American journal of stem cells最新文献

{"title":"Human corneal endothelial cell transplantation using nanocomposite gel sheet in bullous keratopathy.","authors":"Periasamy Parikumar,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Haraguchi,&nbsp;Rajappa Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Samuel Jk Abraham","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transplantation of <i>in vitro</i> expanded human corneal endothelial precursors (HCEP) cells using a nanocomposite (D25-NC) gel sheet as supporting material in bovine's cornea has been earlier reported. Herein we report the transplantation of HCEP cells derived from a cadaver donor cornea to three patients using the NC gel sheet. In three patients with bullous keratopathy, one after cataract surgery, one after trauma and another in the corneal graft, earlier performed for congenital corneal dystrophy, not amenable to medical management HCEP cells isolated from a human cadaver donor cornea <i>in vitro</i> expanded using a thermoreversible gelation polymer (TGP) for 26 days were divided into three equal portions and 1.6 × 10⁵ HCEP cells were injected on to the endothelium of the affected eye in each patient using the D25-NC gel sheet as a supporting material. The sheets were removed after three days. The bullae in the cornea disappeared by the 3^rd-11^th post-operative day in all the three patients. Visual acuity improved from Perception of light (PL)+/Projection of rays (PR)+ to Hand movements (HM)+ in one of the patients by post-operative day 3 which was maintained at 18 months follow-up. At 18 months follow-up, in another patient the visual acuity had improved from HM+ to 6/60 while in the third patient, visual acuity remained HM+ as it was prior to HCEP transplantation. There were no adverse effects during the follow-up in any of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840311/pdf/ajsc0007-0018.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35908598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term hypoxia improves early cardiac progenitor cell function <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Ivan Hernandez,&nbsp;Jonathan M Baio,&nbsp;Eric Tsay,&nbsp;Aida F Martinez,&nbsp;Tania I Fuentes,&nbsp;Leonard L Bailey,&nbsp;Nahidh W Hasaniya,&nbsp;Mary Kearns-Jonker","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) to repair damaged myocardium has been the focus of intense research. Previous reports have shown that pretreatments, including hypoxia, improve cell function. However, the age-dependent effects of short-term hypoxia on CPCs, and the role of signaling in these effects, are unknown. Cloned neonatal and adult CPCs expressing Isl1, c-Kit, KDR, PDGFRA, and CXCR4, were preconditioned using hypoxia (1% O₂ for six hours). Intracellular signaling pathway changes were modeled using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), while qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting were used to measure pathway activation. Cellular function, including survival, cell cycle, and invasion, were evaluated using a TUNEL assay, flow cytometry, and a Transwell® invasion assay, respectively. IPA predicted, and RT-PCR and flow cytometry confirmed, that the PI3K/AKT pathway was activated following short-term hypoxia. Heat shock protein (HSP) 40 expression increased significantly in both age groups, while HSP70 expression increased only in neonatal CPCs. Neonatal CPC invasion and survival improved after hypoxia pre-treatment, while no effect was observed in cell cycling and developmental status. Prostaglandin receptor expression was enhanced in neonatal cells. Prior to transplantation, hypoxic preconditioning enhances CPC function, including invasion ability and pro-survival pathway activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2018-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5840310/pdf/ajsc0007-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35908597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of cord blood and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in recent deep burn: a case-control prospective study.","authors":"Wael Abo-Elkheir,&nbsp;Fawzy Hamza,&nbsp;Ahmed M Elmofty,&nbsp;Atef Emam,&nbsp;Magdy Abdl-Moktader,&nbsp;Sameh Elsherefy,&nbsp;Hala Gabr","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Rationale: &lt;/strong&gt;Burn injuries represent one of the major worldwide public health problems causing more severe physiological stress than other traumas. Effective treatment of burn injuries is mandatory to prevent the numerous life-threatening complications and possible disabilities. Stem cells, a population of multipotent cells retaining the properties of self-renewal and differentiation, are the main player in tissue regeneration after major trauma. Thus, they are thought to play a key role in wound healing inducing efficient and physiological skin regeneration. Stem cell-based regeneration is quickly gaining scientific grounds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was designed as a comparative prospective study to evaluate and compare the regenerative effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) compared to conventional early excision and graft (EE&G) in recent thermal full thickness burned patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subject & methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Recruited burned patients were randomly divided into three groups (20 patients on each group) having recent thermal full thickness percentage ranging from 10% to 25% total body surface area (TBSA). After receiving allocated treatment, they were assessed as regards: rate of burn healing, presence of post-burn complications both early (such as loss of graft and infections) and late (as hypertrophic scars, keloid, hypo- or hyperpigmentation or contracture of the wound), hospitalization time and cost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;This study showed significantly improved rate of healing in both BM-MSC and UC-MSC groups as compared to EE&G group with no significant difference between bone marrow and umbilical cord groups. Comparing the incidence of early complications, partial and total loss of graft occurred in 50% patients in (EE&G) group, while infection complication appeared in 25% of patients of (BM-MSCs) group and in 70% of patients in (UC-MSCS) group. The late complications (hypertrophic scars) were observed in 40% of (EE&G) patients group, in 15% of (BM-MSCs) treated patients group and 20% of (UC-MSCS) patients group. Contractured scars were present in 15% in (EE&G) group, 10% in (BM-MSCs) group, 10% in (UC-MSCS) group. Hypopigmentation occurred in 20% of patients in (EE&G) group, 20% in (BM-MSCs) group and 10% in (UC-MSCS) group. Hyperpigmentation was present in 20% of patient in (EE&G) group, 30% in (UC-MSCS) group but no hyperpigmentation occurred in (BM-MSCs) group. There was no late complication in 5% of patient in (EE&G) group, 55% in (BM-MSCs) group and 30% in (UC-MSCS) group. The results of this study revealed that the hospitalization period was significantly reduced in both (BM-MSCs) group and (UC-MSCS) group as compared to (EE&G) group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;this study proves that mesenchymal stem cells, both from bone marrow and cord blood origin, can effectively improve hea","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"6 3","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5675835/pdf/ajsc0006-0023.