African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Serum copeptin and its diagnostic performance in schizophrenia.","authors":"K S Akinladel,&nbsp;F O Fagbomedo,&nbsp;S K Rahamon,&nbsp;V A Makanjuola,&nbsp;A B Ampitan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inappropriate arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion has been reported in schizophrenic patients. However, there is lack of information on serum level of copeptin and its diagnostic performance in schizophrenia. This study therefore, evaluated serum copeptin and its diagnostic performance in schizophrenic patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty subjects (30.02 ± 7.17 years) with schizophrenia (19 drug naïve [DNS] and 41 schizophrenics on treatment [SOT]) and 30 healthy individuals (33.62 ± 9.05 years) with no history of schizophrenia were enrolled into this study. Schizophrenia was diagnosed using the Tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Estimation of serum copeptin, plasma electrolytes (potassium, sodium and chloride) and uric acid was done using ELISA, Ion-Selective electrode (ISE) and enzymatic method respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Copeptin was significantly higher while uric acid, potassium and sodium levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Similarly, copeptin was significantly higher while sodium, potassium and uric acid levels were significantly lower in DNS and SOT compared with controls. However, insignificant elevation in copeptin level and insignificant reduction in sodium, potassium, chloride and uric acid levels were observed in DNS compared with SOT. The Area under the curve (AUROC) for copeptin was 0.686 (P = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is elevated copeptin level in patients with schizophrenia and that copeptin levels might be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"259-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography measurement of extra-ocular muscle diameters in a population of normal patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.","authors":"G I Ogbole,&nbsp;O A Ogun,&nbsp;D Olusumade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Measurements of extraocular muscle diameter may be useful in diagnosis and as an outcome indicator in the assessment of treatment options in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Racial differences are known to account for craniofacial variations and orbital sizes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the normal diameters of extra-ocular muscles using computed tomography in a homogeneous, group of hospital patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>The maximum diameters of extra-ocular muscles were measured for 182 normal patients on thin slice reconstructed coronal computed tomography images. The effects of age and sex were determined.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Normal ranges for the diameters (mean + 2 SDs) of extraocular muscles were 4.5 + 1.2 mm for medial rectus, 4.9 + 2.1 mm for lateral rectus, 4.8 + 1.6 mm for inferior rectus and 4.0 + 1.5 mm for the superior group. The mean diameter of the extra-ocular muscles of male patients was not significantly larger than that of female patients (p > 0.05). There was a small but positive correlation between age and diameter of each extra-ocular muscle except in the left medial rectus and right lateral rectus muscles (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These normative values may serve as radiological reference values in the assessment of changes in size and suspected enlargement of the extraocular muscles in Nigerian patients. They may also be extrapolated to other Black African patients, until population studies become available.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 3","pages":"245-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33878808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric/scientometric investigation of African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences between 2001-2010.","authors":"A S Obajemu,&nbsp;H O J Akinade,&nbsp;J N Osagie","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bibliometric or Scientometric appraisal of a research publication outfit of this nature serves as a tool to evaluate the direction of research activities of the scholars who published in African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences between 2001 and 2010, and to determine the research impacts on the body of knowledge.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The essence of this research is to determine the quantum volume of research output, patterns of research collaboration by authorship, citations/regional and subjects distributions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Information/data was transcribed on the cataloguing cards for the generation of data bank. Subject analysis was carried out using Medical Subject Headings of 2010 edition. Medical Tree Structure was consulted to know the broad spectrum down to the specifics of each concept, and Bradford's Mathematical tool was used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six hundred and sixty three research articles were published within the period of study. The highest 85 (12.9%) number of articles was published in 2001, followed by 2003 with 82 articles (12.4%) and the least published year was 2010 with 45. A total of 13,859 references were cited. Three authorship collaboration was the highest and Oyo State recorded maximum number of publications in terms of geographical distribution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AJMMS has contributed significantly to the body of knowledge with a total of 663 research output, 13,859 citations and high degree of research collaboration recorded over a ten year period. However, there was a gradual decline in research output during the period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"115-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32879743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidental finding of complete situs inversus in a polytraumatized adult.","authors":"O Olasehinde,&nbsp;A M Owojuyigbe,&nbsp;A O Adisa,&nbsp;I O Awowole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Situs inversus is a rare abnormality typically posing a diagnostic dilemma during routine evaluation of acute abdominal emergencies such as in acute appendicitis and cholecystitis. It is rare to detect such in the setting of trauma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report an incidental finding of complete situs inversus in a poly-traumatized adult.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The clinical records of the patient including preoperative evaluation, intra-operative findings and postoperative care were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A 53 year old man presented with difficulty breathing, left sided chest pain, generalized abdominal pain and distension 18 hours after a vehicular road traffic accident. Examination revealed features of left sided haemothorax, absent heart sounds, generalized peritonitis and limb injuries. Plain chest radiograph confirmed left haemothorax with dextrocardia. He had a left closed thoracostomy tube drainage and exploratory laparotomy which revealed complete situs inversus of intra-abdominal organs alongside a jejunal perforation which was repaired. Postoperative recovery was uneventful.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Complete situs inversus is uncommon and may not be anticipated in evaluation of trauma patients. Preoperative clinical and radiological evaluation may however be helpful in making a pre-operative diagnosis and further management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"183-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32879666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of childhood leukaemia in University College Hospital, Ibadan.","authors":"T O Babatunde,&nbsp;G O Ogun,&nbsp;B J Brown,&nbsp;E E Akang,&nbsp;Y A Aken'Ova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leukaemias are haematological malignancies characterized by unregulated clonal proliferation of haematopoietic cells.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the pattern of childhood leukaemia in Ibadan.