African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Refractive Amblyopia among children in Ibadan: the need for amblyopia screening programmes.","authors":"B A Olusanya,&nbsp;M O Ugalahi,&nbsp;C E Okoli,&nbsp;A M Baiyeroju","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence and burden of amblyopia in developing countries is probably underestimated, and little is known about the pattern of amblyopia in West Africa.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the relative frequency and types of amblyopia among children with refractive errors seen in the eye clinic of a tertiary hospital over a 2 year period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study conducted at the eye clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 2012 and December 2013. Case notes of children with refractive errors seen during this period were retrieved and information including socio-demographic data, presenting visual acuity and visual acuity with correction were recorded. Amblyopia was defined as best corrected visual acuity worse than 6/9 or a difference of ≥ 2 Snellen chart lines between both eyes in the absence of any ocular pathology that could explain the visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 250 eligible patients who had refractive errors were included in the study. Visual acuity was corrected to 6/9 or better in 224 (89.6%) children while 26 (10.4%) of them had amblyopia. Among the 26 children with amblyopia, 21 (80.8%) children had amblyopia in both eyes and majority (65.4%) had iso-ametropic amblyopia. Of the 47 amblyopic eyes, 36 (76.6%) eyes had moderate amblyopia while 11 (23.4%) eyes had severe amblyopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a high relative frequency of amblyopia in this study and we recommend preschool eye examinations for all children to ensure early detection and management of amblyopia, thereby reducing the burden of amblyopia in our populace.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"237-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of methanol extract of musa sapientum leaves on protein glycation and erythrocyte antioxidant status in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats.","authors":"E O Adewoye,&nbsp;B O Adele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increased generation of free radicals from protein glycation has been associated with compromised integrity of erythrocytes in diabetes. Musa sapientum has been reported to possess anti-diabetic properties and this study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musa sapientum on protein glycation and erythrocyte integrity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two male Wistar rats (180-200g) were randomly grouped into seven: 1 (control), 2 (diabetic untreated), 3 (normal extract-treated (250 mg/kg)), 4 (normal metformin-treated (150 mg/kg)), 5 (diabetic extract-treated (250 mg/kg)), 6 (diabetic metformin-treated (150 mg/kg)), 7 (diabetic insulin-treated (1 IU/kg)). Diabetes was induced with single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg alloxan. Animals were treated for 14 days and blood (3 mls) was collected from retro-orbital plexus to determine serum fructosamine level, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) level was estimated using a conversion formula. Animals were sacrificed thereafter by cervical dislocation and pancreatic tissues were excised and stained with haematoxylin and eosin for histological study. Statistical significance at P < 0.05 was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls' post-hoc test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Diabetic rats treated with extract, metformin and insulin had significant reduction in serum fructosamine level by 62.64%, 74.63% and 56.05% respectively while HbA(1c) level reduced by 45.06%, 50.62% and 40.57% respectively. Activities of erythrocyte SOD and GPx were increased in the extract-treated group. Histological studies showed regeneration of islet cells in the diabetic extract-treated rat which was comparable to normal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The extract inhibited protein glycation, regenerated the islet cells and improved erythrocyte antioxidant status in diabetic rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"261-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34560508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-operative treatment of neglected bilateral posterior four-part fracture- dislocation of the shoulders--a case report.","authors":"A O Ifesanya,&nbsp;O J Ogundele,&nbsp;A A Anejukwo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bilateral posterior dislocation of the shoulders is rare and may result from a seizure. A 48 year-old HIV-positive man who presented eight weeks after bilateral posterior shoulder dislocation and bilateral fractures of the surgical necks of both humeri is reviewed. He was treated with an algesics and physiotherapy and was able to return to work after 9 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rarity of this lesion, its late presentation, the importance of a high index of suspicion in making the diagnosis and the fair outcome of non-operative treatment informed this report.