily Valaik,&nbsp;Reed B Wise,&nbsp;Rana Said,&nbsp;John R Bracht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally, and new therapeutic techniques outside of traditional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions are currently being developed. At the forefront is stem cell-centered therapy, with adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs), an adult stem population, providing significant clinical promise. When introduced into damaged heart tissue, ADSCs promote cardiac regeneration by a variety of mechanisms including differentiation into new cardiomyocytes and secretion of paracrine factors acting on endogenous cardiac cells. We discuss the application of ADSCs, their biochemical capabilities, availability, ease of extraction, clinical trial results, and areas of concern. The multipotent capacity of ADSCs along with their ability to secrete factors promoting cell survival and regeneration, along with their immunosuppressive capacity, make them an extremely promising approach in the field of CVD therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 4","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6261868/pdf/ajsc0007-0094.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36793127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Urothelial Cells Isolation, In Vitro Expansion and Characterization for Evaluating Bio-Engineering Potentials","authors":"Durai Murugan, A. Devasia, G. Tharion, Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.28967/jscrt.2018.01.18001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28967/jscrt.2018.01.18001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stem cell therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. How far is it to the clinic?","authors":"Nurdan Kokturk, Fatma Yıldırım, Pınar Yıldız Gülhan, Yeon Mok Oh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease that has a major impact worldwide. The currently-available drugs mainly focus on relieving the symptoms of COPD patients. However, in the latter stages of the disease, the airways become largely obstructed and lung parenchyma becomes destructed due to underlying inflammation. The inappropriate repair of lung tissue after injury may contribute to the development of disease. Novel regenerative therapeutic approaches have been investigated with the aim of repairing or replacing the injured functional structures of the respiratory system. Endogenous and exogenous sources of stem cells are available for the treatment of many diseases. Stem cell therapy is newly introduced to the field of COPD. Currently the research is in its infancy; however, the field is profoundly growing. Previous studies suggest that cell-based therapies and novel bioengineering approaches may be potential therapeutic strategies for lung repair and remodelling. In this paper, we review the current evidence of stem cell therapy in COPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 3","pages":"56-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6146161/pdf/ajsc0007-0056.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36514139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing stemness gene expression between stem cell subpopulations from peripheral blood and adipose tissue.","authors":"Maria Teresa González-Garza,&nbsp;Delia E Cruz-Vega,&nbsp;Alejandro Cárdenas-Lopez,&nbsp;Rosa Maria de la Rosa,&nbsp;Jorge E Moreno-Cuevas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell therapy presents a promising alternative for the treatment of degenerative diseases. The main sources of adult stem cells are bone marrow, adipose tissue and peripheral blood. Within those tissues, there are cell subpopulations that share pluripotential characteristics. Nevertheless, there is insufficient data to determine which of these stem cell subtypes would have a better possibility to differentiate to a specific tissue. The objective of this research was to analyze and compare the stemness genes expression from peripheral blood and adipose tissue of plastic adherent cells, and those immune-selected by the CD133⁺ and CD271⁺ membrane markers. On all cell subpopulation groups, self-renew capacity, the membranes markers CD73, CD90 and CD105, as well as the stemness genes <i>NANOG, OCT4, SOX2, REX1, NOTCH1</i> and, <i>NESTIN</i> expression were analyzed. Results showed that all samples presented the minimal criteria to define them as human stem cells. All cell subpopulation were capable of self-renewal. Nevertheless, the subpopulation cell types showed differences on the time needed to reach confluence. The slowest doubling times were for those cells bearing the CD133 marker from both sources. Surface markers determined by flow cytometry were positive for CD73, CD90 and, CD105, and negative for CD45. The stemness gene expression was positive in all subpopulation. However, there were significant differences in the amount and pattern of expression among them. Those differences could be advantageous in finding the best option for their application on cell therapy. Cells with high expression of <i>OCT4</i> gene could be a better opportunity for neuron differentiation like CD133⁺ blood cells. On the other hand, lowest expression of <i>NOTCH1</i> on CD271⁺ cells from the same source could be a better possibility for myoblast differentiation. The observed differences could be used as an advantage to find which cell type and from the different source; this represents the best option for its application on cell therapy. Experiments focused on the best response to specific differentiation, are conducted in order to confirm those possibilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 2","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013721/pdf/ajsc0007-0038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36253119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the regulation pathways via microarray and miRNA studies: human embryonic stem cells to treat diabetes mellitus type-II.","authors":"Geeta Shroff,&nbsp;Rhea Shroff,&nbsp;Rakesh Gupta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus occurs either due to an autoimmune destruction of β cells (Type 1) or resistance to insulin effects (Type 2). Diverse conventional