African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences--A New Beginning.","authors":"A Ogunniyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33889413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin E and melatonin on serum testosterone level in sleep deprived Wistar rats.","authors":"O O Akindele,&nbsp;O T Kunle-Alabi,&nbsp;D H Adeyemi,&nbsp;B O Oghenetega,&nbsp;Y Raji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep deprivation affects a significant proportion of the global population. It has been reported to induce oxidative stress in the testes and reduce serum testosterone levels. Exogenous anti-oxidants have been known to prevent damages and diseases associated with oxidative stress but there is dearth of knowledge on their effectiveness during sleep deprivation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was designed to investigate the effects of two anti-oxidants; melatonin and vitamin E on serum testosterone concentration in sleep deprived male Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were used for this study. Animals were divided into six (6) groups (n = 5). Group 1 was the control, group 2 rats were sleep deprived, group 3 received vitamin E (200 mg/ kg bwt) only, group 4 rats received vitamin E and were sleep deprived, group 5 received melatonin only (10 mg/kg bwt), and group 6 rats received melatonin (10 mg/kg bwt) and were sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation was induced using the modified multiple platform technique. Body weights were taken on days 7, 14 and 21. Blood was collected at sacrifice and serum was obtained for analyses of testosterone, corticosterone and melatonin. Testicular malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were determined by the methods of Adam-Vizi and Seregi (1982), Misra and Fridovich (1972), and Sinha, (1972) respectively. Data obtained were analyzed using one way ANOVA and p < 0.05 was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum testosterone (nmol/l) of the sleep deprived animals (0.6 ± 0.3) reduced significantly (p < 0.05) compared with control group (3.3 ± 0.04), sleep deprived+vitamin E group (2.8 ± 0.5) and sleep deprived+melatonin group (2.0 ± 0.3). Also, melatonin+sleep deprived group had reduced testosterone compared with control. There were no significant changes in the serum corticosterone (nmol/l) and melatonin levels in all the groups compared with the sleep deprived group. However, corticosterone was increased in the sleep deprived+Vitamin E group (51.6 ± 20.5) compared with control (6.3 ± 0.6) Sleep deprived group had increased testicular malondialdehyde (MDA) (1.6 ± 0.1 unit/mg), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (3.2 ± 0.2 unit/mg), and catalasel evels (44.3 ± 1.1 unit/ mg) compared with control (0.9 ± 0.0 μmg). MDA, and catalase were significantly reduced in sleep deprived+vitamin E (1.1 ± 0.2, 2.4 ± 0.3, 39 ± 1.0 unit/ mg) compared with sleep deprived while melatonin alone had increased MDA. level (1.7 ± 0.2unit/mg) compared with control. SOD in the sleep deprived+melatonin group (2.7 ± 0.2 μ/mg) as compared with control increased (p < 0.05) while MDA and catalase levels as compared with control and sleep deprived groups showed no difference. Histological findings showed that the pathology in the testes of sleep deprived rats was ameliorated by vitamin E.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vitamin E had a more po","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"295-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33889415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attitudes towards abortion law reforms in Nigeria and factors influencing its social acceptance among female undergraduates in a Nigerian university.","authors":"C O Aimakhu,&nbsp;O J Adepoju,&nbsp;H I D Nwinee,&nbsp;O Oghide,&nbsp;A A Shittu,&nbsp;O A Oladunjoye","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unsafe abortion is one of the causes of maternal morbidity and mortality globally and it is still a burden in Nigeria. Restriction laws have been blamed for the recurrent vulnerability of women including female adolescents to unsafe abortions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was administered to 407 first year female undergraduates in the three female halls of residence of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria in February 2012 to determine their attitudes to abortion laws and the social acceptance of abortion laws in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A vast majority (96.1%) knew what an abortion was and barely half were aware of the grounds in which it may be legal. Only 84 (20.6%) of the respondents knew that there were 2 abortion laws in operation in Nigeria. One hundred and thirteen (27.8%) wanted the current abortion law to be reformed and thirteen (3.2%) admitted that they had had an abortion in the past. More than half of them, 212 (52.1%) would support an abortion if pregnancy followed rape/ incest and 201(49.4%) if there was fetal abnormality. Religious reasons influenced the social opinions on abortion laws in most of the students (73%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed some awareness towards abortion law reforms and we advocate that sexually active young individuals should be encouraged to adopt effective dual protection against unwanted pregnancy and STIs. Efforts should also be made at imparting reproductive health education to youths, especially girls.