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"277-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34560510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of taurine and caffeine on plasma c-reactive protein and calcium in Wistar rats.","authors":"B V Owoyele,&nbsp;A L Oyewole,&nbsp;S A Biliaminu,&nbsp;Y Alashi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Caffeine is a component of several beverages such as coffee and tea. It has been shown to possess psychoactive properties because it increases alertness, energy and ability to concentrate at moderate doses. Taurine on the other hand, is an amino acid which has the capacity to promote neural development, osmoregulation and neuroprotection. There is paucity of information on the effect of the combined administration of taurine and caffeine on C-reactive protein (CRP)--a marker of inflammation and plasma calcium level in rats.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The present study was designed to investigate the effects of combined taurine and caffeine on the plasma level of CRP, Ca2+ as well as the effect of nifedipine on calcium level.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Fifty four rats weighing 120-140 g were used for these studies. The animals were divided into nine groups consisting of six animals each. Group 1 was treated with 10 m/kg of normal saline, Groups 2 and 3 were given 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of taurine respectively, groups 4 and 5 received 7.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg of caffeine respectively while group 6 was administered taurine (200 mg/kg) and caffeine (15 mg/kg), groups 7 and 8 were treated with taurine (200 mg/kg) plus nifedipine (10 mg/kg) and taurine (200 mg/kg)plus furosemide (20 mg/kg) respectively while group 9 was given taurine plu caffeine plus nifdipine plus furosemide. Treatment was done once daily for 21 days and blood was finally collected via cardiac puncture for the assay of CRP and calcium while the animals were under anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that CRP was significantly decreased in five of the treated groups compared with the control with the exception of the group treated with taurine alone (Group 2), and that treated with combined taurine and caffeine (Group 6). The Ca2+ level of groups treated with caffeine (11.70 ± 0.29 mg/dL) and taurine with caffeine (11.64 ± 0.15 mg/dL) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased compared with the control (10.70 ± 0.29 mg/dL). However, treatment with taurine and nifedipine (Group 7) led to significant (p < 0.05) reduction in plasma Ca2+ level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results have shown that combined caffeine and taurine can boost plasma calcium level and decrease plasma CRP level. Moreover, taurine combined with nifedipine but not furosemide can act synergistically to lower both plasma Ca2+ and CRP levels, a result which may have implication for the treatment of hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"229-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non cholinergic dependent mechanism of Ocimum gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice.","authors":"G F Ibironke,&nbsp;O G Modupe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study investigated the mechanism of Ocimum gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice. The plant is widely consumed in most parts of the world including Nigeria where it is used as a spice and phytomedicine by alternate medical practitioners.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The animals were divided into three groups of six mice each. Control and Ocimum gratissum treated mice were subjected to the hole-board, light/dark box, elevated plus maze and open field tests. The third group had an intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of the cholinergic receptor antagonist, atropine (3 mg/kg) forty-five minutes prior to oral Ocimum gratissimum administration before the neurobehavioural assay one hour later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that Ocimum gratissimum administration significantly reduced the number of head dips in the hole board test (p < 0.01), so also were the frequencies of locomotion (p < 0.001), rearing (p < 0.05) and grooming (p < 0.01) compared with control. In the light/dark board test, the time spent in the light arena and the number of entries were significantly (p < 0.001) reduced compared with the control, while in the elevated plus maize test, the time spent in the closed arm increased significantly (p < 0.01) when compared with control values. The values obtained when the animals were pre-treated with atropine (3 mg/kg) before the administration of Ocimum gratissimum showed no significant difference from those observed without the cholinergic blocker in all the four neurobehavioural tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results ruled out any significant participation of the cholinergic system in Ocimum gratissimum induced neurobehavioural alterations in mice.