Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Effects of delayed nitrogen fertilizer drip timing on soil total salt, cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency","authors":"Junxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangwen Xie,&nbsp;Changxue Wu,&nbsp;Fan Cai,&nbsp;Yongmei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization in arid regions severely limits cotton growth by restricting nitrogen availability. Optimizing nitrogen application timing in conjunction with effective salt leaching is a potential strategy to enhance nitrogen uptake and improve yield. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen drip timing on soil salt leaching, available nitrogen distribution in the soil profile, and cotton yield. We conducted an indoor ¹⁵N labeled fertilizer leaching experiment and a two-year field experiment to adjust the nitrogen dripping time while applying the same amount of pure nitrogen. Specifically, “t” was defined as the total duration of one irrigation cycle, and the starting points for nitrogen application were as follows: T1, 1 h; T2, 1 h + 1/3 t h; T3, 1 h + 2/3 t h; CK, 1/3 t h and CK0 (no fertilization treatment). The results of indoor experiments revealed that the ¹⁵N abundance of the T3 treatment was the highest in the 0–20 cm soil layer, which was 57.50 % and 46.51 % higher than that of the T1 and T2 treatments. The results of field experiment show that T3 treatment significantly reduced the total soil salt, which was 25.49 % lower than that of T1 treatment at the bud stage. At the bud stages, the NO₃^- content of T3 treatment was 1.82 times higher than that of T1 treatment. In the boll opening stage, T3 treatment achieved the highest ammonium nitrogen content, which was 23.43 % higher than that of T1 treatment. At the flowering-boll stage, the nitrogen accumulation of T3 treatment was 30.17 % higher than that of CK treatment. The cotton yield was 11.63 % higher of T3 treatment compared to CK treatment. From the perspective of soil salinity, nitrogen distribution, nitrogen accumulation, and cotton yield, T3 treatment effectively removed salt and increased cotton yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding hydrometeorological conditions and their relationship with crop production in the upper east region, Ghana","authors":"C.I. Kelly ,&nbsp;E.F. Boateng ,&nbsp;A. Zibrila ,&nbsp;S.A. Andam-Akorful ,&nbsp;J.A. Quaye-Ballard ,&nbsp;P.B. Laari ,&nbsp;P. Damoah-Afari","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes long-term patterns in precipitation, (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and meteorological and agricultural drought indices in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana from 1981 to 2017. The study further investigates the relationship between these hydrometeorological variables and yields of groundnut, maize, millet, rice, and sorghum from 1993 to 2017. Results indicate statistically non-significant trends in P and ET over the study period, corresponding with fairly consistent crop yields. However, both linear and non-linear relationships between crop yield and hydrometeorological conditions were observed, with extreme soil moisture (SM) and P levels negatively impacting yields, likely due to waterlogging exceeding optimal thresholds for crops, or drought stress. Regression analyses show moderate R-squared values (0.1 to 0.5), suggesting that while hydrometeorological variables are key drivers, other factors, such as farming practices and socio-economic conditions, also influence yield variability. These findings underscore the need for water management strategies to optimize soil moisture and mitigate the impact of both droughts and extreme waterlogging on crop production. The study recommends adopting modern agricultural technologies, such as precision irrigation and drought-resistant crop varieties, to enhance crop yields and ensure sustainable farming in the UER.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of floating spheres on evaporation reduction and water salinity control in reservoirs","authors":"Guo-chen Hao ,&nbsp;Ke-Bin Shi ,&nbsp;Ke-wu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of simple reservoirs in arid regions helps meet the water demands for agricultural irrigation, industry, and domestic use, while also alleviating local water shortages and related issues. However, environmental concerns associated with reservoir development are becoming more evident. For instance, the stored water is gradually becoming saline. Studies suggest that reducing water evaporation over extended periods can effectively lower the salt concentration in the water. Currently, there is limited research on salt migration in reservoir water when covered with anti-evaporation materials. Given the potential impact of these materials on the water environment and hydrodynamic conditions, this study seeks to examine the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of reservoir