Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Global multi-model projections of green water scarcity risks in rainfed agriculture under 1.5 °C and 3 °C warming","authors":"Lorenzo Rosa,&nbsp;Liyin He","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfed agriculture, sustaining billions globally, faces escalating threats from climate change, yet the role of green water (soil moisture) in quantifying these risks remains critically understudied. We quantify green water scarcity (GWS)—insufficient rainfall to meet crop needs—under 1.5°C and 3°C warming, tracking shifts in risk categories (reliable, risky, highly risky) based on monthly water stress duration. At baseline (1996–2005), 25 % of global rainfed croplands (183 million hectares, Mha) are classified as reliable (≤1 month of GWS annually). However, with 1.5°C and 3°C of global warming, the risk of GWS increases noticeably, resulting in the loss of 70 Mha and 106 Mha of reliable rainfed croplands, respectively, shifting them into risky or highly risky categories. This degradation jeopardizes food production for 0.8 billion people at 1.5°C and 1.2 billion at 3°C, disproportionately impacting regions reliant on rainfed systems. Crucially, 3°C warming doubles the spatial extent of severe GWS compared to 1.5°C, underscoring the nonlinear rise in agricultural risks with temperature. Our analysis reveals that limiting warming to 1.5°C could preserve croplands that feed 400 million people, highlighting the urgent need for climate mitigation. These findings demand integrated water-resilient strategies—prioritizing soil moisture conservation, adaptive crop choices, and sustainable irrigation—to safeguard global food security. By bridging green water dynamics with climate targets, we provide a roadmap for stabilizing rainfed agriculture in a warming world.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109519"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supply and demand of agricultural water resources under future saline-alkali land improvement","authors":"Peng Qi,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Dequan Zhang,&nbsp;Haipeng Xu,&nbsp;Guangxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reserve resources of cultivated land in China are generally limited, but the number of saline-alkali land is large and has great development potential. Due to the current single development model and high pressure on water resource consumption, it is urgent to explore diversified governance models and effective water resource management. This study selected the western Jilin Province (WJP), which is located in the concentrated distribution area of soda saline-alkali land in Northeast China. By coupling PLUS model-InVEST model-crop coefficient method, eight different scenarios were designed at the same time, and the situation of normal year and dry year was considered. The changes of agricultural water resources supply and demand (AWRSD) under different scenarios in 2040 were systematically quantified. The results showed that the utilization efficiency of saline-alkali land in WJP was improved through effective land remediation. Especially in the saline-alkali land improvement scenario and the comprehensive development scenario, the area of saline-alkali land will decrease by 1188.49 km² and 1709.75 km² by 2040, respectively. Under the traditional irrigation mode, the future agricultural water resources supply (AWRS) (31.89 ×10⁸ ∼ 36.95 ×10⁸ m³) cannot meet the agricultural water resources demand (AWRD) (44.6 ×10⁸ ∼ 87.28 ×10⁸ m³), and the contradiction of water shortage in dry years is particularly prominent. Rice planting area is the key area of agricultural water resources pressure. The expansion of water-intensive crops and the changes of land use and precipitation jointly affect agricultural water resources. The study proposes to construct a deeply coupled climate-land-hydrological model to cope with the challenges of agricultural water resources under future climate change, and to achieve the synergistic goal of efficient utilization of water resources and sustainable management of saline-alkali land by constructing a governance model of 'water saving irrigation-planting structure optimization '. The research results can provide a scientific basis for future regional land use planning and water resources allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109503"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the VegSyst v3 model to simulate seasonal dry matter production, uptake of nutrients, and evapotranspiration in a greenhouse soilless tomato crop in Tuscany","authors":"Giulia Carmassi ,&nbsp;Susanna Cialli ,&nbsp;Fatjon Cela ,&nbsp;Esteban Baeza Romero ,&nbsp;Marisa Gallardo ,&nbsp;Luca Incrocci","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the application of the VegSyst v3 model, developed in Spain for greenhouse soil-grown vegetable crops, to estimate dry matter production (DMP), evapotranspiration (ETc), and nutrient uptake in spring greenhouse soilless tomato in Italy. The cultivar Pisanello was chosen because it is particularly popular within the Tuscan region. The original VegSyst v3 model was calibrated to specific growing conditions in the Tuscan region for radiation use efficiency (RUE=3.90 and 2.20 after detopping instead of RUE=4.01) and crop coefficient (kc=1.45 instead of 1.00). The Almeria radiation model was used to estimate greenhouse reference evapotranspiration (ET₀). New dilution curves for magnesium (Mg) and phosphorus (P), expressed by the power equation %Mg = 0.60 × DMP^(-0.200) (R² = 0.94), and %P = 0.55 × DMP^(-150) (R² = 0.98), were