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"213-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cocos nucifera L. water improves reproductive indices in Wistar Rats.","authors":"O T Kunle-Alabi,&nbsp;O O Akindele,&nbsp;M O Oyovwi,&nbsp;M A Duro-Ladipo,&nbsp;Y Raji","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the effects of Cocos nucifera L. water (CW) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG) and fertility in Wistar rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adult male and female Wistar rats were treated orally as follows; Study 1: Group 1: control (distilled water), group 2: 20 ml/kg corn oil (danazol vehicle), group 3: 20 ml/kg CW, group 4: 40 ml/kg CW, group 5: danazol, group 6: danazol + 20 ml/kg CW and group 7: danazol + 40 ml/kg CW. 200 mg/ kg danazol was administered. Serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone; gonadal weights and sperm indices were assessed. Study 2: Group 1: control (distilled water), group 2: 20 ml/kg CW, group 3: 40 ml/kg CW for 6 and 2 weeks prior to mating in male and female rats respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant (p < 0.05) increases in estradiol concentration were observed in groups 3, 4, 6 and 7. Significant reductions in LH, FSH, estradiol and testosterone levels were observed in group 5 which were ameliorated in groups 6 and 7. Males showed significant increases in sperm count and motility in groups 3, 4, 6 and 7, and reductions in these variables along with viability in group 5. CW pre-treatment increased fecundity index and proportion of female pups from dams, while the pups from sires showed higher birth weights.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CW acts on the HPG to positively influence reproductive function in both males and females and may aid in maternal preconception sex selection of female offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"305-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33889416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of skin sensitivity to various aeroallergens in bronchial asthmatic patients in Lagos, Nigeria.","authors":"S M Oladeji,&nbsp;C C Nwawolo,&nbsp;O O Adewole,&nbsp;A J Fasunla","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Background: Skin prick testing is an established way of investigating respiratory allergic diseases to determine the allergen or allergens responsible for clinical symptoms as well as degree of reactivity in the individual cases.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the skin sensitivity to various aeroallergens by skin prick test in selected asthmatic patients (with and without concurrent Allergic Rhinitis).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A prospective case-control study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Tertiary Health Institution.</p><p><strong>Subjects: </strong>Cases were 160 adult patients with confirmed bronchial asthma and controls were 160 subjects without bronchial asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Skin prick test was performed with a panel of allergens which included house dust mites, cockroach, cat, dog, moulds, and aspergillus fumigatus on all subjects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Amongst the asthmatic patients 148 (92%) had positive skin tests to the allergens, this is higher than findings from previous studies carried out on asthmatics in Lagos. The house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssimus) had the highest proportion of reactions among the study group. There is a higher incidence of severe reactions to other allergens (grass mix, dog skin, cat skin, aspergillus, cockroach) in the asthmatics than the control.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The skin test is a valuable diagnostic tool in detecting the presence and degree of allergy in asthmatics in our environment. However, the house dust mite was allergen that most of the subjects reacted to.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"339-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood platelet: a review of its characteristics and function in acute malaria infection.","authors":"E M Essien,&nbsp;U T Emagha,&nbsp;U T Emagba","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of the circulating platelet has until in relatively recent times, been mainly considered in terms of cellular mediators of thrombohaemorrhagic activities. It has most recently also been shown to play important role in modulating host immune response to infections such as malaria infection, both in the early and later phases of the infection. Data on the role that platelets play in early malaria infection is relatively scanty. This review highlights changes in platelet characteristics and function that have been reported in acute malaria infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, Google search, textbooks and Cochrane Library were reviewed covering the period</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It is observed that Thrombocytopenia which had hitherto been considered as the hallmark of the complication of acute malaria infection, occurs in 40-80% of human acute malaria infection and in 100% of murine models. It results from platelet activation mechanism. The evidence in support of this view includes associated findings of elevated plasma concentrations of Beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) and Platelet Factor 4 (PF4) as well as enhanced production of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α (6-KPF1α). There is also loss of total platelet sialic acid associated with reduction of platelet life span. A more recent finding of platelet killing of the parasite inside the infected red cell has revealed a hitherto little known potential which shows that early interaction between circulating platelets and the malaria parasite in the course of infection may result in reduction of parasitaemia thus mediating host survival to malaria infection. The mechanism(s) of platelet protective activity in early acute malaria is/are yet to be fully clarified in order to provide better understanding of the phenomenon. Clinically, it has also been reported that in acute malaria infection, the severity of clinical manifestations correlates closely with the parasite load.