mineralization under such covering. To this end, laboratory and field experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of covering the water surface with floating high-density polyethylene spheres to reduce evaporation and its effect on water salinity. These experiments included monitoring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, sediment resuspension, and water conductivity, as well as calculating the contribution of sediment release and evapotranspiration to the increase in salinity concentration within the water column. This study investigates the role of floating high-density polyethylene (HDPE) spheres in reducing reservoir evaporation and mitigating water salinity. Laboratory and field experiments assessed the effects of different coverage levels (0 %-74.98 %) on evaporation rates, sediment resuspension, and water chemistry. The findings indicate that covering 74.98 % of the reservoir surface led to a 28.97 % reduction in salinity (p &lt; 0.05) over one irrigation cycle. Evaporation inhibition varied from 13.56 % to 60.19 %, depending on coverage. However, floating spheres exhibited reduced effectiveness at high wind speeds (&gt;10.7 m/s), highlighting the need for additional containment strategies. Future research should explore long-term durability, ecological impact, and cost-effectiveness of large-scale deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience assessment of interprovincial crop virtual water flow network in China","authors":"Hongrong Huang ,&nbsp;La Zhuo ,&nbsp;Yiping Wu ,&nbsp;Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Ji ,&nbsp;Pute Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crop-related virtual water (VW) flow has reshaped the water resources burdens virtually and caused increasingly vulnerabilities under natural and anthropogenic pressures and shocks. However, the resilience assessment of crop VW networks remains lacking. Here, we first constructed China’s interprovincial VW flow network by simulating crop trade based on minimum-cost linear optimization and calculating VW content using AquaCrop model. We then analyzed network topological properties including connectivity, betweenness centrality, and community structure. Finally, we evaluated network resilience through four dimensions (resistance, absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities) by simulating structural and functional responses under both intentional and random node failure scenarios for three major crops (rice, wheat, and maize). Results show that the total inter-provincial VW and crop trade of increased by 57.8 % and 106.4 %, respectively from 2000 to 2017. Although trade edges increased by 11 %-12 % during the study period, the overall VW network density remained low with maximum of 0.2. The resilience of blue VW networks for rice, wheat, and maize cumulatively decreased by 69.4 %, 81.9 %, and 44.7 %, respectively, under intentional attacks of the top 20 % nodes (six provinces). Notably, the wheat blue VW network was the most vulnerable as key domain provinces facing the water scarcity risk. Our analysis reveals that China’s crop VW flow network are vulnerable to targeted disruptions due to their low connectivity and high dependence on water-scarce producing provinces, highlighting the urgent need for diversifying VW flow patterns and strengthening water resource management in key exporting regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Significant increase and escalation of drought-flood abrupt alteration in China's future","authors":"Shuai Zheng ,&nbsp;Baisha Weng ,&nbsp;Wuxia Bi ,&nbsp;Denghua Yan ,&nbsp;Liliang Ren ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought-flood abrupt alteration (DFAA) events threaten global food security, exacerbated by global warming, particularly in China. Given this, a more refined and comprehensive analysis of DFAA events in China can provide valuable insights for global mitigation efforts. This study examines the frequency, intensity, and coverage of DFAA events during the historical periods (HIS, 1961–2014) and under future climate projections based on Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs: SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585, 2015–2100) using a daily-scale determination method. The results revealed that regions with frequent DFAA events also experience higher intensity and broader impact areas. Compared to HIS, DFAA event frequency, intensity, and coverage increased by 31 %, 3 %, and 37 % under SSPs, reaching 7.31 events/year, 1.069, and 0.422 %. Across both HIS and SSPs, the proportions of light (75 %-78 %), moderate (18 %-21 %), and severe (4 %-5 %) DFAA events remained relatively stable. YGP, HHHP, MLYP, NCP, and NASR are the five hotspot areas. Analysis attributes 45 % (P &lt; 0.05) of DFAA frequency variability to drought and flood frequency (74.45 %) and duration (25.55 %). Furthermore, low to medium emission scenarios show significant potential to reduce