African journal of medicine and medical sciences最新文献_第4页

Anthropometric indices: How they compare in screening of cardio- metabolic risks in a Nigerian sub-population. 人体测量指数:他们如何比较在筛选心脏代谢风险在尼日利亚亚人群。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2016-05-01

V M Oguoma, E U Nwose, T C Skinner, R S Richards, K A Digban, I C Onyia, A E Anyasodor

{"title":"Anthropometric indices: How they compare in screening of cardio- metabolic risks in a Nigerian sub-population.","authors":"V M Oguoma, E U Nwose, T C Skinner, R S Richards, K A Digban, I C Onyia, A E Anyasodor","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The current anthropometric indices used for diagnosis of cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) in sub-Saharan Africa are those widely validated in the western world. We hereby aim to compare the sensitivity and specificity of these tools in identifying risk factors for CMS.Method: The study assessed body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Statistical analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of WHtR in comparison with WC cut-off points recommended by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) as well as BMI cut-offs prescribed by the World Health Organisation (WHO).Result: WHtR had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in screening CMS. WHtR >0.5 also showed highest sensitivity in both genders in identifying CMS and clusters of >2 CMS risk factors, but with lowest specificity and positive likelihood ratio (LR+). ATPIII WC cut-off revealed lowest sensitivity and highest specificity in screening CMS and >2 CMS risk factors in males (p<0.000l). IDF WC-threshold had the more stable sensitivity and specificity in males (p<0.0001) but not in females.Conclusion: WHtR>0.5 is more sensitive than WC and BMI recommended values in screening for CMS, but with the least positive likelihood ratio. However, more studies in other nations of sub-Saharan Africa are needed to assure evaluation of different cut points that will yield optimal specificity and sensitivity. This will help curb the problem of over-diagnosis of CMS risk factors and increase better health outcome of the population.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35150129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interplay between antiretroviral therapy and oxidative stress in HIV seropositive patients. HIV血清阳性患者抗逆转录病毒治疗与氧化应激之间的相互作用。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2016-05-01

T D Popoola, O Awodele

{"title":"Interplay between antiretroviral therapy and oxidative stress in HIV seropositive patients.","authors":"T D Popoola, O Awodele","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV infection results in a decline of CD4+ T-cells count and ultimately results in qualitative impairments of CD4+ T-cell function. Antiretroviral therapy results in an increase in the number of CD4+ cells and the functional reconstitution of the immune system. However, patients on therapy commonly experience adverse effects; management of HIV infection thus becomes a balancing act between the benefits of HIV suppression and the risks of drug toxicity with Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). Purpose and Findings: This review intended to look into the relationship between adverse effects with HAART in relation to its induction of oxidative stress in the host. From literature,. HAART has been shown to induce oxidative stress by several biochemical mechanisms. However, the induction of oxidative stress by HAART is minimal compared to HIV induction of oxidative stress-in the host. The use of HAART in the management of HIV-AIDS thus remains inevitable and the combination with exogenous antioxidants is advocated. Exogenous antioxidants mop up infection induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and may also be beneficial in ameliorating some of the adverse effects induced by HAART.Conclusion: Further review on individual adverse effects of ART is recommended and our ongoing research on the teratogenic potentials of HAART will also be very relevant on this subject.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"5-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35149674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

HIV/AIDS pandemic and current practice among Paediatric Surgeons in Nigeria. 尼日利亚儿科外科医生中艾滋病毒/艾滋病的流行和目前的做法。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

OA Sowande, Ao Talabi, Sa Olowookere, Adejuyigbe, Fj Owotade

{"title":"HIV/AIDS pandemic and current practice among Paediatric Surgeons in Nigeria.","authors":"OA Sowande, Ao Talabi, Sa Olowookere, Adejuyigbe, Fj Owotade","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: HIV exposed children could require surgical procedures when ill. This study assessed how paediatric HIV/AIDS affected surgical practice among Nigerian paediatric surgeons.Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study among consenting paediatric surgeons completing a self-administered questionnaire on the current practices and perception on HIV/AIDS in relation to their surgical practice. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Thirty eight out of forty two copies of questionnaire distributed were completed and included in analysis giving a response rate of 92.5%. Most of the respondents (73.7%) were Consultants and had practised more than 10 years. Mean (SD) age was 42.4 (7.5) years ranging from 31 to 63 years. Nearly all the 35 (92.1%) respondents were males while 3 (7.9%) were females. All of them had operated on known HIV positive children. Over half (57.9%) were in support of pre-operative HIV screening with most (76.3%) worried about getting infected during surgery. Most paediatric surgeons knew their HIV status (81.6%) and would undergo HIV screening preoperatively (84.2%) when requested by their patients or their caregivers. Only 5 (22.7%) out of 22 surgeons were screened previously because of needle stick or sharp instrument injury during surgical procedure. Only 6 (15.8%) surgeons rated their cross infection control practices as excellent.Conclusion: Increasing number of HIV positive children are presenting to pediatric surgeons for surgical treatment in Nigeria in which at present surgical practices are inadequate in terms of cross infection control practices. There is need to optimize cross infection control practices through adequate provision of safe surgical devices.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"297-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Knowledge of hazards of antibiotics self-medication by mothers for under-fives in rural community of South-west Nigeria. 尼日利亚西南部农村社区五岁以下儿童母亲对抗生素自行用药危害的了解。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