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This was a retrospective study of leukaemia cases diagnosed at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan between January 1991 and December 2010 in children less than 15 years of age. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 64 cases of childhood leukaemia, accounting for 10.2% of childhood cancers seen during this study period. The male to female ratio was 2:1 and modal age group was between 10 and 14 years. Thirty (46.9%) cases were acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), 22 (34.4%) were acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) and 12 (18.8%) were unspecified acute leukaemias. There was no case of chronic myeloid or lymphocytic leukaemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There has been a relative increase in the frequency of leukaemia cases at UCH, Ibadan, which may be largely explained by increased awareness and referrals. There is a need for further collaborative multicentre studies of childhood leukaemias in Nigeria and other developing countries and focused research on childhood leukaemias in order to unravel the aetiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"135-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32879745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentry on \"The pharmaceutical equivalence and stability of multisource metronidazole suspensions\".","authors":"A E Orimadegun","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"147-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32879747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a known sickle cell anaemia patient: a rare combination in Nigeria.","authors":"O O Jarrett,&nbsp;E I Olorundare","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sickle cell anaemia is a very common disease condition in Nigeria. Its co-existence with type 1 diabetes mellitus is however rare, with only a few cases having been reported in literature and only two children have been reported from Nigeria. The genetic basis for this has not been fully reviewed. This case represents one of the few documented of both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and homozygous sickle cell disease co-existing in an individual. More research is necessary to identify the factors that influence this co-morbidity and its effects on disease progression and patient management.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>Q. O, a ten year old girl presented in October 2011 with 9 year history of recurrent bone pains, yellowness of the eyes and poor growth. She also had a short history of polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria. Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed SS while a random plasma glucose done at least twice was greater than 200 mg/dl. There was no ketosis nor did she have any other adverse complications. She is currently being managed as a case of sickle cell haemoglobinopathy with T1DM. Her management has been hampered by severe financial constraints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This report seeks to increase the awareness of this rare co-existence in this environment, as well as to highlight the antecedent challenges in management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"177-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32879752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nephritis as an initial diagnosis of lupus in Nigerian patients.","authors":"O O Adelowo,&nbsp;T Umeizudike,&nbsp;H Olaosebikan,&nbsp;J O Awobusuyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-systemic autoimmune disease. Renal involvement is a common complication, causing considerable mortality and morbidity. SLE is rarely reported among black Africans, though recent reports from Nigeria indicate otherwise. Nephritis, though a common complication of SLE has rarely been reported as the initial diagnosis of lupus among black Africans.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of our study is to highlight the clinical, laboratory and histological features in Nigerian patients presenting with features of nephritis and subsequent diagnosis of SLE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a three year prospective study of patients with renal diseases, who were admitted to the rheumatology and nephrology units of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH) Ikeja. Serology, biochemical, haematologic tests, kidney biopsy were done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients were studied (F11; M1); mean age 30.4 years (SD ± 9.8); mean illness 8 weeks (SD ± 6.6). Six patients had a nephritic condition. Nine of the patients had baseline hypertension while 3 had a rapidly progressive nephritis. Two patients had baseline End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). All had dipstick proteinuria 2+/3+, mean protein creatinine ratio 2.2 (SD ± 0.6), mean 24hr protein 2.8 gm (SD ± 2.7); more than 10 red blood cells/hpf haematuria (n-6), hyaline casts (n-5), granular casts (n-2), mean GFR 31.4 ml/ min (SD ± 21.3.), mean serum creatinine 6.9 mg/dl (SD ± 5.3); mean urea 138.8 mg/dl (SD ± 56.2). For the serology, Anti Nuclear Antibody (ANA) was positive in all the 12 subjects; positive anti dsDNA -10 patients; ENA - 10. Renal biopsy showed mostly WHO/ISSN classes III, IV and V. Treatment was with Euro Lupus regimen and rituximab/ cyclophosphamide. Four patients had dialysis. In terms of the outcome, there were 3 deaths while 9 patients were discharged.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose Lupus Nephritis in black Africans especially when their presentations do not fulfil the America College of Rheumatology (ACR) diagnostic criteria for SLE.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32881250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in the West Africa.","authors":"O Baiyewu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32881248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreaks-of Ebola virus disease in the West African sub-region.","authors":"K O Osungbade,&nbsp;A A Oni","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Five West African countries, including Nigeria are currently experiencing the largest, most severe, most complex outbreak of Ebola virus disease in history. This paper provided a chronology of outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in the West African sub-region and provided an update on efforts at containing the present outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), AJOL, Google Scholar and Cochrane database were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Outbreaks of Ebola, virus disease had frequently occurred mainly in Central and East African countries. Occasional outbreaks reported from outside of Africa were due to laboratory contamination and imported monkeys in quarantine facilities. The ongoing outbreak in West Africa is the largest and first in the sub-region; the number of suspected cases and deaths from this single current outbreak is already about three times the total of all cases and deaths from previous known outbreaks in 40 years. Prevention and control efforts are hindered not only by lack of a known vaccine and virus-specific treatment, but also by weak health systems, poor sanitation, poor personal hygiene and cultural beliefs and practices, including myths and misconceptions about Ebola virus disease--all of which are prevalent in affected countries. Constrained by this situation, the World Health Organisation departed from the global standard and recommended the use of not yet proven treatments to treat or prevent the disease in humans on ethical and evidential grounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The large number of people affected by the present outbreak in West Africa and the high case-fatality rate calls for accelerated evaluation and development of the investigational medical interventions for life saving and curbing the epidemic. Meanwhile, existing interventions such as early detection and isolation, contact tracing and monitoring, and adherence to rigorous procedures of infection prevention and control should be intensified.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 2","pages":"87-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32881249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}