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"327-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tobacco smoking and medical co-morbidities among patients with schizophrenia in a Nigerian clinical setting.","authors":"V O Lasebikan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Smoking is highly prevalent in patients living with schizophrenia and is associated with medical and psychiatric morbidities</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this descriptive, consecutive patients with schizophrenia (368) were interviewed at State Hospital Ibadan between January and December 2008. Information on demography and tobacco smoking, medication adherence and self reports of chronic common health conditions were obtained. The PANSS was used to determine level of psychopathology. Univariate associations were determined using Chi square statistics and multivariate analysis was used for further exploration of variables that were significant during univariate analysis. All analyses were performed using the SPSS (17.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of lifetime tobacco use was 198 (53.8%), current use 122 (33.1%). Current use was highest in respondents less than 25 years of age X2 = 11.8, p = 0.003 and reduced with increasing education, X2 = 21.6, p = 0.00, higher in non medication adherent patients, X2 = 19.9, p = 0.00 and was associated with health conditions such as haemopoetic diseases X2 = 6.8, p = 0.01 and respiratory diseases. Mean score of positive, negative, general psychopathology, total psychopathology subscales of PANSS were respectively significantly higher among current user, compared with abstainers, t = 6.7, p = 0.00, t = 5.1, p = 0.00, t 6.2, p.= 0.00, t 6.7, p = 0.00. Only general psychopathology subscale of PANSS, OR = 3.5, 95% CI (1.2-6.5), p = 0.02 remained associated with current tobacco use after adjusting for gender.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrates high rate of tobacco use in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, such patients require additional screening for tobacco and tobacco cessation program.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"315-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy related changes in human salivary secretion and composition in a Nigerian population.","authors":"T J Lasisi,&nbsp;P N Ugwuadu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A variety of physiological changes occurring during pregnancy has been shown to affect the oral health. Saliva is critical for preserving and maintaining the health of oral tissues and has been used as a source of non-invasive investigation of different conditions in human and animal studies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study was designed to evaluate changes in secretion and composition of saliva in pregnant women in a Nigerian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study using purposive sampling technique. Saliva samples were collected from 50 pregnant and age matched 50 non-pregnant women. Salivary flow rate, pH, total protein and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonate were determined and compared using paired independent sample t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salivary pH,mean concentrations of potassium and bicarbonate were significantly reduced while mean concentrations of salivary sodium and phosphate were significantly elevated in pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the salivary flow rate, concentrations of total protein and calcium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Salivary pH, bicarbonate and potassium concentrations were reduced while sodium and phosphate concentrations were elevated in pregnant women. These findings suggest that pregnant women may be predisposed to higher caries incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"347-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retained surgical needle post myomectomy, an uncommon mishap.","authors":"G O Obajimi,&nbsp;B C Oranye","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retained foreign bodies are relatively uncommon and probably underreported in the tropics. Largely preventable errors, they cause harm to both the patient and the medical practitioner. CASE PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT: A 32 year old primigravida with recurrent lower abdominal pain in pregnancy. She had myomectomy a year earlier at a private hospital in which the endometrium was inadvertently breached. She subsequently had an elective caesarean section at 38 weeks and 2 days gestational age. Intra-operative findings were adhesive bands between the uterus and loops of bowel and a round bodied surgical needle attached by adhesions anteriorly to the lower segment. Her post operative care was uneventful and she was discharged home on the 3rd day post operation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retained surgical foreign body (RSFB) could pose a diagnostic dilemma as in the case of this patient with recurrent lower abdominal pain in pregnancy. Meticulous instrument count should include sutures and needles.