Agricultural Water Management最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of electricity use and carbon emissions for agricultural water supply in South Korea: Focusing on Water for Food (W-F) nexus system","authors":"Pu Reun Yoon ,&nbsp;Jin-Yong Choi ,&nbsp;Sang-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural water accounts for 63 % of the total water usage, and water is essential for food production. The supply and use of agricultural water for food production corresponds to “water for food (W-F)” nexus, and irrigation facilities such as reservoirs, pumping stations and groundwater wells are utilized to supply agricultural water, directly related to the electricity use. Electricity usage causes indirect carbon emissions; thus, to reduce carbon emissions in agriculture, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the direct and indirect carbon reduction effect. This study aimed to evaluate the electricity use and carbon emissions for agricultural water supply, focusing on the W-F nexus system for food production in water-energy-food nexus. Furthermore, the direct and indirect carbon emissions of paddy water management as a measure of reducing carbon emissions were comprehensively evaluated. The total electricity use for agricultural water supply by all sectors showed an increasing trend with large increase in electricity use for pumping stations and gradual increase in the proportion for upland irrigation. The total indirect carbon emissions were founded to gradually increases, with the proportion of carbon emissions from rice cultivation from 3.3 % to 7.1 %. When applying paddy water management, the total carbon reduction effect was estimated to be 24.76 % and 61.27 % for midseason drainage and shallow flooding. This study quantified water-energy-carbon linkage for food production system with the perspective of W-F nexus. Additionally, as the proportion of electricity use expected to increase, this study suggested that energy efficiency of agricultural water supply become more important issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109446"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of best management practices for controlling water pollution in an arid irrigation district","authors":"Tingting Wei ,&nbsp;Yanan Jiang ,&nbsp;Xun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanan Chen ,&nbsp;Qihao Ma ,&nbsp;Jianzhe Hou ,&nbsp;Yakun Wang ,&nbsp;Bingwei Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In agricultural regions, especially in arid and semi-arid irrigation districts with shallow groundwater, contamination of aquifers with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from fertilization and irrigation has been a growing concern, leading to downstream surface water quality degradation. This work simulates the reactive transport and interaction of NO₃, NH₄ and soluble P in the soil-aquifer flow system by SWAT-MODFLOW-RT3D model and investigates the effectiveness of different Best Management Practices (BMPs) in reducing N and P pollution load, including nutrient management, residue cover, vegetation filter strip, and grassed waterways. The results show that the pollution load hotspots are distributed in the drainage ditch with groundwater depth less than 2 m, accounting for 25 % of the total area of the study area but contributing more than 50 % of the pollutant output. Among BMPs, the 30 % reduction in fertilizer (FR 30 %) led to limited pollution reduction, while implementing grass waterways resulted in the most significant improvements, with reductions of up to 31.5 % for total phosphorus (TP) and 19.6 % for total nitrogen (TN). The most effective strategy which combines 30 % fertilizer reduction, vegetation filter strip and grassed waterways can achieve reductions of 44.3 % for TP and 46.2 % for TN. These results emphasize the potential of tailored BMP strategies to mitigate nutrient pollution in groundwater- dominated watersheds, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural management and water quality protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109462"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of land use/cover change on propagation dynamics from meteorological to soil moisture drought considering nonstationarity","authors":"Meng Dai ,&nbsp;Ping Feng ,&nbsp;Jianzhu Li ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Shi ,&nbsp;Hanye Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precipitation deficit will directly affect soil water, and soil water deficit will directly influence crop growth and exert a definite influence on the hydrological cycle. At present, drought propagation is based mainly on the hypothesis of serial stationarity to analyze the propagation from meteorological drought (MD) to soil moisture drought (SMD), but with global climate change, the hypothesis of stationarity has been overturned. Research on drought propagation under nonstationarity is lacking. To this end, it is exceedingly meaningful to explore the propagation from MD to SMD under nonstationary conditions. Taking three regions of Luanhe River Basin (LRB) as the subject of study, the generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) model was utilized to construct a nonstationary drought index. The drought propagation time (PT_m) and propagation threshold (PT_r) were calculated via conditional probability, and the dynamic change in drought propagation was analyzed via a moving window. Finally, the optimal parameters of the model were established on the basis of land use data from 1980 via the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model, and the land use data from 2000 and 2018 were replaced to investigate the comprehensive effects of land use/cover change (LUCC) and climate on drought propagation. The findings indicated that (1) the precipitation and soil moisture series were nonstationary during the growing season from 1962 to 2018; (2) the shortest static PT_m was observed for Chengde in spring and autumn and Hanjiaying in summer, and the drought propagation process in Hanjiaying was accelerating during the whole growing season; (3) under the two drought scenarios (moderate and severe), the largest static PT_r of drought occurred in the spring of Sandaohezi and the summer and autumn of Hanjiaying, and the MD of Sandaohezi was more likely to trigger SMD in autumn; and (4) the LUCC had little influence on the drought PT_m and PT_r in the basin by changing the land use data of different periods (2000 and 2018) based on the SWAT model with fixed parameters. These findings have important implications for early warning of agricultural drought and water resource management in watersheds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109452"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing root-zone soil moisture estimation using Richards' equation and dynamic surface soil moisture data","authors":"Xizhuoma Zha ,&nbsp;Wenbin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Han ,&nbsp;Aifeng Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root-zone soil moisture (RZSM) is a critical variable for accurately modeling hydrological and ecological processes, but its monitoring is challenging due to the spatial and temporal variability at watershed scales. Richards' equation is a fundamental physical equation that accurately captures the dynamics of soil moisture transport in the root zone. However, due to its high sensitivity to input parameters, its application in large-scale spatial domains remains a significant challenge, particularly in regions with sparse meteorological data. This study addresses these challenges by proposing an innovative approach to estimating root-zone soil moisture by integrating dynamic surface soil moisture data into Richards' equation (SSMRE model). This approach encapsulates soil-atmosphere interactions using near-surface soil moisture, simplifying the computational framework and expanding the applicability of Richards' equation to broader spatial scales. Using the Lightning River Basin as a case study, simulations of different vegetation types and boundary conditions indicate that the correlation coefficient (<em>R</em>) for root zone soil moisture(50 cm) is generally greater than 0.7,SSMRE can accurately simulate root zone soil moisture under various lower boundary conditions and vegetation types. The HYDRUS-1D model, which is widely applied, typically uses atmospheric boundary conditions to simulate soil water movement under atmospheric influence. Comparative analysis of the HYDRUS-1D and SSMRE models against site-measured data reveals that for HYDRUS-1D, the correlation coefficients (<em>R</em>) across 5 cm,10 cm,20 cm,50 cm are 0.654, 0.621, 0.549 and 0.48, with root mean square errors (<em>RMSE</em>) of 0.03, 0.03, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively. The SSMRE model exhibits <em>R</em> values of 0.9, 0.85, 0.74, and 0.72, with <em>RMSE</em> values of 0.04, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.05. Demonstrating that our method provides improved accuracy in root-zone soil moisture simulations. The application of the Shuffled Complex Evolution-University of Arizona (SCE-UA) algorithm significantly enhances the model's accuracy. This research establishes a theoretical foundation for estimating multi-layer soil moisture over large spatial scales by integrating satellite-derived near-surface soil moisture data with Richards' equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109460"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing water balance simulations in SWAT for paddy-dominated catchments through refined soil moisture dynamics","authors":"Meng Xiang ,&nbsp;Di Wu ,&nbsp;Qianan Yu ,&nbsp;Haitao Wu ,&nbsp;Tianchi Cai ,&nbsp;Yuanlai Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural water management, especially irrigation regimes such as Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) in rice cultivation, holds significant implications for regional water balances. However, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, widely used for agricultural water management, has notable limitations in accurately simulating AWD irrigation practices due to improper description of soil moisture dynamics. In this study, a soil moisture module that dynamically simulates surface ponding and soil water redistribution is introduced to SWAT to address the limitation. The calculation of evapotranspiration (ET) and percolation under unsaturated conditions is improved. A controlling irrigation scheme based on soil moisture content and field water depth is introduced to manage the irrigation and drainage operations. Subsequently, the improved SWAT-Paddy Water (SWAT-PW) model is evaluated in the Yangshudang (YSD) basin, where 55.70 % of the area is rice and AWD irrigation is widely promoted, in the Zhanghe Irrigation District, China. The improvements in the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE) and relative error coefficient(RE) demonstrate that SWAT-PW shows promise for improving predictions of water balance components and runoff compared with the original SWAT model and existing SWAT-MD model, which are critical for optimizing irrigation scheduling and reducing water waste in paddy fields. Scenario analysis (1999–2019) demonstrated the recommended AWD3, using alternate wetting and drying irrigation with optimized maximum ponding depth, could reduce total irrigation volumes by 16.92 % compared to local continuous flooding (CF1), providing evidence-based support for adopting AWD in water-scarce areas. While the results are demonstrated in the YSD basin, SWAT-PW’s modular design enables its application to global paddy-dominated catchments with similar irrigation practices, provided local soil, crop, and climate data are available. While the accuracy of ET depends on region-specific crop coefficients, future integration with remote sensing data could enhance its scalability. Therefore, through the soil moisture dynamics module, this study advances hydrological modeling for water-saving irrigation, offering policymakers a tool to balance agricultural productivity and water sustainability in rice systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of irrigation water demands in China","authors":"Suning Fan ,&nbsp;Tongbing Liu ,&nbsp;Minzhong Zou ,&nbsp;Yu Fang ,&nbsp;Jun Niu ,&nbsp;Shaozhong Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>China faces significant challenges due to escalating irrigation water demands and constrained water resources. However, comprehensive national-level analyses of irrigation water demands integrating multiple crops, spatial scales, and driving factors remain scarce. This study addresses this gap by examining the spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of irrigation water demand in China from 2000 to 2018, leveraging the Spatial Production Allocation Model (SPAM) dataset and applying the Penman-Monteith model and a multi-regional Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition approach. During the study period, the Net irrigation water demand (<em>NW</em>) peaked at 250.68 G m³ in 2013, with significant declines in the South and East but increases in the water-scarce North and Northwest. Rice dominated national <em>NW</em>, contributing 46–52 % of the total, while regional expansion in rice and cotton cultivation drove significant <em>NW</em> growth in the Northeast and Northwest. The Gross irrigation water demand (<em>GW</em>) exhibited a national decrease of 76.65 G m³, and the impacts of four driving factors -water saving technology, planting scale, planting patterns, and climate change - varied over time and across regions. Water-saving technology emerged as the most significant factor in reducing <em>GW</em>, offsetting 90.92 G m³ nationally. However, the expansion of irrigated farmland added 47.96 G m³, particularly in arid regions. Climate change exhibited regionally diverse impacts (-10.35–4.17 G m³), underscoring the need for targeted water management interventions. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing crop patterns, advancing irrigation technologies, and formulating region-specific policies to enhance agricultural water management and ensure food security in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109450"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of delayed nitrogen fertilizer drip timing on soil total salt, cotton yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency","authors":"Junxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangwen Xie,&nbsp;Changxue Wu,&nbsp;Fan Cai,&nbsp;Yongmei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization in arid regions severely limits cotton growth by restricting nitrogen availability. Optimizing nitrogen application timing in conjunction with effective salt leaching is a potential strategy to enhance nitrogen uptake and improve yield. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of nitrogen drip timing on soil salt leaching, available nitrogen distribution in the soil profile, and cotton yield. We conducted an indoor ¹⁵N labeled fertilizer leaching experiment and a two-year field experiment to adjust the nitrogen dripping time while applying the same amount of pure nitrogen. Specifically, “t” was defined as the total duration of one irrigation cycle, and the starting points for nitrogen application were as follows: T1, 1 h; T2, 1 h + 1/3 t h; T3, 1 h + 2/3 t h; CK, 1/3 t h and CK0 (no fertilization treatment). The results of indoor experiments revealed that the ¹⁵N abundance of the T3 treatment was the highest in the 0–20 cm soil layer, which was 57.50 % and 46.51 % higher than that of the T1 and T2 treatments. The results of field experiment show that T3 treatment significantly reduced the total soil salt, which was 25.49 % lower than that of T1 treatment at the bud stage. At the bud stages, the NO₃^- content of T3 treatment was 1.82 times higher than that of T1 treatment. In the boll opening stage, T3 treatment achieved the highest ammonium nitrogen content, which was 23.43 % higher than that of T1 treatment. At the flowering-boll stage, the nitrogen accumulation of T3 treatment was 30.17 % higher than that of CK treatment. The cotton yield was 11.63 % higher of T3 treatment compared to CK treatment. From the perspective of soil salinity, nitrogen distribution, nitrogen accumulation, and cotton yield, T3 treatment effectively removed salt and increased cotton yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109458"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding hydrometeorological conditions and their relationship with crop production in the upper east region, Ghana","authors":"C.I. Kelly ,&nbsp;E.F. Boateng ,&nbsp;A. Zibrila ,&nbsp;S.A. Andam-Akorful ,&nbsp;J.A. Quaye-Ballard ,&nbsp;P.B. Laari ,&nbsp;P. Damoah-Afari","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes long-term patterns in precipitation, (P), evapotranspiration (ET), and meteorological and agricultural drought indices in the Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana from 1981 to 2017. The study further investigates the relationship between these hydrometeorological variables and yields of groundnut, maize, millet, rice, and