K A Akinlade, J O Akinyemi, O I Fawole

{"title":"Knowledge of hazards of antibiotics self-medication by mothers for under-fives in rural community of South-west Nigeria.","authors":"K A Akinlade, J O Akinyemi, O I Fawole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Nigeria, self-medication of young children is common. Children under the age of five are often self-medicated with antibiotics because of their increased susceptibility to infections.Objectives: To assess mothers' knowledge on the hazards of antibiotics self-medication in a rural community of South-west Nigeria.Methodology: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 513 mothers selected through a purposive sampling technique from Koko community in Olodo, Ibadan between October and December, 2014. Data were collected using a semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression were done at 5% level of significance.Results: A very high proportion (96.5%) of mothers in this study practiced antibiotic self-medication for their children. Only 28.1% were knowledgeable about the risks and side effects of antibiotic self-medication. Chi-square test revealed that there was a significant association between respondents' educational status (P < 0.05) and knowledge of the hazards. Mothers with no formal education were less likely to be knowledgeable compared to those who had tertiary education (OR = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.02- 0.57).Conclusion: High proportions of mothers lack adequate knowledge on the hazards of antibiotics self-medication. Mothers, particularly those with lower educational levels and young age need to be educated on the risks and side effects of this practice.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"303-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neck trauma: a red-herring to diagnosis of chemodectoma. 颈部创伤:对化学肿瘤诊断的转移注意力。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

O A M Adesiyun, P O Adeoye, C K P Ofoegbu, E A O Afolayan

引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of perceptions of dental students to three methods of teaching in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 在尼日利亚Ile-Ife，牙科学生对三种教学方法的看法的比较评价。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

T A Esan, E O Oziegbe

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of perceptions of dental students to three methods of teaching in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.","authors":"T A Esan, E O Oziegbe","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The World Health Organization in 1994 recommended that dental education should be problem based, socially and culturally relevant, and community oriented.Objectives: To explore the perceptions of Pre-phase II (pre-clinical II) dental students on three methods of teaching used during two academic sessions.Methods: All part IV dental students in two consecutive sessions undergoing pre phase II course in the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife were recruited into the study. Three different modes of teaching that is, Problem based learning (PBL), hybrid PBL and traditional teaching were used to teach the students. A twenty two itemed anonymous questionnaire on a five point Likert scale was administered to the students at the end of the course. Six perceived factors were extracted from the questionnaire using factor analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) between the overall mean of PBL method compared to the other methods of teaching. The perceived factor \"communication with peers\" had the highest mean score for PBL in both sessions (4.57 ± 0.58 and 4.09 ± 0.93 respectively). However, PBL method was very helpful in all the six perceived factors while the students perceived that the traditional method of teaching was not helpful in \"interaction with tutors\" and \"challenge to critical thinking\".Conclusions: The findings showed that students preferred the PBL method to other forms of teaching. PBL enhanced the students' communication skill, was very useful as pedagogic tool and improved their critical thinking.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"335-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pattern of biliary tract carcinoma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. 伊巴丹大学学院医院胆道癌的类型。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

T O Babatunde, J O Ogunbiyi

{"title":"Pattern of biliary tract carcinoma at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.","authors":"T O Babatunde, J O Ogunbiyi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biliary tract carcinomas are uncommon but highly fatal malignancies. Most patients in our environment are diagnosed late and are not candidates for curative resection.Objective: To determine the pattern and risk factors of biliary tract carcinoma in Ibadan.Methodology: This was a retrospective study of histologically confirmed cases of biliary tract carcinoma diagnosed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 1971 and December 20 10. Data was obtained from the records of the Ibadan Cancer Registry, surgical day books and post-mortem records of the Department of Pathology. Histological classification based on the 2010 'WHO classification for tumours of the intrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct' was done.Results: There were 37 cases of biliary tract carcinoma accounting for 0.18% of cancers seen during the period of study. These comprised of 26 (70.3%) females and 11 (29.7%) males. 20 females and 4 males had gallbladder carcinoma, while 6 females and 7 males had cholangiocarcinoma (P = 0.02). The age range was from 37 years to 75 years (mean = 52.5 ± 9.7 years). The peak occurrences of gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma were in the fifth and sixth decades of life respectively. The identified risk factors included female gender (83%), gallstones (33%), and dysplasia (42%).Conclusion: The findings in this study agree with what has been described in the English literature in respect of gender distribution, histological types and some associated risk factors as well as in the fact of its being rare.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"329-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual behaviour and use of electronic media among undergraduates in the University of Ibadan. 伊巴丹大学大学生的性行为和电子媒体的使用。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

