African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献_第5页

Potentials of raw and cooked walnuts (Tetracapidium conophorum) as sources of valuable nutrients for good health. 生核桃和熟核桃作为有益健康的宝贵营养来源的潜力。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

O K Moyib, O Falegbe, F R Moyib

{"title":"Potentials of raw and cooked walnuts (Tetracapidium conophorum) as sources of valuable nutrients for good health.","authors":"O K Moyib, O Falegbe, F R Moyib","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study estimated nutrient composition of walnuts before and after cooking with respect to its potential as valuable source of nutrients for daily intake.Method: Walnut fruits were purchased from five different markets in Ijebu-Ode local government area and its environs. The fruits samples were divided into two portions, labelled R (for raw) and C (cooked). The C samples were cooked at 100 degrees C for 1 hr and allowed to cool to room temperature. The seeds of both C and R samples were ground and analyzed for proximate, macro and micro minerals using methods of Association of Official Chemists.Results: The results obtained showed that both raw and cooked walnuts are rich in fat, iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) in amounts that are within daily recommended intake per 100 g of walnut seeds. They also contained appreciable levels of protein, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) but with low content of moisture (MC), carbohydrate, fiber, sodium (Na) and potassium (K). Boiling significantly affected the levels of protein, carbohydrate, ash, moisture content, fat, nitrogen, calcium, sodium, copper, zinc, phosphorus, potassium, manganese and ironConclusion: The study reveals that walnut is nutritious due to its appreciable level of protein and presence of various essential and macro minerals. Its low content of sodium and potassium is beneficiary in hypertensive condition as snack. The study suggests future bio-fortification of walnut with zinc, which may bring about a co-increase in Ca and protein content.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"311-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of quail egg on kidney functions in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. 鹌鹑蛋对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠肾功能的影响。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

E O Adewoye, T E Adekeye, A O Ige

{"title":"Effects of quail egg on kidney functions in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats.","authors":"E O Adewoye, T E Adekeye, A O Ige","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: AbstractIntroduction: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus has been reported to lead to renal dysfunction. Quail egg consumption has been reported to exert curative effects in some disease conditions like diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, and asthma. This study investigated the effects of quail egg consumption on some kidney functions in alloxan induced diabetic rats.Methods: Forty male Wistar rats with an average weight of 170g were randomly divided into four groups. Groups A-Control, B-Diabetic untreated, C-Diabetic treated and D-Normal treated. Groups B and C were made diabetic with a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg i.p). Raw quail egg was administered orally (5 ml/kg) to groups C and D for 14 days. Body weight and blood glucose were monitored during the study. Blood and kidney samples were obtained from animals in each group, and analyzed for total protein, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Data were analyzed using ANOVA at P < 0.05.Results: Diabetic group treated with quail egg showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in SOD, decrease in body weight, blood glucose, total protein, creatinine, BUN and MDA levels when compared to diabetic untreated group. However, values of these parameters obtained from diabetic group treated with quail were comparable to control.Conclusion: Quail egg consumption significantly reduced hyperglycemia, serum total protein, creatinine, BUN, MDA and increased SOD activities in alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats which suggests that it lowers blood glucose and ameliorates renal impairment in diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"355-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34318535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problem-Based Learning comes highly recommended. 我们强烈推荐基于问题的学习。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

A Ogunniyi

引用次数: 0

Perception and attitude towards Ebola Virus Disease among traditional healers in Ibadan, Nigeria. 尼日利亚伊巴丹传统治疗师对埃博拉病毒病的认知和态度。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

K Aminu, A S Jegede

{"title":"Perception and attitude towards Ebola Virus Disease among traditional healers in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"K Aminu, A S Jegede","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nigeria experienced her first outbreak of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in the second-half of 2014. Since its first occurrence in Zaire and Sudan in 1976, most studies on EVD were clinically based and were carried out using biomedical approaches. No empirical social science/behavioural-oriented study exists on the deadly EVD in Nigeria.Objective: This study examined the traditional healers' perception and attitude towards Ebola virus disease in Ibadan metropolis.Study design: Purposive sampling method was used to select a total of 23 traditional healers who specialized in different areas of traditional medicine (such as herbs selling, faith healing, divination, and general practice). In-depth interview (IDI) method was employed in the study.Results: The study found some misconceptions about the disease while the dominant attitude among the healers was that of avoidance and caution on safety.Conclusion: The healers' interpretations of the disease rested on the culture and individual experiences. There is thus a need to take the local cultural perceptions of the Ebola Virus Disease into consideration when controlling the disease in the future.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"205-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predictors of hypoxaemia during steady-state among children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in North-Western Nigeria. 尼日利亚西北部镰状细胞性贫血儿童稳定状态低氧血症的预测因素