introduced. These recalibrated Mg and P curves performed better in soilless system than the original dilution curve from VegSyst v3. The calibrated model demonstrated accurate predictions for DMP, ETc, the uptake of all macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), and the uptake concentrations throughout the tomato-crop spring seasons. Moreover, the model was also preliminarily validated in a commercial farm of soilless tomato cultivation. The recalibrated VegSyst v3 model could be incorporated into a Decision Support System (DSS) to provide recommendations to farmers in Tuscany for managing the nutrient solution composition for soilless tomato crops in greenhouses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment framework for water-suitable planting patterns of economic tree species in arid areas","authors":"Chao Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Kong ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhao ,&nbsp;Ting Bai ,&nbsp;Fei Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Luan ,&nbsp;Shikun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Appropriate forest restoration is of great significance in arid regions. However, it is necessary to balance soil moisture utilization to maintain the health of the ecosystem. The northern Shaanxi region of the Loess Plateau has undergone large-scale afforestation, primarily focused on fruit tree planting. Although it is a favorable production area for apples, unreasonable planting patterns have exacerbated soil moisture consumption, leading to a contradiction between orchard expansion and water scarcity. Therefore, this study selects apple orchards in this region as the research subject. By integrating the calibrated WinEPIC model and MaxEnt model, the study evaluates water-suitable planting patterns for orchards, including suitable planting years, planting density, theoretical coverage, and the evolution of suitable growth areas under future climate scenarios. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Orchard yield and water productivity show a parabolic increasing trend with planting density; (2) The suitable planting density for representative orchards varies between 611 and 1099 trees/hm², and the theoretical coverage gradually decreases from south to north; (3) Under future climate scenarios, the distribution range of suitable growth areas becomes more concentrated, with the centroid of suitable areas shifting northward. This study is of great significance for guiding the sustainable development of the apple industry in northern Shaanxi. At the same time, it also provides valuable references and examples for forest restoration and water-suitable planting of tree species in other similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109513"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating denitrification performance and microbial com-munities in sorghum stalk-based systems: Optimal conditions for nitrate removal","authors":"Zhilong Wang,&nbsp;Jun Xie,&nbsp;Guangjun Wang,&nbsp;Zhifei Li,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Yun Xia,&nbsp;Jingjing Tian,&nbsp;Hongyan Li,&nbsp;Wenping Xie,&nbsp;Wangbao Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological denitrification has promise for the removal of nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) from water. In this study, the effects of different temperatures, hydraulic retention times (HRTs), and influent nitrate concentrations (INCs) on denitrification performance were determined in a reverse nitrification system with sorghum stalk (SS) in a flow field environment. The optimum temperature for denitrification in constructed wetlands is 30 °C, under which the NO₃^--N and total nitrogen removal rates were 75.46 ± 6.77 % and 69.85 ± 6.06 %, respectively. The optimal HRT and INC for the sorghum stalk-denitrification reactor (SS-DR) were 32 h and 50 mg/L, respectively. Under these conditions, NO₃^--N and total nitrogen removal rates of SS-DR were 95.71 ± 1.75 % and 93.46 ± 1.36 %, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the dominant phyla in the constructed wetlands were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota, Desulfobacterota, Nitrospirota, Actinobacteriota, and Bacteroidota. Most Proteobacteria were facultative and obligate anaerobic denitrifying bacteria ubiquitous in sludge. Bacteroidota plays an important role in nitrogen cycling and energy conversion in ecosystems and decomposes macromolecular organic matter such as protein, cellulose, and lipids. Firmicutes were involved in the denitrification and degradation of cellulose, which has hydrolysis and acidification effects on agricultural waste. These findings provide a reference for the use of SS as an additional carbon source to enhance denitrification in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109510"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar amendment mitigates negative effects of controlled irrigation on paddy soil structure: Insights from micro-pore network analysis","authors":"Jiazhen Hu ,&nbsp;Shihong Yang ,&nbsp;Wim M. Cornelis ,&nbsp;Qian Huang ,&nbsp;Suting Qi ,&nbsp;Zewei Jiang ,&nbsp;Haonan Qiu ,&nbsp;Yi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing rice production demands and water scarcity, developing water-saving irrigation techniques for paddy fields is a global priority. The impact of these techniques on soil structure remains unclear, especially under varying water-carbon conditions. From 2022–2023, field experiments examined four biochar rates and two irrigation methods (controlled irrigation (CI) and flooding irrigation (FI)), resulting in five