African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Preliminary study of the baseline characteristics of patients, etiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia and mortality in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"O M Ige,&nbsp;A O Okesola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies relating the baseline characteristics of patients with community-acquired pneumonia and the bacterial etiological agents to the mortality of the disease are scanty in our environment. This study therefore aimed at determining the contribution of the baseline characteristics of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, the bacterial etiological agents to the mortality in our environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of patients with community-acquired pneumonia were retrieved and the effects of these on mortality were studied retrospectively. These data included age, gender, occupations, marital status, smoking, severity assessment using CURB 65 score, alcohol use, sources of referral, and bacterial etiological agents. These were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS version 15.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age groups with the highest mortality frequencies were those below 30 years (41.1%) and above 60 years (29.4%). Marital status, gender of patients, use of alcohol and smoking did not seem to affect the mortality rates. Eight patients had concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and four died (50.0%) while 12 patients had bronchial asthma, none of whom died. Patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections had the highest mortality rates (5.9% and 17.6%) in cases of single and multiple pathogens respectively. None of the patients had severity score documented on admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This is a preliminary study and further studies are necessary to determine the relationship of smoking, alcohol and etiological agents to mortality in community-acquired pneumonia using a larger population as study size.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"265-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of nurses' knowledge on evidence-based preventive practices for pressure ulcer risk reduction in patients with impaired mobility.","authors":"M I Akese,&nbsp;P O Adejumo,&nbsp;R E Ilesanmi,&nbsp;H N Obilor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increase in the prevalence of pressure ulcer among patients with impaired physical mobility has currently been associated with nurses' inadequate knowledge of preventive interventions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess nurses' knowledge of pressure ulcer identification/staging, risk factors and evidence-based preventive practices.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This descriptive study was carried out at the University Teaching Hospital Maiduguri (UMTH), Borno State, Nigeria. Total sampling technique was utilized in the recruitment of the study participants. An adapted 75-item-pressure ulcer questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The hypotheses on nurses' knowledge were tested at 0.05 level of significance using Chi square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 219 nurses participated in this study with response rate of 68.0%. The nurses' years of professional practice ranged from 1 to 35 years with a mean of 11.7 (± 7.8) years. Approximately, 73% of the nurses demonstrated a low level of knowledge of pressure ulcer identification/staging, 69.4% demonstrated an average level of knowledge of risk factors and 79.9% demonstrated high level of knowledge of preventive practices. The relationship between nurses' knowledge of risk factors and knowledge of preventive practices (p = 0.37) was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nurses demonstrated a knowledge deficit in core areas on pressure ulcer identification/staging, risk factors' assessment and evidence-based preventive practices. In order to address this dearth, there is a need to institute an educational-based practice-guideline on pressure ulcer prevention for nurses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"251-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An appraisal of convergence failures in the application of logistic regression model in published manuscripts.","authors":"O B Yusuf,&nbsp;E A Bamgboye,&nbsp;R F Afolabi,&nbsp;M A Shodimu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Logistic regression model is widely used in health research for description and predictive purposes. Unfortunately, most researchers are sometimes not aware that the underlying principles of the techniques have failed when the algorithm for maximum likelihood does not converge. Young researchers particularly postgraduate students may not know why separation problem whether quasi or complete occurs, how to identify it and how to fix it.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was designed to critically evaluate convergence issues in articles that employed logistic regression analysis published in an African Journal of Medicine and medical sciences between 2004 and 2013.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Problems of quasi or complete separation were described and were illustrated with the National Demographic and Health Survey dataset. A critical evaluation of articles that employed logistic regression was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 581 articles was reviewed, of which 40 (6.9%) used binary logistic regression. Twenty-four (60.0%) stated the use of logistic regression model in the methodology while none of the articles assessed model fit. Only 3 (12.5%) properly described the procedures. Of the 40 that used the logistic regression model, the problem of convergence occurred in 6 (15.0%) of the articles.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Logistic regression tends to be poorly reported in studies published between 2004 and 2013. Our findings showed that the procedure may not be well understood by researchers since very few described the process in their reports and may be totally unaware of the problem of convergence or how to deal with it.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"195-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BODY WEIGHT CHANGES IN WOMEN USING IMPLANON IN JOS, NIGERIA.","authors":"V C Pam,&nbsp;J Musa,&nbsp;J T Mutihir,&nbsp;J A Karshima,&nbsp;C U Anyaka,&nbsp;A S Sagay","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The fear of weight gain is one of the adverse events that make women to discontinue Implanon® (etonorgestrel) contraceptive. Black women are more prone to gain weight with the use of such progestogen-only contraceptives than women of other racial groups. The weight of women is also an important consideration since it influences the concentration of the active drug and may predispose to failure at a higher weight profile.Information on weight changes with the use of etonorgestrel implant is scarce in our sub-region. We therefore explored the direction and extent of weight changes among women in different weight categories and determined the predictors of the final body weight during use of Implanon®.