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

A E Orimadegun, A O Alohan, S Onazi

{"title":"Predictors of hypoxaemia during steady-state among children with Sickle Cell Anaemia in North-Western Nigeria.","authors":"A E Orimadegun, A O Alohan, S Onazi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Unlabelled: AbstractBackground: Haemoglobin desaturation, which presents as hypoxaemia, is a known phenomenon in the cycle of red blood cells sickling in sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Thus, early and accurate recognition of hypoxaemia is important in order to ameliorate its adverse effects on vital organs. This study was carried out to investigate clinical and laboratory features that predict hypoxaemia in children with SCA during steady-state.Methods: We prospectively measured percutaneous haemoglobin saturation of 208 children with SCA in room air during steady-state at a secondary health facility in the north-west of Nigeria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features and anthropometry were recorded. Hypoxaemia was defined as haemoglobin saturation < 90%. Chi square test and logistic regression were used to assess the associations of selected factors with hypoxaemia.Results: Participants comprised 132 males and 76 females and their age ranged from 9 to 168 months. Prevalence of hypoxaemia was 17.3%. Though hypoxaemia was significantly associated with age, time of first symptom to presentation, body mass index (BMI), weight-for-height z-score < 2.0, tachycardia, chest retraction and palpable spleen, age (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.62, 0.96), time of first symptom to presentation (OR = 1.28; 95% = 1.03, 1.59), BMI (OR = 0.87; 95% = 0.76, 0.92) and palpable spleen (OR = 2.87; 95% CI = 1.43, 16.65) remained independent predictors in the logistic regression model.Conclusion: Careful consideration should be given to time of first symptom to presentation, body mass index and palpable spleen when evaluating children with sickle cell anaemia for hypoxaemia in resource limited settings.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"243-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic and ulcer-healing activities of nevirapine in rats. 奈韦拉平对大鼠的抗溃疡和溃疡愈合作用的评价。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

S A Onasanwo, J A Adeyemi, G G Latinwo, S O Faborode, V Mishra

{"title":"Evaluation of anti-ulcerogenic and ulcer-healing activities of nevirapine in rats.","authors":"S A Onasanwo, J A Adeyemi, G G Latinwo, S O Faborode, V Mishra","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nevirapine is a very potent antiretroviral drug frequently used in the management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Opportunistic pathologies in HIV/AIDS patients include gastric ulcer and gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Hence, the impact of nevirapine on induced gastric ulcer was studied using Wistar rats.Methods: Anti-ulcer activity of nevirapine was evaluated using cold restraint stress-induced, ethanol-induced and pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcer models for acute ulceration; and acetic acid-induced ulcer model for the chronic ulceration in Wistar rats.Results: Nevirapine (9 mg/kg, 18 mg/kg and 36 mg/kg) showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in ulcer severity score and ulcer index as compared to the control in the models,.with corresponding increase in percentage inhibition. Histopathological studies showed that nevirapine has a positive effect on the healing of gastric ulcer in the groups treated with the nevirapine compared with the control. The induced ulcers healed up in all the groups administered with nevirapine compared to what was found in the omeprazole group where manifestations of ulcer like inflammatory cells infiltration is still present.Conclusion: Nevirapine may possess highly therapeutic effect in the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal complications that might come with the presence of HIV virus in patients.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"251-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Liver aminotransferases in under-five HIV-positive children on HAART. 接受HAART治疗的5岁以下艾滋病毒阳性儿童的肝脏转氨酶。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