treatments: CK (0t/ha+CI), CA (60t/ha+CI), CB (30t/ha+CI), CC (10t/ha+CI), and FK (0t/ha+FI). Compared to FK, CK decreased mean weight diameter (19.73–25.54 %), soil organic matter (4.64–9.79 %), total nitrogen (2.68–10.59 %), dissolved organic carbon (1.90–9.48 %), water content at saturation (0.23–15.83 %) and permanent wilting point (3.69–7.87 %), while it increased unstable aggregates index (6.29–15.11 %) and fractal dimension (1.59–1.88 %). Biochar treatments (CA, CB, CC) mitigated CK's adverse effects on soil aggregate stability, total nitrogen, and water retention capacity and significantly improved these indicators. CA increased porosity across various effective pore diameters, while CB and CC primarily increased the proportion of porosity for diameters &gt; 250μm. Simulation results indicated that compared to CK (3.879μm²), the intrinsic permeability (K) of soil under CA, CB, and CC treatments increased by 106.69 %, 77.77 %, and 3.31 %, respectively, while FK showed a contrasting decrease of 3.58 %. K correlated well with &gt; 250μm porosity and connected porosity representing microstructure, with correlation coefficients of 0.96 and 0.94. Overall, biochar improved chemical properties and micropore structure (porosity for diameters &gt;250μm, connected porosity) of soil aggregates under CI, enhancing macroaggregate functions such as soil stability and hydraulic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109517"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation increase enhanced the positive effect of nitrogen addition on soil N2O emissions by promoting soil nitrogen transformation and plant productivity in saline-alkaline grassland of Northern China","authors":"Huajie Diao ,&nbsp;Wenli Xu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Wenjun Liang ,&nbsp;Yangyang Gao ,&nbsp;Gaoliang Pang ,&nbsp;Yicong Chen ,&nbsp;Jianyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxin Huang ,&nbsp;Jie Hao ,&nbsp;Changhui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Kuanhu Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individual effects of continued increases in nitrogen (N) deposition and changes in precipitation have been reported to have profound effects on N cycling in grassland ecosystems. However, the response and regulatory mechanisms of soil nitrous oxide (N₂O) flux to N deposition under conditions of changing precipitation are still unclear, especially in saline-alkaline grasslands. A 3-yr (2021–2023) manipulative field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of N addition and precipitation changes ( ± 50 % in ambient precipitation) in a saline-alkaline grassland of the agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern China. The results indicate that: (1) compared with the results of the control plots, N addition alone significantly increased soil N₂O flux by 107.0 %; changes in precipitation alone showed no significant effect on soil N₂O flux; and N addition combined with increased precipitation yielded a significant increase of 180.1 % in soil N₂O flux across the three years. (2) The positive effect of N addition on soil N₂O flux was increase exponentially with increasing precipitation. (3) N addition, rather than a change in precipitation, significantly increased the seasonal mean net nitrification rate (<em>R</em>_nit) by 191.8 %, the net N mineralization rates (<em>R</em>_min) by 181.7 %, and the gene abundance of ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) by 3 %. (4) Soil N₂O flux was significantly and positively correlated with above-ground primary productivity (ANPP), <em>R</em>_nit, and <em>R</em>_min; and the relative changes in soil N₂O flux and plants productivity induced by N addition were all increased with precipitation. (5) Plants characteristics and soil microbial N mineralization indirectly regulated the effects of N addition and precipitation alteration on soil N₂O flux. These observations highlight that increased precipitation can enhance the soil N₂O emissions under concurrent N deposition scenarios, and thus exacerbate global warming. This study provided a theoretical basis for the restoration and utilization of degraded grasslands in agro-pastoral ecotone grassland in Northern China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109509"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grafting wild rootstocks as a climate-resilient strategy to enhance productivity, quality and tolerance in eggplant under variable water stress induced by deficit irrigation","authors":"G.C. Wakchaure ,&nbsp;Dharmendra Kumar ,&nbsp;Satish Kumar ,&nbsp;B.J. Gawhale ,&nbsp;Kamlesh K. Meena ,&nbsp;Chetankumar Prakash Sawant ,&nbsp;D.K. Singh ,&nbsp;Suresh Kumar Paramasivam ,&nbsp;P.S. Minhas","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grafting scion of high-yielding cultivars on wild and tolerant rootstocks is emerging as a promising climate-resilient strategy for enhancing crop productivity, especially the vegetables cultivated in water-scarce regions. Its effectiveness was evaluated by grafting eggplant scion (<em>Solanum melongena</em> L., cv. Ajay: AJ) onto wild rootstocks (<em>Solanum macrocarpon</em>: SM, <em>Solanum gilo</em>: SG, and <em>Solanum torvum</em>: ST) and comparing these with self-grafted AJ/AJ and non-grafted AJ controls, under variable water stress intensities for two-years (2021–2023). Under full irrigation (100 % ET), fruit yield was 40.4 Mg ha⁻¹ , and shoot biomass was 1.28 Mg ha⁻¹ . These values decreased by 20–75 % and 6.2–64 %, respectively, as water deficits increased with irrigation at 75–25 % ET. Enhanced canopy vigour, root proliferation, water