</p><p><strong>Materials and method: </strong>This was a retrospective study of all women that accepted implanon at the Family Planning Unit of the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos Nigeria from March 2007 to March 2014. Data analysis was carried out using Stata version 12.1. The socio-demographic data and reproductive histories were extracted from the records and the duration of use of the implant, reasons for discontinuation and the initial weight and at follow up were analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 99% of the women who had Implanon® were parous and the commonest contraceptive they had used previously was the injectables. However, almost a quarter (22.8%) were accepting Implanon® as their first ever contraceptive method. The mean baseline weight was 64.4 ± 12.1 kg and the median weight was 63.0 kg. The average months of use of Implanon® in this study was 27 months and there was a mean increase in body weight of 2.5 kg during the study. However, there was a broad variability in the individual change in body weight with about 38.6% losing weight or not having any net weight change. Over three-fifths (61.4%) of the women had a net weight gain while using Implanon®. Of these women, 36.0% gained 1-5 kg, 19.2% gained 6-10 kg, 4.2% gained 11-15 kg and 2.0% gained more than 16 kg with the maximum gain at 26 kg. The mean weight changes were 0.8 kg, 1.6 kg, 3.2 kg and 3.3 kg respectively for the first, second, third and fourth years of Implanon® use respectively. Implanon® was removed on account of weight gain in 3.8% of those women who had removed the implant. There was no statistically significant difference in weight gain among the different weight categories: women who had an initial weight above 90 kg gained less than 1 kg compared to those who had normal weight (for this study <70 kg) at the baseline that gained on average more than 2.0 kg. The most significant predictor of the final body weight with Implanon® use was the initial body weight which predicts it in 83.5% of the time (p-value 0.000, CI 0.99, 1.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a broad variability in weight changes with the use of Implanon® and the initial body weight is the most significant predictor of the final body weight","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 Suppl","pages":"15-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6582964/pdf/nihms-655405.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37071118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of sex hormone levels on tear production in postmenopausal Nigerian women.","authors":"J A Ebeigbe,&nbsp;P N Ebeigbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A stable tear film with normal flow is essential for preserving a clear cornea. When the tear film becomes insufficient to support the surface of the eye due to a lack of production of tears or a decrease in stability of tears, dry eye syndrome (DES) occurs. DES is a common disorder of the tear film. It affects a significant percentage of the population, especially women. The onset of dry eye is very common during menopause and may result from the loss of hormonal support.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sex hormone on tear volume and stability in postmenopausal Nigerian women.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study was a cross sectional experimental study. Twenty postmenopausal women aged 50 to 55 years (mean age 52 ± 2.32) and twenty premenopausal women aged 45 to 52 years (mean age 50 ± 2.13) were selected by systematic random sampling. Schirmer's tear test and the noninvasive tear break up time (NITBUT) test were performed on the women. Serum levels of estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The differences in mean tear volume, (t = 14.74, p < 0.0001) and tear stability, (t = 11.28, p < 0.04) between the postmenopausal and premenopausal women were statistically significant. Tear volume was positively correlated with testosterone (r = 0.276, p ≥ 0.05) and progesterone (r = 0.227, p ≥ 0.05) but negatively correlated with estradiol (r = 0.141, p ≥ 0.05) in the postmenopausal group, with no statistically significant associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in hormone levels that occur in menopause affect tear volume and tear stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"205-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The wits appraisal using three reference planes and its interaction with the ANB angle among a sub-set of Nigerians\".","authors":"J U Ifesanya,&nbsp;A T Adeyemi,&nbsp;O D Otuyemi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Conjoint analysis of orthodontic patients using the Subspinale (A-point) Nasion-Supramentale (B point) (ANB) angle and the Wits appraisal is popular in many practices. This study aimed to present reference values for the Wits appraisal among Nigerians using three horizontal reference planes namely the bisected occlusal plane (BOP), the functional occlusal plane (FOP) and the maxillomandibular angle bisector (MM° bisector) plane. It also assessed the relationship of the Wits appraisal with the ANB angle and its interaction with clinical measures of sagittal skeletal relations among subjects with malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>One hundred participants with normal occlusion and 120 with malocclusion were recruited in the study. Cephalometric radiographs were taken for all participants. Each radiograph was manually traced on a 0.003 matted cellulose acetate tracing paper using a sharpened 2H pencil. The Wits appraisal and ANB angle were determined. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 20.7 ± 4.9 years for those with normal occlusion and 18.8 ± 6.5 years in the malocclusion group. There were 91 (41.4%) males and 129 (58.6%) females. Mean values for the Wits appraisal using the BOP as reference, was--1.27 ± 2.91mm, with the FOP, it was -3.54 ± 3.24mm, while with the MM° bisector plane, it was--.75? ± .94mm. The ANB angle showed highest correlation with the MM'°bisector plane Wits value(P< 0 .001). CCONCLUSION: hen the clinical and angular cephalometric findings are at variance, the ANB angle is best moderated by the MM'° isector plane Wits appraisal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"225-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4679289/pdf/nihms655446.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanitary conditions of abattoirs in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria.","authors":"E O Oloruntoba,&nbsp;A M Adebayo,&nbsp;F O Omokhodion","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The environment in the abattoir is of public health concern because of its implications on the quality of meat sold in the markets. The poor sanitary states of abattoirs have been reported in the literature. Very few studies have provided a comprehensive assessment of the sanitary conditions in the abattoir premises. This study sought to assess the compliance of abattoirs in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria with standards set by Federal Ministry of Environment.