Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum最新文献_第4页

Shift work and coronary heart disease. 轮班工作与冠心病

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1989-01-01

A Knutsson

{"title":"Shift work and coronary heart disease.","authors":"A Knutsson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research on the medical consequences of shift work has mainly been concerned with sleep disorders and gastrointestinal disturbances. Cardiovascular disease has not been clearly implicated. The objective of the present study was to investigate a possible association between shift work and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), which is the most common cause of death in industrialized countries. Previous research is reviewed and criticized for using simple approaches with little ability to quantify exposure and to control for selection. Two longitudinal and two cross-sectional studies have been carried out. One study has measured incidence of CHD in 504 male day and shiftworkers from 1968 to 1982/83. The results indicate that shift work is associated with CHD. Our result has demonstrated a dose-response relationship between years of shift work and CHD. Our findings on increased risk of CHD in shift workers are consistent with recent epidemiological studies from Sweden which have used register data. The cross-sectional studies in which two different cohorts of male blue-collar workers were investigated did show a higher percentage of smokers among shift workers. In addition, the shift workers had higher serum concentrations of serum triglycerides. The difference in serum triglyceride levels between day and shift workers could not be explained by obesity, smoking or alcohol intake in the statistical analyses. These results suggest that the prevalence of risk factors for CHD is higher among shift workers. A prospective study of 25 male shift and day workers, who were followed for six months, indicated that the diet of shift workers might be responsible for changes in the ratio between apoB and apoA-1, a ratio which is related to risk of coronary disease. The analyses of spontaneous changes in the diet showed that the shift workers tended to decrease the intake of dietary fibre and increase the intake of sacharose. The change in the ratio between apoB and apoA-1 correlated inversely with the change in intake of dietary fibre. It is concluded that spontaneous changes in the diet of shift workers might be responsible for changes in serum lipoproteins. Three major disease pathways from shift work to CHD are proposed: (i) disturbed physiological rhythm and/or a collision between the circadian rhythm and myocardial performance, (ii) changes in behaviour, and (iii) disturbed sociotemporal rhythmicity, which might lead to distress reactions.","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"44 ","pages":"1-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13824817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unemployment, re-employment and mental well-being. A panel survey of industrial jobseekers in Finland. 失业、再就业和心理健康。芬兰工业界求职者的小组调查。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1989-01-01

E Lahelma

引用次数: 0

Geographical variations in cardiovascular mortality in Finland, 1961-1985. 1961-1985年芬兰心血管死亡率的地理差异。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1989-01-01

S Näyhä

{"title":"Geographical variations in cardiovascular mortality in Finland, 1961-1985.","authors":"S Näyhä","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Mortality from diseases of the circulatory organs in Finland during the period 1961-1985 is examined by communes, separate analyses being made for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebral vascular accidents (CVA). Data on deaths are abstracted from the 0.58 million death certificates referring to these conditions, and information on demographic variables is taken from the 1950 and 1970 population censuses. There was a sharp frontier separating the area of high mortality in Eastern and Northern Finland from the area of low mortality in Western Finland, the difference between the extreme quintiles being 2-3-fold. Mortality from IHD and CVA increased with the proportion of the lowest social class and with crowdedness in the commune, being lower in communes with high proportions of the higher social classes. In-migration was associated with a lowering in mortality whereas the opposite was true for out-migration. The regional variations in IHD and CVA are explicable in terms of major social factors to a certain extent, but not exhaustively. The detailed geographical pattern of deaths shows a similarity to the history of settlement of Finland, but it is not possible to separate social and genetic influences within the scope of the present study.","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"40 ","pages":"1-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13852350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Osterbroundersøgelsen. A book of tables with data from the first examination (1976-78) and a five year follow-up (1981-83). The Copenhagen City Heart Study Group. 哥本哈根城市心脏研究。Osterbroundersøgelsen。一本载有第一次检查(1976-78)和五年随访(1981-83)数据的表格。哥本哈根城市心脏研究小组。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1989-01-01

引用次数: 0

Sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions in men of different ages. 不同年龄男性的感觉、精神运动和运动功能。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1988-01-01

P Era

{"title":"Sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions in men of different ages.","authors":"P Era","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"As a part of a larger gerontological research project various sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions were studied in three samples of men aged 31-35, 51-55 and 71-75 years. The samples were randomly drawn from men living in the town of Jyväskylä on January the 1st 1981 and belonging to the actual cohorts. The sensory functions studied included static balance (postural sway during standing), vibrotactile sensitivity on the inner malleolus of the ankle, hearing (pure-tone thresholds at 125-8000 Hz and speech-understanding), and vision (dark adaptation and lens accommodation). The assessments of psychomotor and motor functions included simple and choice reaction and movement times (visual and auditory stimuli), tapping rate over 2.5 s and 5.0 s, and maximal knee extension velocity. Differences between the age groups in these functions were studied. In addition, within the age groups, the associations of sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions with health status, certain living habits, occupational and educational background, and cognitive functions were analyzed. Also their interrelations were analyzed. The results showed that the effect due to age group was evident in nearly all functions. The sensory functions worsened and psychomotor and motor speeds became slower when proceeding from younger to older age groups. When the interrelations of the functions were analyzed the main observation was the independence of the sensory measures of each other in all age groups. The only consistent associations between the indicators of different sensory modalities was observed between the extent of postural sway and vibrotactile sensitivity on the ankle. On the other hand, psychomotor speed showed associations with many of the sensory measures. Finally, in analyzing the clustering of poorer or better performances in many or most of the sensory, psychomotor, and motor functions within the age groups, it was observed that the better performers in these measures tended to have longer education, worked more often in managerial than in manual occupations, reported fewer occupational hazards and had better results in cognitive tests than the poorer performers. The overall status of health as expressed by the number of chronic diseases and self-rated health was associated with performance in these assessments only in the youngest group where those having more diseases had a lower level in these functions. The associations of certain health-related living habits (drinking, smoking, physical activity) with the functions were, as a whole, negligible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"39 ","pages":"1-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14294054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Primary health care: co-operation between health and welfare personnel. An International Study. 初级保健:保健和福利人员之间的合作。一项国际研究。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1987-01-01