and nutrient uptake, and photosynthesis (Q_max) in grafted plants improved fruit yield by 12.7–24.5 % and water productivity by 6.1–9.9 kg m^–3. Fruit yield losses decreased by 12–44 %. Scions grafted onto SM and SG rootstocks showed higher tolerance, as indicated by quadratic water production functions and lower fruit yield response factors (K_AJ/SM and K_AJ/SG ≤ 1). Grafting also maintained fruit quality traits, including weight per fruit, their diameter, firmness, protein content, and total soluble solids. Additionally, the fruit dry matter, rehydration quality, and phenolic constituents improved, which increased their suitability for marketing, storage, and processing. Thus, grafting onto <em>Solanum macrocarpon</em> and <em>Solanum gilo</em> rootstocks, combined with mild to medium deficit irrigation (50–75 % ET), can be an effective strategy for optimizing water resource utilization and sustaining eggplant production and fruit quality in drought-prone regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109492"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change promotes shifts of summer maize yield and water productivity in the Weihe River Basin: A regionalization study based on a distributed crop model","authors":"Wenxin Xie ,&nbsp;Hui Ran ,&nbsp;Anni Deng ,&nbsp;Kunhao Jiang ,&nbsp;Han Ru ,&nbsp;Ning Yao ,&nbsp;Jianqiang He ,&nbsp;Tehseen Javed ,&nbsp;Xiaotao Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change represents a significant threat to global food security, underscoring the critical need to predict its impacts on crop yield and water productivity (WP). This study employed a two-stage evaluation process to select four global climate models (GCMs) from a pool of 13 GCMs, based on four shared socio-economic pathways (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5). A comparative analysis of the average weighted fusion method and the least squares weighted fusion method revealed that the latter was more suitable for future solar radiation data fusion. The distributed DSSAT-CERES-Maize model was employed to simulate summer maize yield and WP in the Weihe River Basin from 1982 to 2099, incorporating crop cultivation and irrigation areas. Machine learning quantified the relative importance of key meteorological factors influencing spatial variations in yield and WP. The prediction indicates that future temperature and rainfall increases will become more widespread across the basin. By 2099, the maximum temperature is expected to rise by an average of 2.5°C, the minimum temperature by 2.6°C, and rainfall by 71 mm. In contrast, solar radiation is projected to decrease in more areas. In the future, escalating mitigation challenges over time will drive a spatial shift in high-yield areas (≥7500 kg ha⁻¹) and areas with increased yield and WP (historically 1.5 times higher), migrating from the southeastern to the northwestern parts of the Weihe River Basin—transitioning from historically wetter to drier areas. Simultaneously, the southeastern region is expected to experience yield and WP reductions of up to 40 %. Under rainfed conditions, WP is projected to benefit more than under irrigation as mitigation challenges intensify. Rising temperatures emerge as the dominant factor influencing yield and WP changes across 82 % of the basin on average, serving as the primary driver of the spatial shift in yield- and WP-increasing zones. This study provides theoretical support for farmers and policymakers in specifying appropriate management measures for the Weihe River Basin to adapt to climate change, aiming to ensure sustainable agricultural development and enhance summer maize productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109500"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143890939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation but not fertilization increases yields and N2 fixation in organic faba bean in temperate climates","authors":"Lars Dietrich ,&nbsp;Chantal Syrovy ,&nbsp;Thomas F. Döring ,&nbsp;Rüdiger Jung ,&nbsp;Stefan Siebert ,&nbsp;Daniel Neuhoff","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how to optimize water and nutrient management is crucial for improving crop productivity in organic farming systems. In this study, we examined the effects of irrigation and fertilization on yield and nitrogen fixation in organically managed faba bean crops in temperate climates in six field trials covering three sites and two years. Irrigated plots showed a 54 % yield increase and higher nitrogen fixation (up to 105 %), while fertilization with rock phosphate and potassium sulfate, with or without micronutrients, had no significant impact. Irrigation induced higher yields as well as a significant increase in pod number, grain count, and chlorophyll content of leaves, suggesting improved photosynthesis, flowering and pod filling. Despite low soil nutrient levels for P, Mo and B, mineral fertilization showed no effect on faba bean yields and nitrogen fixation, likely due to long-term organic fertilization with cattle manure. Our results also indicate that irrigation enhances farmgate nitrogen balance by increasing nitrogen fixation without depleting soil nitrogen reserves. These findings suggest that water, rather than nutrient supply, is essential for maintaining productivity and nitrogen fixation in organic faba bean cultivation also in temperate regions. Economically, however, irrigation proved cost-effective in only one of six trials, suggesting that irrigation rates need to be optimized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 109498"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}