sorghum from 1993 to 2017. Results indicate statistically non-significant trends in P and ET over the study period, corresponding with fairly consistent crop yields. However, both linear and non-linear relationships between crop yield and hydrometeorological conditions were observed, with extreme soil moisture (SM) and P levels negatively impacting yields, likely due to waterlogging exceeding optimal thresholds for crops, or drought stress. Regression analyses show moderate R-squared values (0.1 to 0.5), suggesting that while hydrometeorological variables are key drivers, other factors, such as farming practices and socio-economic conditions, also influence yield variability. These findings underscore the need for water management strategies to optimize soil moisture and mitigate the impact of both droughts and extreme waterlogging on crop production. The study recommends adopting modern agricultural technologies, such as precision irrigation and drought-resistant crop varieties, to enhance crop yields and ensure sustainable farming in the UER.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the impact of floating spheres on evaporation reduction and water salinity control in reservoirs","authors":"Guo-chen Hao ,&nbsp;Ke-Bin Shi ,&nbsp;Ke-wu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The construction of simple reservoirs in arid regions helps meet the water demands for agricultural irrigation, industry, and domestic use, while also alleviating local water shortages and related issues. However, environmental concerns associated with reservoir development are becoming more evident. For instance, the stored water is gradually becoming saline. Studies suggest that reducing water evaporation over extended periods can effectively lower the salt concentration in the water. Currently, there is limited research on salt migration in reservoir water when covered with anti-evaporation materials. Given the potential impact of these materials on the water environment and hydrodynamic conditions, this study seeks to examine the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of reservoir mineralization under such covering. To this end, laboratory and field experiments were conducted to analyze the impact of covering the water surface with floating high-density polyethylene spheres to reduce evaporation and its effect on water salinity. These experiments included monitoring water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, sediment resuspension, and water conductivity, as well as calculating the contribution of sediment release and evapotranspiration to the increase in salinity concentration within the water column. This study investigates the role of floating high-density polyethylene (HDPE) spheres in reducing reservoir evaporation and mitigating water salinity. Laboratory and field experiments assessed the effects of different coverage levels (0 %-74.98 %) on evaporation rates, sediment resuspension, and water chemistry. The findings indicate that covering 74.98 % of the reservoir surface led to a 28.97 % reduction in salinity (p &lt; 0.05) over one irrigation cycle. Evaporation inhibition varied from 13.56 % to 60.19 %, depending on coverage. However, floating spheres exhibited reduced effectiveness at high wind speeds (&gt;10.7 m/s), highlighting the need for additional containment strategies. Future research should explore long-term durability, ecological impact, and cost-effectiveness of large-scale deployment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience assessment of interprovincial crop virtual water flow network in China","authors":"Hongrong Huang ,&nbsp;La Zhuo ,&nbsp;Yiping Wu ,&nbsp;Yilin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Ji ,&nbsp;Pute Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crop-related virtual water (VW) flow has reshaped the water resources burdens virtually and caused increasingly vulnerabilities under natural and anthropogenic pressures and shocks. However, the resilience assessment of crop VW networks remains lacking. Here, we first constructed China’s interprovincial VW flow network by simulating crop trade based on minimum-cost linear optimization and calculating VW content using AquaCrop model. We then analyzed network topological properties including connectivity, betweenness centrality, and community structure. Finally, we evaluated network resilience through four dimensions (resistance, absorptive, adaptive, and transformative capacities) by simulating structural and functional responses under both intentional and random node failure scenarios for three major crops (rice, wheat, and maize). Results show that the total inter-provincial VW and crop trade of increased by 57.8 % and 106.4 %, respectively from 2000 to 2017. Although trade edges increased by 11 %-12 % during the study period, the overall VW network density remained low with maximum of 0.2. The resilience of blue VW networks for rice, wheat, and maize cumulatively decreased by 69.4 %, 81.9 %, and 44.7 %, respectively, under intentional attacks of the top 20 % nodes (six provinces). Notably, the wheat blue VW network was the most vulnerable as key domain provinces facing the water scarcity risk. Our analysis reveals that China’s crop VW flow network are vulnerable to targeted disruptions due to their low connectivity and high dependence on water-scarce producing provinces, highlighting the urgent need for diversifying VW flow patterns and strengthening water resource management in key exporting regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7634,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Water Management","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 109456"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}