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Ibadan using an observational checklist adapted from Policy guidelines on market and abattoir sanitation by the Federal Ministry of Environment. Twelve (12) abattoirs in Ibadan metropolis were assessed. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Concerning general inspection, only one (8.3%) of the abattoirs had adequate access route, potable water supply and functional drainage system. Many had poor solid waste management practices as heaps of refuse littered the surroundings. Internal inspection of the abattoirs revealed that two (16.7%) had adequate space and facilities. Ten (83.3%) had first aid posts even though they were not equipped with materials. Eleven (91.7%) abattoirs had toilet facilities that were either poorly kept or abandoned.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that most of the abattoirs in Ibadan metropolis were operating under unhygienic and sub-standard conditions and lacked basic requirements for a good abattoir as stipulated in the Policy Guidelines on Market and Abattoir Sanitation. There is an urgent need to enforce the minimum standards as stipulated in the policy guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"231-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"O I Iyun,&nbsp;O O Denloye,&nbsp;O O Bankole,&nbsp;B O Popoola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early childhood caries is a public health problem in a developing country such as Nigeria where there are limited resources to combat the situation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and pattern of early childhood caries (ECC) among nursery school children aged 3 to 5 years in Ibadan, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study was conducted on 540 nursery school children aged 3 to 5 years old in nursery schools within Ibadan. Oral examination was performed and dmft (decayed-missing-filled teeth) indices were recorded. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 and descriptive statistics was applied. The level of significance was taken at p value < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of early childhood caries was 23.5% with a total of 353 carious teeth seen in 127 children. The mean dmft was 0.65 ± 1.49 and the decayed (d) component constituted 100% of the dmft scores (all dmft was due to untreated caries). The second mandibular primary molars were the teeth most affected by caries, accounting for 35.4% of all decayed teeth. Severe ECC prevalence was 2.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high caries prevalence observed on the second mandibular primary molars reveals the rampant nature of this disease and the absence of any missing or filled tooth in the dmft indices shows poor dental awareness among the parents/guardians of the children.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"239-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DECLINING PREVALENCE OF HIV AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN JOS, NORTH-CENTRAL NIGERIA.","authors":"A E Ogbe, A S Sagay, G E Imade, J Musa, V C Pam, D Egah, V Onwuliri, R Short","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female Sex Workers (FSWs) are key reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from which transmission to the general population fuels epidemics. STIs amplify HIV infectiousness and susceptibility. We determined the status of HIV and STIs among brothel-based FSWs in Jos as part of an ongoing prevention intervention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Between January and May 2012, consenting consecutive brothel-based FSWs were recruited from previously designated brothels across Jos. HIV counseling and testing as well as screening for gonorrhoea, syphilis, trichomonasis, candidasis and Bacteria vaginosis (BV) were performed. Positive cases were provided free treatment and follow-up at Solat Women Hospital, Jos. Ethical clearance was obtained from Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) ethical committee.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Two hundred FSWs aged 27.6 ± 4.6 years (range 15-55 years) were recruited and of these, 47 (23.5%) were HIV Positive, 20 (10.0%) had syphilis, 9 (4.5%) had Neisseria gonorrhea, 3 (1.5%) had Trichomonas vaginalis and 86 (43.0%) had BV. The association between HIV and bacterial vaginosis was statistically significant (OR of 2.2, 95% CI of 1.1-4.2, P-value=0.02). In comparison to similar prevalence in 2006, the current findings represent 51.5% decline in HIV prevalence, 40.8% decline for syphilis and over 83.3% decline in prevalence for Trichomonas vaginalis. There was no significant change in the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoea and BV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of HIV and STIs among brothel-based FSWs in Jos remain unacceptably high, although, there is a declining trend. A comprehensive HIV prevention program targeting these women is required to block transmission to the general population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 Suppl 1","pages":"5-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4682905/pdf/nihms655408.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35946646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurobehavioural activities of the ethanol leaf extract of calophyllum inophyllum in rodents.","authors":"G F Ibironke,&nbsp;O G Ugege","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was designed to investigate the central nervous system activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Calophyllum inophyllum in rodents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The neurobehavioural tests used include the hole board, open field, elevated plus maze and the light/dark box tests. The animals were divided into the control (normal saline, 10 ml/kg) experimental (50-150 mg/kg) and the reference groups (indomethacin,10 mg/kg) after which they were subjected to the above tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that in the hole board test, the 100 and 200 mg/kg doses resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) reduction in the number of head dips compared with the control, while in the light and dark box test there was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the time spent in the dark arena compared with the control. The open field test revealed a reduction in the total locomotion compared with the control although not statistically significant, While the time spent in the closed arm increased significantly (p < 0.05) at all doses, the rearing frequencies were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at all doses, only the 200 mg/kg dose reduced the grooming frequencies significantly (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest that the ethanol leaf extract of Calophyllum inophyllum contains some active principles which may be sedative/anxiogenic in nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"213-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}