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35611110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zika Virus (ZIKV): a review of proposed mechanisms of transmission and associated congenital abnormalities.","authors":"Sruti K Desai,&nbsp;Steven D Hartman,&nbsp;Shilpa Jayarajan,&nbsp;Stephanie Liu,&nbsp;G Ian Gallicano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus (ZIKV) has been of major international public health concern following large outbreaks in the Americas occurring in 2015-2016. Most notably, ZIKV has been seen to pose dangers in pregnancy due to its association with congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly. Numerous experimental approaches have been taken to address how the virus can cross the placenta, alter normal fetal development, and disrupt specific cellular functions. Many areas concerning the mechanisms of transmission, especially from mother to fetus, are largely unknown but demand further research. Several promising new studies are presented that provide insight into possible mechanisms of transmission, different cell types affected, and immune responses towards the virus. By aiming to better understand the processes behind altered fetal neuronal development due to ZIKV infection, the hope is to find ways to increase protection of the fetus and prevent congenital abnormalities such as microcephaly. As ZIKV infection is spreading to increasingly more areas and bringing harmful outcomes and birth defects with it, it is imperative to identify the mechanisms of transmitting this infectious agent, consider different genetic backgrounds of hosts and strain types, and navigate methods to protect those affected from the detrimental effects of this newly emerging virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"6 2","pages":"13-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5545216/pdf/ajsc0006-0013.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35320035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the emerging potential therapy for neurological disorders: human embryonic stem cell therapy.","authors":"Geeta Shroff,&nbsp;Jyoti Dhanda Titus,&nbsp;Rhea Shroff","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The first human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line was developed in the late nineties. hESCs are capable of proliferating indefinitely and differentiate into all the three embryonic germ layers. Further, the differentiation of hESC lines into neural precursor cells and neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes showed their potential in treating several incurable neurological disorders such as spinal cord injury (SCI), cerebral palsy (CP), Parkinson's disease (PD). In this review, we will discuss the global scenario of research and therapeutic use of hESCs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Following this, we will discuss the development of a unique hESC line, how it differs from the other available hESC lines and its use in the treatment of neurological disorders. hESCs were isolated from mixture of neuronal and non-neuronal progenitor cells in their pre progenitor state in a Good Laboratory Practices, Good Tissue Practices and Good Manufacturing Practices compliant laboratory. Blastomere cells have served as a source to derive the hESCs and the xeno-free culture was demonstrated to be more safe and effective in clinical therapeutic application of hESCs. All the patients showed a remarkable improvement in their conditions and no serious adverse events were reported. This study concluded that hESC lines could be scalable and used in the treatment of various neurological disorders such as SCI, CP, and PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2017-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435646/pdf/ajsc0006-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35018593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulators of human adipose-derived stem cell self-renewal.","authors":"P. Villageois, B. Wdziekonski, L. Zaragosi, M. Plaisant, Tala Mohsen-Kanson, N. Lay, A. Ladoux, P. Peraldi, C. Dani","doi":"10.28967/JSCRT.2016.01.16004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28967/JSCRT.2016.01.16004","url":null,"abstract":"Adipose tissue is an alternative source of mesenchymal stem cells and human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) display an attractive and substantial therapeutic potential when transplanted in animal models. To this end, an understanding of ASC biology is necessary and the knowledge of mechanisms that maintain ASCs in an undifferentiated state with no loss of differentiation potential during ex vivo expansion represents a crucial step. However, these mechanisms remain to be identified because appropriate human cellular models are scant. In this review we will describe a cellular model isolated from human adipose tissue displaying all the features of stem cells. Then, we will focus on the identification of intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulating the balance between human ASC proliferation and differentiation. We will point out the role of factors secreted by undifferentiated ASCs, such a FGF2, activin A, BMP4, Hedgehog molecules and secreted by adipose tissue macrophages. Finally, we will outline the role of miRNAs in these processes.","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"42-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69316723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stepping back to move forward: a current review of iPSCs in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Aditya Devineni,&nbsp;Scarlett Tohme,&nbsp;Michael T Kody,&nbsp;R Adams Cowley,&nbsp;Brent T Harris","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The