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reported changes of platelet/malaria parasite interactions highlighted in this review bring to the fore the need for more research activities to be undertaken in this area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"287-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33889414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation therapy interruption in a poor resource setting: causes and management..","authors":"B I Akinlade,&nbsp;A M Folasire,&nbsp;T N Elumelu-Kupoluyi,&nbsp;A A Adenipekun,&nbsp;U B Iyobosa,&nbsp;O B Campbell","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Treatment interruption is the failure to execute approved treatment plan of a patient. This adversely affects treatment outcomeif not properly managed. This retrospective study causes and management of radiation treatment interruptions during High Dose Rate Brachytherapy(HDRB) for carcinoma of the cervix in a teaching hospital in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five hundred patients with cervical carcinoma, who received HDRB, post external beam radiotherapy, between August, 2008 and July, 2013 were assessed. They were grouped into (A): those who experienced treatment interruption and (B): those who did not. Each patient was scheduled to receive three fractions of HDRB over 3 weeks. Those in groups A were assessed for the exact treatment fraction missed, the cause and duration of treatment interruption and the actions taken to compensate for non-execution of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 90 patients fall into group A and most (41) of them experienced interruptions in the third fraction of their treatment. The most frequent (44%) causes of treatment interruptions observed among them were patient-related. Record of compensation for treatment interruption was not found in patients' treatment folders. This action may be due to lack of functional procedures for managing treatment interruptions and insufficient follow-up of patients, who never came back for consideration for compensation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study showed that radiation oncology centres need to review their policies for managing treatment interruptions and documentation. Also, the mechanism for patients' follow-up should be strengthened to a reasonable extent to achieve better radiotherapy care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"333-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of pedestrian road traffic maxillofacial injuries in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.","authors":"T O Aladelusi,&nbsp;I V Akinmoladun,&nbsp;O O Olusanya,&nbsp;O A Akadiri,&nbsp;A O Fasola","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Unlabelled: </strong>Background: Walking is the most basic form of mobility and forms an important part of daily activities; however, walking could often be associated with risks. This is more so when pedestrians share a common space with motorized vehicles especially in developing countries. Despite the frequency of road traffic crashes (RTC) related pedestrian injuries in many developing countries, there is a dearth of documentation of maxillofacial injuries in victims of pedestrian road traffic crashes. The aim of this study was to determine the causes, frequency, pattern, severity, concomitant injuries and outcome of pedestrian maxillofacial injuries observed at a tertiary trauma centre in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pedestrian victims of RTC were prospectively recruited from among all maxillofacial trauma patients seen at the Accident and Emergency department and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University College Hospital, Ibadan between April 2011 and November 2011. Ethical approval was obtained from the UI/UCH Joint Ethics Review Board before the commencement of the study and informed consent was obtained from participants. Patients' demography, the crash events, types of maxillofacial injuries, and concomitant injuries were recorded. Severity of maxillofacial injury was estimated based on the Maxillofacial Injury Severity Scale (MFISS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-six participants (22.9% of all victims of road traffic crashes seen within the study period) were victims of pedestrian RTC. Pedestrian RTC occurred in all age groups with almost 40% of the victims in their 1st and 2nd decades of life. The most severe MFISS was observed in the 21 - 30 year age group while the least severe injury observed was in the 71 - 80 years age group. Thirty participants (65.2%) were hit by a car or minibus while fourteen (30.4%) were knocked down by a motorcycle. Two (4.4%) were hit by a truck. Soft tissue injury was the most common maxillofacial injury and head injury was the commonest concomitant injury observed. The median MFISS score of victims of motorcycle was 4.0 while the median scores for victims of car/minibus pedestrian RTC was 9.0. The most severe maxillofacial injury was seen in victim of car/minibus pedestrian crashes. Seventeen percent (8) of the victims had a fatal outcome. Conclusion: Pedestrian RTC resulting in maxillofacial injuries are common in the studied environment. It is particularly common among the 11 -20 year age group and victims are usually hit by cars/minibuses. These injuries are often severe and fatal outcome is not infrequent. Therefore, definitive preventive measures are imperative.</p>","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"43 4","pages":"353-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33955328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}