Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Depth distributions of soil temperature: Seasonal sensitivity and simulation across dryness/wetness conditions","authors":"Yining Wang ,&nbsp;Jiefeng Wu ,&nbsp;Jian-yun Zhang ,&nbsp;Tiesheng Guan ,&nbsp;Guoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Junliang Jin ,&nbsp;Zhenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exploring the response patterns of soil temperature to dryness/wetness at various depths enhances our understanding of the complex interactions between surface water dynamics and thermal transfer. Previous studies have focused primarily on analyzing the thermal evolution and response mechanisms of soil temperature with respect to various meteorological factors, neglecting its response across different timescales for dry/wet conditions. This research examines response patterns from four perspectives: trends, seasonal sensitivity, propagation, and response relationships. Based on these patterns, the random forest model was employed to simulate the cumulative soil temperature (CST) during dry and wet periods, using the duration and severity of these periods at different soil depths as input variables. Using long-term monthly observations (1966–2022) from the Wudaogou National Comprehensive Hydrological Observation Station in Anhui Province, China, we analyzed the soil temperature at depths of 0–320 cm paired with meteorological data. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) was employed to characterize dryness/wetness across various timescales (from 1-month to 12-months). The results indicate the following: (1) A distinct shift in soil thermal dynamics was observed, with a cooling trend prior to 1992 transitioning into a pronounced warming phase thereafter. The post-1992 warming rate was 3–4 times faster than the overall rate for 1966–2022, revealing critical temporal shifts in soil temperature responses. (2) Shallower soil layers (0–40 cm) exhibited heightened seasonal sensitivity to dryness/wetness, responding more rapidly and intensely than deeper layers (&gt;80 cm), especially at short timescales (≤3 months). This underscores the critical role of surface soil interactions in thermal dynamics. (3) A ‘compression’ phenomenon in temperature transmission was identified, where the influence of dryness and wetness on soil temperature diminishes with increasing depth. Dry periods consistently elevated soil temperatures, whereas wet periods reduced them, providing insights into vertical thermal propagation mechanisms. (4) The random forest model showcased a strong capability to simulate CST achieving <em>R</em>² and <em>Ens</em> values above 0.91 and absolute <em>PBIAS</em> values below 5 %. These findings are essential for managing ecosystems and agricultural practices, as well as informing water management strategies in regions facing extreme climate events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving patterns of compound heat and water stress conditions: Implications for agriculture futures in Australia","authors":"Navid Ghajarnia ,&nbsp;Ulrike Bende-Michl ,&nbsp;Wendy Sharples ,&nbsp;Elisabetta Carrara ,&nbsp;Sigrid Tijs","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Australia's agriculture has faced prolonged extreme heat and drought periods, leading to significant economic and agricultural losses. Climate projections show a rising risk of droughts and heatwaves in Australia, making it essential to understand these dynamics for effective planning and adaptation. We define agricultural heat and/or water stress (AgHWS) indices using crop and soil physiology thresholds. This crop-specific approach enhances our analysis of compound events' impacts on agricultural commodities. We examine both the compound and individual AgHWS conditions, tracking their changes through time. This is achieved through the implementation of historical reconstruction (back to 1961) and future projections (to 2099) using suitable CMIP5 models for Australia. For this, we utilise daily temperature and soil moisture data from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's high-resolution (0.05°) National Hydrological Projections using CMIP5 climate forcing together with the Australian Water Resources Assessment – Landscape (AWRA-L) model. These projections are examined under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and are compared to historical outputs from the AWRA-L model. Results indicate that: (1) AgHWS conditions are projected to increase in frequency, and intensity in future years with earlier onsets and prolonged durations across Australia; (2) AgHWS duration will rise from approximately 10 days per event in the late historical period to around 30 days per event for RCP 4.5, and 50 days per event for RCP 8.5 in the late future; (3) Northern Australia is projected to be severely impacted by AgHWS conditions while agricultural regions in south-eastern and south-western Australia appear to be less so; and (4) Water stress contributes most to the creation of AgHWS conditions, underscoring the importance of soil water conservation management. By analysing the spatio-temporal patterns of changes in both individual and compound AgHWS conditions, this study can support decision-making and helps inform targeted adaptation strategies for the agricultural sector across Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109573"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irrigation performance and hydrological indicators in an irrigated catchment: How participatory research within a FabLab can contribute to sustainable irrigated production","authors":"Encarnación V. Taguas ,&nbsp;Blanca Cuadrado-Alarcón ,&nbsp;Ignacio Domenech ,&nbsp;M. Ascensión Carmona ,&nbsp;Luciano Mateos ,&nbsp;Helena Gomez-Macpherson","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is the result of co-working with