medications are used for treatment of diabetes, which is associated with long term complications such as kidney failure, blindness, and stroke. We recently showed the potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in 95 patients with type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we use the microarray and miRNA studies to prove why hESCs are effective in diabetes. Three samples of hESCs were cultured and microarray technology was used for the analysis of diabetic pathways. The gene targets for miRNA were analyzed using gene ontology (GO) and DAVID database. Genes involved in the diabetic pathways were classified in accordance with GO analysis. Pathways for these genes were determined using Reactome and Panther databases. The up and down-regulation of all the genes involved were confirmed with the significant <i>p</i>-values. Pathways for insulin secretion, binding and its positive regulation were up-regulated while the pathways for negative regulation of insulin were significantly down-regulated. hESCs cultured at our facility have the capability to regenerate the pancreatic β cells after transplantation; as the insulin secretion pathways were significantly up-regulated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 2","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013722/pdf/ajsc0007-0048.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36253120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of a stem-like multipotent cell fate.","authors":"Emily S Paffhausen,&nbsp;Yasir Alowais,&nbsp;Cara W Chao,&nbsp;Evan C Callihan,&nbsp;Karen Creswell,&nbsp;John R Bracht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained from lipoaspirates and induced <i>in vitro</i> to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and fat. Using this powerful model system we show that after <i>in vitro</i> adipose differentiation a population of cells retain stem-like qualities including multipotency. They are lipid (-), retain the ability to propagate, express two known stem cell markers, and maintain the capacity for trilineage differentiation into chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. However, these cells are not traditional stem cells because gene expression analysis showed an overall expression profile similar to that of adipocytes. In addition to broadening our understanding of cellular multipotency, our work may be particularly relevant to obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The adipose expandability hypothesis proposes that inability to differentiate new adipocytes is a primary cause of metabolic syndrome in obesity, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Here we have defined a differentiation-resistant stem-like multipotent cell population that may be involved in regulation of adipose expandability <i>in vivo</i> and may therefore play key roles in the comorbidities of obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 2","pages":"25-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6013723/pdf/ajsc0007-0025.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36253118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human corneal endothelial cell transplantation using nanocomposite gel sheet in bullous keratopathy.","authors":"Periasamy Parikumar,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Haraguchi,&nbsp;Rajappa Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Samuel Jk Abraham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transplantation of <i>in vitro</i> expanded human corneal endothelial precursors (HCEP) cells using a nanocomposite (D25-NC) gel sheet as supporting material in bovine's cornea has been earlier reported. Herein we report the transplantation of HCEP cells derived from a cadaver donor cornea to three patients using the NC gel sheet. In three patients with bullous keratopathy, one after cataract surgery, one after trauma and another in the corneal graft, earlier performed for congenital corneal dystrophy, not amenable to medical management HCEP cells isolated from a human cadaver donor cornea <i>in vitro</i> expanded using a thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP) for 26 days were divided into three equal portions and 1.6 × 10⁵ HCEP cells were injected on to the endothelium of the affected eye in each patient using the D25-NC gel sheet as a supporting material. The sheets were removed after three days. The bullae in the cornea disappeared by the 3^rd-11^th post-operative day in all the three patients. Visual acuity improved from Perception of light (PL)+/Projection of rays (PR)+ to Hand movements (HM)+ in one of the patients by post-operative day 3 which was maintained at 18 months follow-up. At 18 months follow-up, in another patient the visual acuity had improved from HM+ to 6/60 while in the third patient, visual acuity remained HM+ as it was prior to HCEP transplantation. There were no adverse effects during the follow-up in any of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840311/pdf/ajsc0007-0018.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35908598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term hypoxia improves early cardiac progenitor cell function <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Ivan Hernandez,&nbsp;Jonathan M Baio,&nbsp;Eric Tsay,&nbsp;Aida F Martinez,&nbsp;Tania I Fuentes,&nbsp;Leonard L Bailey,&nbsp;Nahidh W Hasaniya,&nbsp;Mary Kearns-Jonker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) to repair damaged myocardium has been the focus of intense research. Previous reports have shown that pretreatments, including hypoxia, improve cell function. However, the age-dependent effects of short-term hypoxia on CPCs, and the role of signaling in these effects, are unknown. Cloned neonatal and adult CPCs expressing Isl1, c-Kit, KDR, PDGFRA, and CXCR4, were preconditioned using hypoxia (1% O₂ for six hours). Intracellular signaling pathway changes were modeled using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), while qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were used to measure pathway activation. Cellular function, including survival, cell cycle, and invasion, were evaluated using a TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and a Transwell® invasion assay, respectively. IPA predicted, and RT-PCR and flow cytometry confirmed, that the PI3K/AKT pathway was activated following short-term hypoxia. Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 expression increased significantly in both age groups, while HSP70 expression increased only in neonatal CPCs. Neonatal CPC invasion and survival improved after hypoxia pre-treatment, while no effect was observed in cell cycling and developmental status. Prostaglandin receptor expression was enhanced in neonatal cells. Prior to transplantation, hypoxic preconditioning enhances CPC function, including invasion ability and pro-survival pathway activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840310/pdf/ajsc0007-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35908597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in recent deep burn: a case-control prospective study.","authors":"Wael Abo-Elkheir,&nbsp;Fawzy Hamza,&nbsp;Ahmed M Elmofty,&nbsp;Atef Emam,&nbsp;Magdy Abdl-Moktader,&nbsp;Sameh Elsherefy,&nbsp;Hala Gabr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Burn injuries represent one of the major worldwide public health problems causing more severe physiological stress than other traumas. Effective treatment of burn injuries is mandatory to prevent the numerous life-threatening complications and possible disabilities. Stem cells, a population of multipotent cells retaining the properties of self-renewal and differentiation, are the main player in tissue regeneration after major trauma. Thus, they are thought to play a key role in wound healing inducing efficient and physiological skin regeneration. Stem cell-based regeneration is quickly gaining scientific grounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was designed as a comparative prospective study to evaluate and compare the regenerative effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) compared to conventional early excision and graft (EE&G) in recent thermal full thickness burned patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subject & methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Recruited burned patients were randomly divided into three groups (20 patients on each group) having recent thermal full thickness percentage ranging from 10% to 25% total body surface area (TBSA). After receiving allocated treatment, they were assessed as regards: rate of burn healing, presence of post-burn complications both early (such as loss of graft and infections) and late (as hypertrophic scars, keloid, hypo- or hyperpigmentation or contracture of the wound), hospitalization time and cost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study showed significantly improved rate of healing in both BM-MSC and UC-MSC groups as compared to EE&G group with no significant difference between bone marrow and umbilical cord groups. Comparing the incidence of early complications, partial and total loss of graft occurred in 50% patients in (EE&G) group, while infection complication appeared in 25% of patients of (BM-MSCs) group and in 70% of patients in (UC-MSCS) group. The late complications (hypertrophic scars) were observed in 40% of (EE&G) patients group, in 15% of (BM-MSCs) treated patients group and 20% of (UC-MSCS) patients group. Contractured scars were present in 15% in (EE&G) group, 10% in (BM-MSCs) group, 10% in (UC-MSCS) group. Hypopigmentation occurred in 20% of patients in (EE&G) group, 20% in (BM-MSCs) group and 10% in (UC-MSCS) group. Hyperpigmentation was present in 20% of patient in (EE&G) group, 30% in (UC-MSCS) group but no hyperpigmentation occurred in (BM-MSCs) group. There was no late complication in 5% of patient in (EE&G) group, 55% in (BM-MSCs) group and 30% in (UC-MSCS) group. The results of this study revealed that the hospitalization period was significantly reduced in both (BM-MSCs) group and (UC-MSCS) group as compared to (EE&G) group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;this study proves that mesenchymal stem cells, both from bone marrow and cord blood origin, can effectively improve hea","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"6 3","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5675835/pdf/ajsc0006-0023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35611110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika Virus (ZIKV): a review of proposed mechanisms of transmission and associated congenital abnormalities.","authors":"Sruti K Desai,&nbsp;Steven D Hartman,&nbsp;Shilpa Jayarajan,&nbsp;Stephanie Liu,&nbsp;G Ian Gallicano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus (ZIKV) has been of major international public health concern following large outbreaks in the Americas occurring in 2015-2016. Most notably, ZIKV has been seen to pose dangers in pregnancy due to its association with congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly. Numerous experimental approaches have been taken to address how the virus can cross the placenta, alter normal fetal development, and disrupt specific cellular functions. Many areas concerning the mechanisms of transmission, especially from mother to fetus, are largely unknown but demand further research. Several promising new studies are presented that provide insight into possible mechanisms of transmission, different cell types affected, and immune responses towards the virus. By aiming to better understand the processes behind altered fetal neuronal development due to ZIKV infection, the hope is to find ways to increase protection of the fetus and prevent congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly. As ZIKV infection is spreading to increasingly more areas and bringing harmful outcomes and birth defects with it, it is imperative to identify the mechanisms of transmitting this infectious agent, consider different genetic backgrounds of hosts and strain types, and navigate methods to protect those affected from the detrimental effects of this newly emerging virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"6 2","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5545216/pdf/ajsc0006-0013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35320035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}