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"365-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical ectopic pregnancy managed with methotrexate and tranexamic acid: A case report.","authors":"A O Arowojolu,&nbsp;O O Ogunbode","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical pregnancy is a rare life-threatening form of ectopic pregnancy and when it occurs, it is challenging to decide the management options. Surgical intervention has been documented to be complicated by intractable haemorrhage and most often necessitating hysterectomy. We hereby report a case of cervical pregnancy managed conservatively with medical agents prior to surgical intervention. CASE PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT: A 29 year old primiparous woman with gestational diabetes mellitus who presented at 10 weeks gestation with 5 days history of brownish vaginal discharge and 2 days history of painless vaginal bleeding. On pelvic examination the cervix was disproportionately larger than the uterus with a closed internal os. Transvaginal and abdominal ultrasound scanning confirmed a live cervical pregnancy. She had intramuscular methotrexate and tranexamic acid followed by suction evacuation combined with balloon tamponade. Examination at 6 weeks post procedure revealed a normal cervix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cervical pregnancy still occurs in this environment despite its rarity. Surgical intervention usually results in hysterectomy and adopting medical management as a first line treatment option offers the benefit of uterine preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"361-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor Effiong Essien Udo Akang, MBBS, FMCPath, FWACP.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma D-dimer reference ranges in pregnant Nigerians.","authors":"V O Osunkalu,&nbsp;F A Adeoye,&nbsp;O J Akinsola,&nbsp;C C Makwe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of D-dimer as a screening test for thromboembolic disorders has not been validated in pregnancy thus necessitating further studies. This cross sectional study was carried out among Pregnant Nigerians at the Nigerian Air Force Hospital Antenatal Clinic, Ikeja, Lagos.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was to determine local reference ranges for plasma D-dimer in both pregnant and non-pregnant females and compare differences in both populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Structured questionnaires were administered on a total of 365 participants which included 71 apparently healthy non-pregnant females, 64 women in the first trimester of pregnancy (≤13 weeks gestation); 65 women at the second trimester of pregnancy (14-26 weeks), and 82 pregnant females at the third trimester of pregnancy (> = 27 weeks). Citrated blood was collected for estimation of prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and D-dimer estimation by ELISA method. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase enzymes (ALT) were estimated using the Hitachi chemistry analyzer. Reference ranges were estimated non-parametrically using the Reference Value Advisor V 2.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median D-dimer level for non-pregnant females was 190 ng/mL, while the median D-dimer levels for pregnant female in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester were 485 ng/ml; 620 ng/mL; and 1185 ng/mL respectively.Reference ranges were calculated to be 86-494 ng/mL; 338-624 ng/mL; 451-799 ng/mL and 665-1262 ng/mL for non-pregnant females, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimester of pregnancy respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A diagnostic algorithm for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnant women which combines clinical suspicion with elevated plasma D-dimers levels above estimated reference range for each trimester should precede definitive formal imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"273-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional anaesthetic technique for laparoscopic appendicectomy in Ibadan.","authors":"R P Olonisakin,&nbsp;P T Sotunmbi,&nbsp;O O Afuwape,&nbsp;O O Ayandipo,&nbsp;T A Adigun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Laparoscopy is now readily being deployed for abdominal surgeries in our centre, thanks to the surgeons' interest and the desire to follow best practice as obtained in other climes. General anaesthesia (GA) with intermittent positive pressure ventilation is usually the preferred mode of anaesthesia for this procedure. There are reports of laparoscopic surgery of abdomen performed under spinal and or epidural anaesthetic techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With Intra-Abdominal Pressure (IAP) from CO2 insufflations limited to 10-12 mmHg, Laparoscopic Appendicectomy (LA) was performed under Combined Spinal Epidural (CSE) for ten consenting ASA 1 and II patients with mean age 23.6 years and BMI of 24.9 kg/m2 in University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria. Intra-operative events and ease of operation were studied; systemic drugs were administered if patients complained of pain and discomfort, and G.A if regional techniques and sedation failed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight(8) patients had the procedure completed under spinal anaesthesia supplemented with sedation, two (2) patients whose block went as high as T4 had no need of sedation. There were operative difficulties in four patients out of which 2 had sedations and the surgeons could continue operating. We converted to GA in two (2) patients when regional techniques and sedation failed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We concluded that with proper selection of patients and limiting IAP to 10-12 mmHg, LA can be safely performed with spinal anaesthesia with some supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"219-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}