the Water Users Association (WUA) in the Genil-Cabra Irrigation Scheme (Spain) to generate knowledge and understanding for the environmental improvement of collective water management. Most of the collaborative work aimed at developing a performance alarm system, based on downstream monitoring, and was carried out on a catchment covering 303 ha, cultivated with olive trees, field crops and vegetables, irrigated with drip or sprinkler systems. The catchment was monitored for 4 hydrological years (2011–12, 2017–18, 2018–19 and 2021–22): the obtained water balances were analysed, runoff and its water quality (sediments and active ingredients) quantified, and the hydrological behaviour of the catchment characterized, discussing the influence on the responses of the predominant vertisol soils. Irrigation runoff was minimal. Prolonged wet conditions with rainy autumns followed by a rainy spring generated highest runoff and sediment values, but no relationship was found between the concentration of detected active ingredients and rainfall or runoff parameters. The FabLab provided the WUA with a collaborative structure that could address environmental concerns for their sustainable management. Results helped to understand conditions that lead to soil loss and water contamination, and increased awareness among farmers when facing values obtained for their own conditions. The potential role of WUAs and FabLabs in the implementation of environmental policies is discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the advantages and optimal irrigation regime for maize-Cyperus esculentus intercropping system in northwestern Liaoning, China","authors":"Xiaoping Dai ,&nbsp;Xinhao Du ,&nbsp;Siyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Haoran Liu ,&nbsp;Xiuqin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Science-based cropping pattern and irrigation scheduling are crucial for improving the efficiency of water and land use, especially in arid and demi-arid areas. Maize is extensively cultivated in northwestern Liaoning, China, where is semi-arid area. It has been a challenge to improve the water use efficiency and income of maize planting in this area. This study conducted field experiments on the maize-<em>Cyperus esculentus</em> intercropping system using drip irrigation over three years in Jianping County of northwestern Liaoning. Yield, water use efficiency (WUE), land equivalent ratio (LER), interspecific competitive ability and net return were measured to compare the advantages of maize-<em>Cyperus esculentus</em> intercropping system with monocropping. Three treatments of irrigation regimes, rain-fed(T1), heavy control (T2), light control (T3), were applied to explore the optimal irrigation regime under the intercropping system. In 2020, the optimal yield of maize in the maize-<em>Cyperus esculentus</em> intercropping system was 7.1 % higher than that in the monocropping system. In 2021, the optimal yield of <em>Cyperus esculentus</em> in the intercropping system was 29.9 % less than that in the monocropping system. The WUE of intercropping system was 12.7 %-49.8 % higher than that of maize monocropping system. LER of three irrigation treatments under maize-<em>Cyperus esculentus</em> intercropping system ranged from 1.78 to 2.42. Interspecific competitive ability of three irrigation treatments under maize-<em>Cyperus esculentus</em> intercropping system was all greater than 0, demonstrating that maize had a higher competitive capability for light, water, and nutrients compared to <em>Cyperus esculentus</em>. The net income of the intercropping system in 2020 is 56,398.5 CNY·hm⁻², 182 % higher than the net income of maize monocropping (19,980 CNY·hm⁻²). The net income of the intercropping system in 2021 was 55,738.5 CNY·hm⁻², 14.5 % higher than the net income of <em>Cyperus esculentus</em> monocropping (48,687 CNY·hm⁻²). T3 water treatment showed the highest yield and net return. The Maize-Cyperus esculentus intercropping system could improve maize yield, improve water use efficiency and increase farmers' income, comparing with monocropping and other intercropping systems. The light control (T3) in the maize-Cyperus esculentus intercropping system is recommended for promotion in northwestern Liaoning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing SWAT modeling with rainfall risk-based fertilizer timing to improve nutrient management and crop yields","authors":"Asmita Murumkar ,&nbsp;Mahesh Tapas ,&nbsp;Jay Martin ,&nbsp;Margaret Kalcic ,&nbsp;Vinayak Shedekar ,&nbsp;Dustin Goering ,&nbsp;Andrea Thorstensen ,&nbsp;Chelsie Boles ,&nbsp;Todd Redder ,&nbsp;Rem Confesor","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2016, the United States and Canada agreed to reduce phosphorus inputs to Lake Erie by 40 % to reduce the severity of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). These blooms have become more severe, with record events occurring in 2011 and 2015, and have compromised public safety, leading to do-not-drink advisories and negatively impacting the economy of the Western Lake Erie basin. To determine the potential benefits of avoiding nutrient application during high rainfall events compared to dry periods, we analyzed scenarios using three Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological models developed for the Maumee River Watershed. These SWAT models were developed by three different institutes and calibrated for flow and nutrient loadings at the watershed outlet. The scenarios varied the timing of nutrient (fertilizer as well as manure) applications at the hydrological response unit (HRU; smallest unit of a model) level based on the risk of rainfall events and included a (1) worst-condition scenario, in which nutrients were applied just before rain events having a high-risk of runoff and a (2) best-condition scenario, in which nutrients were applied during periods carrying a low-risk of runoff. The results demonstrate that applying nutrients during low-risk rainfall events reduced nitrate runoff by 10.9 %, total phosphorus by 1.2 %, and dissolved reactive phosphorus by 3.8 % during the spring season compared to high-risk rainfall events. While, the nitrate, total phosphorus and dissolved reactive phosphorus reductions were 6 % 0.7 % and 2.6 %, respectively on the annual scale. Additionally, nutrient application during high-risk rainfall events led to a reduction in crop yields, with soybean yields decreasing by 4.4 %, corn and rye by 3 %, and winter wheat by up to 5.5 %. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing nutrient application timing to minimize nutrient runoff and enhance crop productivity, contributing to improved water quality in the Great Lakes region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109555"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144124164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Pathways to increase farmers' agricultural operating income by improving irrigation water accessibility amid climate change","authors":"Shi Jiankui ,&nbsp;Chen Jingru ,&nbsp;Hu Xiangdong","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of global climate change, improving irrigation water accessibility (IWA) in arid highland regions has become an essential prerequisite for boosting the income and fostering prosperity among remote and economically disadvantaged farmers.This study primarily examines the impact of irrigation water accessibility on farmers' agricultural operating income (FAOI) and elucidates the underlying mechanisms through which this impact unfolds, utilizing survey data gathered from farmers in representative arid highland regions for empirical analysis.The results indicate that: Firstly, enhancing IWA significantly contributes to increasing FAOI, with a more pronounced effect on income growth in crop farming than in Livestock farming. Concurrently, improved IWA generates spillover and normative effects that drive income growth by elevating agricultural production efficiency and grain yield per unit area, as well as motivating farmers to adopt climate change adaptation strategies encompassing soil management, water resource management, farm management, and crop management. Secondly, transportation accessibility plays a moderating role in the relationship between IWA and FAOI, highway and high-speed rail accessibility exhibit a negative moderating effect, whereas township and county accessibility demonstrate a U-shaped moderating effect. Thirdly, improved IWA has effectively promoted FAOI with low fragmentation, high agricultural dependency.The findings hold significant practical implications for relatively underdeveloped regions in developing countries, advocating for targeted promotion of farmland water conservancy facilities and transportation infrastructure construction based on local conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109575"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of change in multiple cropping index of rice on hydrological components and grain production in the Zishui River Basin, Southern China","authors":"Chengcheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinlin Li ,&nbsp;Yufeng Wu ,&nbsp;Gary W. Marek ,&nbsp;Srinivasulu Ale ,&nbsp;Raghavan Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent declines in the rice Multiple Cropping Index (MCI) have reshaped grain production and water dynamics across Southern China, yet their effects on production stability and watershed hydrology, particularly in subtropical hilly regions, remain insufficiently studied. To address this, we extracted the current rice cropping structure in the Zishui River Basin (ZRB), Hunan Province, leveraging high-resolution Remote Sensing (RS) data. A planting suitability evaluation system for double cropping rice was developed by integrating climatic, soil, and site conditions through an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and GIS overlay. Based on these inputs, alternative rice cropping scenarios were simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate changes in hydrology and yield. The current rice planting scenario (S0) included 27.4 % single and 72.6 % double cropping areas, while 81.5 % of paddy fields were suitable for double cropping. The SWAT model, parameterized with RS-derived structures, achieved excellent streamflow simulation, with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (<em>NSE</em>) of 0.86 and 0.88 during calibration and validation periods, and percent bias (<em>PBIAS</em>) of 4.5 % and 3.1 %, respectively. Simulation results indicated that the optimized rice planting structure (S3) enhanced rice yield with minimal hydrological impacts. Compared to S0, S3 increased irrigation, evapotranspiration, percolation, and rice yield by 4.8 %, 1.4 %, 5.5 %, and 4.0 %, respectively, while full double cropping scenario (S2) achieved an 11.0 % yield increase but raised irrigation demand by 11.2 %. The opposite results were found for full single cropping rice scenario (S1). This study demonstrates RS-coupled watershed modeling as a robust framework for optimizing rice cropping systems and promoting sustainable agriculture in subtropical hilly regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A path towards precision border irrigation combining hydrodynamic modelling and in-field sensor-based support","authors":"Paul Vandôme,&nbsp;Gilles Belaud,&nbsp;Mohamed Amine Berkaoui,&nbsp;Cédric Guillemin,&nbsp;François Charron,&nbsp;Crystèle Leauthaud","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface irrigation is often described as low performing insofar as its practice is labour intensive and involves the use of large water flows that are difficult to quantify and manage. However, this method remains