DFAA occurrence, offering direction to mitigate the impacts of global warming, particularly as mid-latitude regions have emerged as DFAA hotspots over the past 30 years. These findings provide critical insights for countries addressing climate change and ensuring food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109449"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximizing crop yield and economic benefit through water and nitrogen optimization in bell pepper","authors":"Adewale Suraj Bello ,&nbsp;Samsul Huda ,&nbsp;Zhong-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Mohammed Alsafran ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Abdellatif ,&nbsp;Talaat Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering climate change-induced water scarcity and excessive fertilizer use, boosting agricultural productivity has become a worldwide concern, particularly in Qatar's harsh climate. Adopting well-coordinated strategies is essential to improve yield and crop water productivity (WP_C). Thus, this research was conducted to assess the impact of varying irrigation regimes (50 %: deficit irrigation and 100 %: full irrigation, denoted as DI and FI) and nitrogen (N) levels (50 %, 70 %, and 100 %, denoted as N₁, N₂, and N₃) on the vegetative growth, yield, WP_C, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and economic benefit of bell pepper. Our results revealed significant enhancements in vegetative growth, yield, WP_C, and NUE across different irrigation levels and N treatments. The most favorable vegetative growth was observed at a 50 % irrigation level and 70 % N rate (TR₂). Optimal irrigation at 50 % led to the highest yield of 25.4 t ha⁻¹ with a WP_C of 0.30 kg m³, while a nitrogen dose of 70 % resulted in a peak yield of 25.7 t ha⁻¹ with an NUE of 0.37 t ha⁻¹ kg⁻¹ and with the highest economic benefit of production. Moreover, as irrigation and N application decreased, WP_C and NUE increased. These findings present valuable insights into reducing water consumption in agricultural practices, especially in water-scarce countries and regions like Qatar. This study highlights the potential for water-saving strategies to promote sustainability in agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109447"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of digital inclusive finance on alternate irrigation technology innovation: From the perspective of the 'catfish effect' in financial markets","authors":"Shilong Meng ,&nbsp;Yanjun Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Song ,&nbsp;Hongwu Sun ,&nbsp;Yanfei Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alternating irrigation technology innovation (AITI) is a crucial means of improving agricultural water use efficiency, which is significant for sustainable agricultural development and food security. However, AITI faces severe financing constraints, leading to insufficient funding. Therefore, this study aims to explore how to alleviate the financing constraints on its technological research and development (R&amp;D) and promote innovation in alternating irrigation technology (AIT). From the \"catfish effect\" perspective in financial markets, this study uses data from 286 prefecture-level cities in China between 2011 and 2022. It applies a two-way fixed effects model and a threshold effect model to empirically test the mechanism of digital inclusive finance (DIF) in promoting AITI. The results show that DIF significantly boosts AITI. Mechanism testing reveals that this effect is driven by the \"catfish effect\" in financial markets. This effect not only increases the credit availability for innovation entities but also reduces financing costs, thereby fostering technological innovation in alternating irrigation. However, the heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect varies due to differences in the funding sources for R&amp;D. The impact is more significant for enterprise-type innovators, while it is not significant for individual and research institution innovators. Finally, the threshold model test suggests that the influence of DIF exhibits a marginally increasing nonlinear characteristic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109423"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of unplanned water use based on system dynamics model in arid areas","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Minghong Tan ,&nbsp;Xingyuan Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rational utilization of water resources is crucial for the sustainable development of arid areas. However, the swift increase in agricultural water use has resulted in ecological challenges, potentially escalating into environmental crises in arid areas. Considering the sustainable utilization of water resources, a significant portion of agricultural water use is provided by the government through systematic planning, which is called planned water use. By contrast, unplanned water use is the unauthorized