successful generation of the first iPSCs about ten years ago has provided deeper insight into previously unknown disease mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for many diseases. In particular, iPSCs are becoming an important tool in advancing modeling and therapeutic intervention for Alzheimer's disease. In this manuscript, we assess the research climate surrounding the application of iPSCs to familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease, including the generation and isolation of individualized neural stem cells, the introduction of neural stem cell transplants using iPSCs, and an estimation of the potential use of iPSCs as research models for Alzheimer's treatments and therapies. The clinical application of stem cells in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease appears promising, but much of the recent experimentation has been conducted using animal models or embryonic stem cells. As induced pluripotent stem cell research advances, iPSCs will likely provide investigators with a more applicable tool to progress advances in research and treatment for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"5 3","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5107654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71433928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacological preconditioning for short-term ex vivo expansion of human umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells by filgrastim.","authors":"Nikolaos G Grigoriadis,&nbsp;Ioannis G Grigoriadis,&nbsp;Sofia Markoula,&nbsp;Minas Paschopoulos,&nbsp;Konstantinos Zikopoulos,&nbsp;Panagiotis Gr Apostolakopoulos,&nbsp;Ioannis S Vizirianakis,&nbsp;Ioannis Georgiou","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although umbilical cord blood (UCB) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (UCBT) has emerged as a promising haematological reconstitution therapy for leukemias and other related disorders, the insufficient UCB stem cell dosage still hinders better clinical outcomes. Previous research efforts, by focusing on ex vivo UCB expansion capabilities have sought to benefit from well-known mechanisms of self-renewal characteristics of UCB stem cells. However, the long-term (> 21 days) in vitro culture period and the low neutrophil recovery significantly reduce the transplantability of such ex vivo expanded UCB stem cells. To overcome the latter hurdles in this study, a post-thaw, short-term ex vivo expansion methodology of UCB mononuclear (UCB-MN) and CD34(+) cells has been established. Notably, such effort was achieved through pharmacological preconditioned of UCB cultures by filgrastim agent already used in the clinical setting. In crucial cell populations implicated in the promotion of functional engraftment, the progression of free survival rates (PFS), a marked increase of 6.65 to 9.34 fold for UCB-MN and 35 to 49 fold for CD34(+) cells has been noticed. Overall, these results indicate that transplantation of pharmacologically-preconditioned ex vivo expansion of UCB stem and progenitor cells keep high promise upon transplantation to enhance therapeutic potential in everyday clinical practice. </p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"5 1","pages":"29-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913295/pdf/ajsc0005-0029.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34604491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of stem cell therapies for acute kidney injury.","authors":"Carol J Barnes,&nbsp;Casey T Distaso,&nbsp;Kristin M Spitz,&nbsp;Valerie A Verdun,&nbsp;Aviad Haramati","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the rapid onset of decreased kidney function that ultimately increases mortality and morbidity. Stem cell research is a promising avenue for curative and preventative therapies of kidney injury, however, there are many types of stem cells under investigation. Currently there is no research to compare the value of one stem cell method over another. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have been shown to differentiate into renal cells, though further clinical research is needed to fully explore potential therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been investigated in the preclinical setting and have recently been successful in Phase I clinical trials. MSCs may represent a promising new therapeutic approach to treat AKI as they demonstrate renoprotective effects post-injury via the secretion of promitotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory factors. Given the most current research, MSCs appear to offer a promising course of treatment for AKI. </p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913292/pdf/ajsc0005-0001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34604488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of paternal preconception exposures on their offspring: through epigenetics to phenotype.","authors":"Jonathan Day,&nbsp;Soham Savani,&nbsp;Benjamin D Krempley,&nbsp;Matthew Nguyen,&nbsp;Joanna B Kitlinska","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historically, research into congenital defects has focused on maternal impacts on the fetal genome during gestation and prenatal periods. However, recent findings have sparked interest in epigenetic alterations of paternal genomes and its effects on offspring. This emergent field focuses on how environmental influences can epigenetically alter gene expression and ultimately change the phenotype and behavior of progeny. There are three primary mechanisms implicated in these changes: DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNA expression. This paper provides a summary and subsequent review of past research, which highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on paternal germ cells during the lifetime of an individual as well as those of future generations. These findings support the existence of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of paternal experiences. Specifically, we explore epidemiological and laboratory studies that demonstrate possible links between birth defects and paternal age, environmental factors, and alcohol consumption. Ultimately, our review highlights the clinical importance of these factors as well as the necessity for future research in the field. </p>","PeriodicalId":7657,"journal":{"name":"American journal of stem cells","volume":"5 1","pages":"11-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4913293/pdf/ajsc0005-0011.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34604489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}