C G Westrin

引用次数: 0

Proceedings of the VIII Scandinavian Congress of Social Medicine. June 5-7, 1985, Tampere, Finland. 第八届斯堪的纳维亚社会医学大会论文集。1985年6月5日至7日，芬兰坦佩雷。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1986-01-01

引用次数: 0

Industry, doctors and bureaucracy. 工业、医生和官僚主义。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1986-01-01

K Bruun

{"title":"Industry, doctors and bureaucracy.","authors":"K Bruun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The central actors on the health arena are industry, doctors and bureaucracy. Whilst general trends towards industrialization, professionalization and bureaucratization are not limited to the health field, developments there have been extremely rapid and show unique features. The three actors often cooperate in harmony despite different goals. On the other hand, bureaucracy is often unable to reach its goals because of resistance from the other two actors. Conflicts, however, occur and are intensive in many third world countries. In industrial countries, too, trade interest in pharmaceuticals may over-ride public health considerations. Conflicts concerning individual drugs have received much publicity. In general, doctors as an organized profession tend to protest against bureaucracy but not against industry. In recent years it has become more and more apparent that health issues cannot be treated as the internal affairs of the actors. New actors have entered the arena. Patients' and consumers' organizations, small groups of doctors and new bodies such as Health Action International have changed the scene. Acting together with fundamental societal changes, this adds a new dimension to the debate and raises the question of including a social element in doctors' ethics. Medical research will also be more directed towards the health care system and become closer to the traditional problems of social science. Social scientists will therefore have contributions to make - studying how the relations between the actors influence the health care system and public health, for instance.","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"37 ","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14591049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Screening for cancer. 癌症筛查。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1986-01-01

M Hakama

{"title":"Screening for cancer.","authors":"M Hakama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"The screening programme should be planned as an experiment before large scale application. Otherwise, due to the different biases inherent in nonexperimental research in general, there is a high probability of arriving at inconclusive evidence. Too often a favourable natural history is presumed, including the assumption that treatment of a screen-detected case postpones death. After such an assumption is made it is very difficult to carry out research on whether such prerequisites are true independently of the correctness or falsity these assumptions. The screening programme requires not only a valid test but also a valid programme, including elements such as the quality of the test material (cervical smear), the quality of the laboratory, the attendance of the population and the availability of referral and treatment facilities. The only valid measure for the efficacy of a screening programme is mortality (and sometimes incidence) from the disease. There are many other indicators, called process measures, all of which may show a favourable effect even in cases where the programme is inefficient. As for the application of screening for cancer in the Nordic countries, the present state of the art is as follows: Screening for cervical cancer is a well established practice performed by the health services. Every year about 1000 cases of invasive disease are likely to be prevented in the five Nordic countries as a result of cytological screening. The effectiveness of screening for breast cancer is also established by modern scientific methods. The large-scale Swedish experiments clearly show the potential of screening based on mammography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"37 ","pages":"17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14591048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Indoor climate problems in day institutions for children. Practical, Administrative and policy perspectives. 儿童日间机构的室内气候问题。实际、行政和政策观点。

Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1985-01-01

J Steensberg

{"title":"Indoor climate problems in day institutions for children. Practical, Administrative and policy perspectives.","authors":"J Steensberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Based on case material from the late 1970s and early 1980s from the Institution of Medical Officers of Health covering a Danish county some examples of practical indoor climate problems in day institutions for children are given. Insufficient ventilation of premises is probably the single most important factor in the development of indoor climate problems. An effective cleaning generally improves the indoor air. The study particularly illustrates the administrative and policy perspectives of the decision making process. Those that make decisions on indoor climate problems unfortunately seem to favour a narrow definition of health, i.e. the absence of overt disease; and they are not always aware that the relationship between indoor climate factors and health effects cannot be proven in an absolute sense. Experts on the scientific aspects are needed but their statements are influenced by personal values and their perception of the reasonable balance between health protection and social costs. One of the main factors influencing the indoor climate situation in Danish day institutions for children has been the lack of an adequate regulatory framework; and the central administration and responsible ministers have failed to use the already existing legislative powers to prevent problems. Decision making in cases on the indoor climate of institutions should be accelerated; we cannot wait for proof before taking preventive measures. The indoor air of institutions is a \"public good\" to the same extent as the ambient air and the responsible authorities have an obligation to regulate accordingly. When building regulations prove insufficient other central authorities must support local decision makers with more specific directions. Testing of building materials, hazard rating and an approval system is needed. Guidelines on indoor climate requirements for public institutions should be developed. In countries with a built-up system of child institutions and a decreasing birth rate it is especially important to improve the already existing institutions. In our regulatory and administrative practice we must restore the balance between the present concern for the health of the adult working population and the insufficient protection of children. We obviously need more research but increased attention should be paid to the administrative and political barriers that prevent improvements of the indoor air.","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"36 ","pages":"1-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14983620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0