extraction of groundwater, river water, or lake water. Although unplanned water use may be a major contributor to ecological problems, estimating unplanned water use has been a challenge due to the lack of comprehensive data on unplanned water use in the relevant sectors. This study evaluated unplanned water use in the northern slope of the Tian Mountains in Xinjiang, considering the overall water use situation of various industries based on system dynamics. The results showed that unplanned water use has increased rapidly, mainly due to rapid expansion of cropland and limited growth in planned water use. The proportion of unplanned water use of all water use reached a maximum proportion of 35.2 % in 2020. This phenomenon should be attracted attention from various sectors of society. Finally, the study proposed recommendations for future improvements and deeper research, aiming to provide insights for water resources management and unplanned water use governance in arid areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfiguring agricultural water management practices: Lessons from research on scaling of controlled drainage and subirrigation systems","authors":"Onno Giller,&nbsp;Huub Ploegmakers,&nbsp;Sander Meijerink","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As climate change is impacting society in a more rapid and visible way, there is a higher pressure to implement mitigation and adaptation strategies, which in the case of agriculture is packaged as climate smart agricultural (CSA) practices. To facilitate this implementation, there is a need to understand how CSA practices can be brought to scale. In this article we propose a practice-based approach to research scaling that can help unpack the complexity of change, by focussing on everyday practices. We applied this approach by researching the scaling up of controlled drainage with subirrigation (CD-SI), which is an alternative water management practice being trialled out in the high-lying sandy soils of the Netherlands. The research uses a combination of interviews, participant observation and a limited literature review as the methodology. In analysing the network of practices, with CD-SI systems as the key material aspect of the novel water management practice, the mechanisms that underpin the possible scaling of CD-SI have been identified. The CD-SI system integrated quite easily into the everyday practices of farmers, yet questions about water access and use remain crucial to the scalability of CD-SI systems. The CD-SI systems were investigated as they were thought to be more sustainable in water use, yet this research concludes that there is limited reconfiguration of everyday water management practices with the introduction of this new material element. Discussed in brief, we conclude that the practice-based approach has proven to be a useful addition to the various approaches to scaling research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109451"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing variation, components, and driving factors of the water footprint for tobacco production in China","authors":"Jinsong Ti ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Yikuan Fan ,&nbsp;Yi Chen ,&nbsp;Haobin Zhao ,&nbsp;Renfeng Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Xu ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Dong ,&nbsp;Fan He ,&nbsp;Shuo Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective management of water resources is critical for ensuring agricultural sustainability and addressing global water scarcity exacerbated by agricultural intensification and climatic variability. The water footprint (WF) offers a robust tool to assess agricultural water use, yet its application to China’s tobacco industry remains underexplored. This study examines the spatial and temporal dynamics of the WF in China’s tobacco production from 2004 to 2020, identifying key drivers to reveal its impact on water resources. Results indicate a national decline in tobacco WF, primarily driven by yield increases, though regional variations are pronounced. Northern China (NC) recorded a total WF (TWF) of 3.7 G (1 G = 10⁸ m³), dominated by blue WF (47.0 %), while Southwestern China (SWC) topped at 47.6 G, led by green WF (60.8 %). The Lower Yellow/Huai River (YHR), mid-basin Yangtze River (MYR), and Southeastern China (SEC) registered TWFs of 12.5 G, 13.0 G, and 7.8 G, respectively, with green WF prevailing in MYR (54.3 %) and SEC (66.4 %). Spatial clustering analysis highlights MYR’s high WF and low yield, signaling inefficiency, contrasting with NC’s low WF and high yield, marking it as the most water-efficient region. These insights inform strategies to optimize water management, boost efficiency, and promote sustainable tobacco production in China, addressing regional disparities and resource pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109459"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}