predominant worldwide, and modernisation towards localised irrigation systems is not always feasible nor advisable. To support border irrigation management, we previously developed a low-cost sensor for surface irrigation management, which remotely informs the farmer of water arrival downstream of his field and therefore of the moment to stop irrigation. The objectives of this article were: (i) to determine the optimal position of this sensor lengthwise in the field throughout the season, and (ii) to compare the influence of management scenarios (current farmer’s practices, sensor-based and time-based cutoff) on irrigation performance. To this end, an integrated agro-hydraulic model was developed to simulate surface water flow dynamics throughout the season including variations in infiltration and roughness. The model was run using monitoring data from the border irrigation of a hay field during a whole season in Southern France. The results showed that the optimal sensor position can change significantly over the course of the season, depending on inflow rates, initial soil moisture and Manning’s roughness. Sensor-based irrigation control was found to be more efficient than current farming practices, with an estimated water-saving potential of 33%, and more effective than an optimised fixed cutoff time in limiting water losses induced by variability or uncertainty in the initial conditions. For some irrigation events, water savings could reach 50%. The methods and findings should serve as a basis for larger-scale studies integrating the adoption of sensors and real-time data for surface irrigation management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109518"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mulching cultivation patterns on grain yield, resources use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of rainfed summer maize on the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Jiayu Wang,&nbsp;Han Wang,&nbsp;Qingqing Sui,&nbsp;Bingxue Dong,&nbsp;Zhenqi Liao,&nbsp;Chenglin Yang,&nbsp;Xinwei Deng,&nbsp;Zhijun Li,&nbsp;Junliang Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil mulching, an efficient practice for enhancing crop productivity, has been widely used in agricultural production in the arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. A two-season (2023 and 2024) field experiment was conducted on rainfed summer maize on the Loess Plateau of China, including six mulching cultivation patterns: flat cultivation with no mulching (NM), flat cultivation with full straw mulching (SM), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulching over the ridge (RP), ridge-furrow cultivation with transparent film mulching over continuous ridges (DMt), ridge-furrow cultivation with silver-black film mulching over continuous ridges (DMs), and ridge-furrow cultivation with black film mulching over continuous ridges (DMb). The results showed that soil mulching significantly affected the soil hydrothermal conditions within the 0–25 cm soil layer and significantly decreased crop evapotranspiration. DMb obtained the highest grain yield, followed by DMs. Compared to NM, DMb significantly increased leaf area index, above-ground biomass, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, water productivity, thermal time use efficiency, and radiation use efficiency by 31.3 %, 41.8 %, 26.2 %, 51.1 %, 49.6 %, 42.1 %, and 18.3 %, respectively. DMt had the highest greenhouse gas emission index (GHGI), while the GHGI of DMb was 52.4 % lower than that of DMt. Overall, DMb optimized soil hydrothermal conditions and facilitated above-ground biomass and water-heat-radiation use efficiency, significantly improving grain yield of rainfed summer maize while maintaining relatively low GHGI, which was a sustainable agricultural strategy for rainfed maize production on the Loess Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 109574"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actual crop coefficients for cereal crops in Montana USA from eddy covariance observations","authors":"Ojaswee Shrestha ,&nbsp;Anam Khan ,&nbsp;Jessica A. Torrion ,&nbsp;W. Adam Sigler ,&nbsp;Kent McVay ,&nbsp;Scott L. Powell ,&nbsp;Paul C. Stoy","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate quantification and derivation of crop coefficients (K_c) are essential for sustainable water management, especially in semi-arid agroecosystems facing water scarcity exacerbated by climate change. With the goal of creating a foundational local crop coefficient resource, we apply the FAO’s Penman-Monteith model to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) - evaporation from soils and non-stomatal surfaces, and transpiration from plants - and use eddy covariance and micrometeorological data to model actual K_c (K_{c act}) for spring wheat, winter wheat, and barley in semiarid agricultural regions of Montana, USA where growth-stage based K_{c act} has been infrequently reported. We used piecewise linear regression to calculate K_{c act} during different stages of the growing season. K_{c act} during the development stage ranged from 0.48 to 0.88 for flood-irrigated barley and non-irrigated wheat, peaked at most sites during the mid-stage (ranging from 0.28 to 0.69 for pivot-irrigated spring wheat), and linearly increased and decreased during the early and late phases, respectively. Variability in derived K_{c act} was influenced by soil water content, vapor pressure deficit, and soil heat flux representing residual sensitivity to K_{c act} arising from atmospheric and soil water limitations even in irrigated systems. We anticipate that the K_{c act} values reported here will be useful and transferable for irrigation management in Montana and similar semi-arid climate regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 109561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}