A T Salawu, S O Reis, O I Fawole, M D Dairo

{"title":"Sexual behaviour and use of electronic media among undergraduates in the University of Ibadan.","authors":"A T Salawu, S O Reis, O I Fawole, M D Dairo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sexual behaviour among the youth contributes largely to the burden of reproductive health problems in Nigeria. This may have been worsened by the introduction of electronic media like internet and television (TV). However, little is known about the effects of electronic media on sexual behaviour of youth in Nigeria. Therefore, exploring the influence of effect of electronic media on sexual behaviour of youth may help policy maker to provide interventions to these problems. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the effect of electronic media on sexual behaviour of Undergraduates in the University of Ibadan.Method: This was an analytical cross-sectional study, using a multistage sampling method and data were collected through self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Variables measured are socio-demographic characteristics, exposure to electronic media and sexual practices of youths. Frequency tables were generated, and data analyzed by logistic regression.Results: Four hundred and thirty three questionnaires were returned out of 456 distributed, giving a response rate of 95%. Mean age of respondents was 18.75 (SD = 2.5) years. About 58.4% of males use the internet and 58.6% watch TV while 41.6% of female use the Internet and 41.4% watch TV. Watching sexually explicit program on internet increases risk of having premarital sex (OR = 3.1; CI = 1.2-7.7) while watching non sexually explicit programmes on T.V protects from having premarital sex (OR = 0.4 CI = 0.2-0.8).Conclusion: These observed influence of exposure to sexually charged materials on the internet and electronic media indicates the need for efforts to be directed to controlling access, of youths to these sexually explicit programmes on the internet and television programmes.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"321-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Female circumcision in Nigeria and attitudes towards its discontinuation. 尼日利亚的女性割礼和对其终止的态度。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

B M Gbadebo, R F Afolabi, A S Adebowale

{"title":"Female circumcision in Nigeria and attitudes towards its discontinuation.","authors":"B M Gbadebo, R F Afolabi, A S Adebowale","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female Circumcision (FC) is a harmful traditional practice and remains a public health problem particularly in the era of HIV/AIDS. Aside its numerous health implications, it can cause infertility, complications in childbirth and increased risk of newborn deaths. FC is widely practised in Nigeria.Objective: The study assessed the level of FC, daughters' circumcision and attitude towards discontinuation of the practice among women of reproductive age.Methods: Data were extracted from the 2008 Nigeria Demographic Health and Survey. Data were analysed using Chi-square and binary logistic regression models (á = 0.05).Results: Among the respondents, prevalence of FC was 49.2% with 30.6% having circumcised their daughters and 25.8% wishing the practice to continue. About 56% of circumcised women also circumcised their daughters whereas only 2.9% of uncircumcised women circumcised their daughters. Approximately 69.8% of women who had circumcised their daughters would like FC to continue compared to 8.8% of those who never circumcised any of their daughters. The likelihood of FC was higher (OR = 2.07; C.I = 1.85-2.30) among Moslems compare to Christians. Igbo women were less likely to discontinue FC compared to women of Hausa/Fulani ethnic group despite controlling for the confounding variables (OR = 0.57; C.I = 0.35-0.91).Conclusion: Female circumcision is still practiced in all parts of Nigeria and a high proportion of women reported that the practice should continue. There is need to intensify efforts on the campaign against female circumcision in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"343-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34318534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helicobacter pylori: a pathogenic threat to the gastric mucosal barrier. 幽门螺杆菌:对胃粘膜屏障的致病性威胁。

African journal of medicine and medical sciences Pub Date : 2015-12-01

F S Oluwole

{"title":"Helicobacter pylori: a pathogenic threat to the gastric mucosal barrier.","authors":"F S Oluwole","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"Peptic ulcer disease is a multi-factorial disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a global prevalence affecting about 4.6 million people annually and having a mortality of one death per 10,000 cases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a profound role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, including gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and carcinoma. Any compromise to the gastric mucosal barrier will greatly affect the integrity of the stomach. H. pylori is an organism which mediates a compromise of the gastric mucosal barrier by stimulating increased gastric acid secretion, causing alteration of certain immune factors, penetration of the mucosal layer and provoking persistent inflammation even without invading the mucus membrane. All the different lines of therapy have not shown maximal efficacy in the eradication/cure of the infection in patients. Consequently, alternative therapies including phytomedicines and probiotics have been introduced both in the quest for better eradication therapies and in addressing the problem of H. pylori relapse. In the light of the increasing antibiotic resistance associated with current therapies, the use of herbal preparations or its concomitant use with current therapy has the potential to contribute additive and synergistic effect in the eradication of the H. pylori infection. This review highlights the anti-H. pylori herbal preparations tested and in current use.","PeriodicalId":7616,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medicine and medical sciences","volume":"44 4","pages":"289-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34609880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0