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Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum最新文献

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Potential savings in health care expenditure by injury prevention--an argument for public policy decisions. 预防伤害可能节省医疗保健开支——公共政策决策的论据。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
B Jansson
{"title":"Potential savings in health care expenditure by injury prevention--an argument for public policy decisions.","authors":"B Jansson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to provide politicians with alternative ways of reducing health care expenditures through injury prevention. One way to do this is to present examples of how rationalisation gains resulting from injury prevention can be calculated and how this can be used to influence the direction of health policy. The calculations in the example are based on an estimated incidence of 113 patients per 1,000 population for outpatients and the number of hospitalised patients reported in the patient statistics. The costs of medical and surgical treatment and care have been calculated with the aid of Karolinska Hospital's contract for care of patients from other counties. Based on experience from the Falköping project, the preventive effect has been estimated to be 28 per cent. The approach has also been reviewed according to eight key features of health policy analysis in order to demonstrate new ways of increasing communication. The calculations show that under ideal conditions 316 hospital beds in Stockholm county can be released for other purposes. A dialogue has been started with politicians and administrators for continued discussions in the respective counties. Experience shows that data for calculation of rationalisation gains can be obtained rapidly. For more detailed health economic analyses, a comprehensive injury surveillance system and more detailed patient statistics are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"120-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Health policy assessment. Proceedings of an international workshop. Göteborg, Sweden, February 26-March 1, 1990. 卫生政策评估。国际研讨会论文集。Göteborg，瑞典，1990年2月26日至3月1日。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
{"title":"Health policy assessment. Proceedings of an international workshop. Göteborg, Sweden, February 26-March 1, 1990.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"5-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12851960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Background factors in the decline of infant mortality in Sweden 1800-1930. 瑞典1800-1930年婴儿死亡率下降的背景因素。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
U B Lithell
{"title":"Background factors in the decline of infant mortality in Sweden 1800-1930.","authors":"U B Lithell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the changing Swedish society during the period 1800-1930 and to highlight factors which may have determined the decline in infant mortality during this period. A women's perspective will be used as a method to approach the problem. The following hypothesis has been formulated: a declining infant mortality was indirectly linked to and mediated through improvements in women's and mothers' living conditions in the past. Health information was successful when women and mothers possessed the necessary prerequisites for understanding and utilizing this information. Because of improved harvests food consumption per capita increased from the second decade of the 19th century. Deaths related to smallpox decreased from the beginning of the 19th century and fewer children under five and above died. A pronounced growth of the population due to declining mortality started from the second decade of the 19th century. The decline of infant mortality was, firstly, a combined effect of an increased intake of calories and a gradual decrease of work loads for women, which indirectly and directly influenced infants' health and survival. Fewer small-for-date infants were born, and mothers had more time for breast-feeding and child care. Secondary factors of importance were improved delivery care, health information on child care and hygiene, and declining fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12967191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strategies for health financing in Kenya--the difficult birth of a new policy. 肯尼亚卫生筹资战略——新政策的艰难诞生。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
G Dahlgren
{"title":"Strategies for health financing in Kenya--the difficult birth of a new policy.","authors":"G Dahlgren","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Kenyan Government has recently introduced a new strategy for health financing. The roles of the World Bank and US-AID in developing this strategy are reviewed in this article. Particular attention is paid to the fact that the government--under heavy pressure from the World Bank-partly had to accept a strategy generating less revenue and greater inequities than alternative strategies considered. At the same time the policy options assessed illustrate how the Kenyan Government managed to avoid public health services being transformed into semi private services primarily for middle and high income groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"67-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12967193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Money consuming monuments or efficient echelons?--Assessing the economic role of hospitals in national health care systems. 花钱的纪念碑还是高效的梯队?-评估医院在国家卫生保健系统中的经济作用。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
M Brommels
{"title":"Money consuming monuments or efficient echelons?--Assessing the economic role of hospitals in national health care systems.","authors":"M Brommels","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of a national health care system would due to conceptual reasons and formidable technical problems result in crude or disputable estimates. Therefore, this paper argues that an economical assessment cannot avoid delineating health care into its different sectors, and looking into them separately. An analysis of the hospital sector is suggested to be pursued in the following order: First, the proportion of total health care expenditure allocated to hospitals is calculated. Second, cost per service is measured and the relative importance of input factors on that estimate of internal efficiency (productivity) are analysed. Third, distribution of service utilisation is determined, relating it to structural and demographic variables. Fourth, the impact of funding mechanisms is noted as an important marginal condition for economical performance. The paper discusses methods for each stage of analysis using examples from the Nordic countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"125-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
General theory of paradigms in health. 健康范式的一般理论。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
E Mohs
{"title":"General theory of paradigms in health.","authors":"E Mohs","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Costa Rica, three sequential health paradigms have been identified over the last 50 years. The first began to develop during the 40's and has been called that of the deficiency diseases, since with a diachronic approach it placed excessive emphasis on malnutrition. The second began in 1970 and it is known as that of the infectious diseases, since through a holistic or synchronic approach, it underlined the importance of infections in high rates of morbidity and mortality. The third and last is the paradigm of the chronic diseases, it appeared in the 80's and is presently in process, doing battle with the chronic ailments, life styles, and environment, and it also utilizes a holistic approach. The recognition of these three paradigms has permitted Costa Rica a rapid advance in improving the health of its population, to the point that with a per capita outlay of $130 (US dollars), it has indices similar to those of the industrialized nations. This particular experience could be useful for other less-developed countries that are still applying the paradigm of the deficiency diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Macroeconomic adjustment and social sector expenditure. 宏观经济调整和社会部门支出。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
S I Friedmann
{"title":"Macroeconomic adjustment and social sector expenditure.","authors":"S I Friedmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a review of the evolution of public financing of the social sectors in Costa Rica during the period 1975-1988 in which the country went in succession through rapid expansion, recession, and macroeconomic adjustment with slow reactivation. The review underlines the magnitude of the effort made by the country in the social sectors and the distortions that have occurred during the period in study. The paper concludes that Costa Rica can sustain its high level of social development provided that public sector resources are used more efficiently, and on activities targeted on the provision of basic services.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"104-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluating health systems and health policies. 评估卫生系统和卫生政策。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
G Cumper
{"title":"Evaluating health systems and health policies.","authors":"G Cumper","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"133-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemiology in developing countries--some experiences from collaboration across disciplines and cultures. 发展中国家的流行病学——来自跨学科和文化合作的一些经验。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1991-01-01
S G Wall
{"title":"Epidemiology in developing countries--some experiences from collaboration across disciplines and cultures.","authors":"S G Wall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiology has been increasingly recognized as a public health strategy for health research, intervention and health policy making. In this communication I will focus on strategies and methods for epidemiology within the context of working together across disciplines and cultures. That problems are local but methods global is one of the immediate lesions from these collaborations as well as the obvious awareness that no one can be an expert on others. Our experience from collaborative research and research in Sweden is also that of a mutual benefit between Swedish and development research. This also applies to research training and capability strengthening where a close connection between field research and training is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"46 ","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1991-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12968615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Environmental health decision making. The politics of disease prevention. 环境卫生决策。疾病预防的政治。
Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum Pub Date : 1989-01-01
J Steensberg
{"title":"Environmental health decision making. The politics of disease prevention.","authors":"J Steensberg","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":76526,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian journal of social medicine. Supplementum","volume":"42 ","pages":"1-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13803423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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