M O Ajulo, M K Omole, J O Moody, O T Dixon-Umo, O L Salami

{"title":"Liver aminotransferases in under-five HIV-positive children on HAART.","authors":"M O Ajulo, M K Omole, J O Moody, O T Dixon-Umo, O L Salami","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Higher mortality rates were reported in developing countries during early months of HAART initiation than in developed countries. The study aimed at assessing the effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on liver function of under-fives.Method: Two hundred and thirty-eight under-fives children were enrolled from five hospitals in Southern Nigeria. Ethical permission and written consent were obtained. Group A involved 91 seropositive-children on HAART regimen while Group B1 involved 24 seronegative-infants who received nevirapine from birth till age 6-week. Group B2 (18) and B3 (48) involved seronegative-children who received co-trimoxazole and were 6-month and 18-month old respectively. Group C involved 11 seropositive-children who received co-trimoxazole only. Group D involved 46 seronegative-children who served as the control group. A 2ml blood sample was obtained from each participant during first phase of the study and was analysed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) using kits manufactured by Randox. Group A children returned for second and third phases of the study after 3-month and 6-month respectively. Data were analysed by using ANOVA.Results: The results showed that ALT was highest in group A (12.8 ± 11.0 IU/L) suggesting hepatotoxicity while AST was highest in group B2 (35.4 ± 53.1 IU/L). Second phase, ALT and AST of group A were significantly reduced by 39.3% (p < 0.05), 29.9% (p < 0.05) respectively suggesting resolved hepatotoxicity. Third phase, ALT and AST were significantly reduced by .50.6% (p < 0.05) and 32.2% (p < 0.05) respectively suggesting resolved hepatotoxicity.Conclusion: Hepatotoxicity observed among HIV-infected children on HAART was resolved after 6-month of monitoring.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A "Red Flag" in Patients with Sickle cell anaemia. 镰状细胞贫血患者的“危险信号”。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

A Ogunniyi

引用次数: 0

Microwave disinfection of maxillary and mandibular denture bases contaminated with Candida Albican. 白色念珠菌污染的上颌、下颌义齿基托的微波消毒。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

S A Bamigboye, O O Dosumu, D M Ajayi

{"title":"Microwave disinfection of maxillary and mandibular denture bases contaminated with Candida Albican.","authors":"S A Bamigboye, O O Dosumu, D M Ajayi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral environment is not sterile, and dentures worn by the patients can be infected and therefore needs disinfection. Solution disinfectants such as sodium hypochlorite and glutaraldehyde can be used but they have side effects. Microwave disinfection method is more recent, however, there are conflicting reports at the moment on the appropriate power and time regimen for disinfection of denture.Objective: To determine the power and time regimen at which the disinfection of dentures can be achieved using microwave.Method: Forty-five acrylic denture bases were fabricated for each of the jaws and infected with solution of a stock Candida albicans and 30 infected bases were employed as control. These were placed in normal saline and then subjected to different microwave power and time regimen. Aliquots from these post-microwave solution were titrated against sabauraud agar which was subsequently incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. The agar were examined for candida growth.Result: The denture bases subjected to microwave disinfection at 350W showed Candida growth after microwave treatment irrespective of the time employed. Conversely, those microwaved at 650W and 690W for four and six minutes showed no microbial growth.Conclusion: The microwave regimen of 650W at 4 and 6 minutes completely disinfected the denture bases. Disinfection at higher microwave energy should be done with caution as distortion of the denture may occur.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"221-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34625042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pharmaceutical equivalent studies of some commercially available brands of Loratadine hydrochloride tablets. 一些市售品牌盐酸氯雷他定片的药物等效研究。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-09-01

O A Adetunji, N F Adigun, M A Odeniyi

{"title":"Pharmaceutical equivalent studies of some commercially available brands of Loratadine hydrochloride tablets.","authors":"O A Adetunji, N F Adigun, M A Odeniyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the pharmaceutical and chemical equivalence of some commercially available loratadine tablets, and offers a possible explanation for the therapeutic failure of the drug products.Method: The equivalence of eight brands of loratadine hydrochloride tablets labelled A to H was assessed and compared with the Innovator brand labelled I. Visual observation and uniformity of weight tests were carried out on the tablets, mechanical properties were assessed using friability and crushing strength tests as parameters. Release properties of the tablets were assessed by disintegration and dissolution tests. Assay was based on non-aqueous titration procedure using crystal violet solution indicator.Result: All the brands studied were white in colour with different shapes and lustre, and complied with the official specification for uniformity of tablet weight. Friability tests showed that only brand G lost more than 1% of its initial weight, while brands A and E failed the crushing strength test. Brand C did not undergo complete disintegration within 15 minutes, while brands A, B, F and G had less than 70% of the active drug content still in solution after 45 minutes. Two of the brands had active drug content between officially specified range of 98.5% and 101.5% for loratadine tablets.Conclusion: There was a large variation in the pharmaceutical properties of the commercially available loratadine hydrochloride tablets that were selected for this study. Six of the brands evaluated exhibited poor pharmaceutical properties. Generally, only two of the brands were pharmaceutically equivalent with the innovator brand.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 3","pages":"269-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34560509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0