Aesthetic Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"GLP-1 Agonists in Aesthetic Surgery: Implications for Perioperative Outcomes and Body Contouring Procedures.","authors":"Roberta Albanese, Federica Tomaselli, Gabriele Delia, Damiano Tambasco","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05015-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05015-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide, for weight management has raised new considerations in aesthetic surgery. While these drugs offer significant preoperative weight loss benefits, their impact on surgical outcomes, tissue healing, and perioperative complications remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on postoperative complications in patients undergoing 360° lipoabdominoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective cohort of 21 patients treated with semaglutide (Group G1) was compared with a retrospectively selected control group (Group G2). Outcomes including wound healing, seroma, hematoma, bruising, hyperpigmentation, and thromboembolic events were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed using an independent samples t-test and Welch's t-test for unequal variances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were observed in major postoperative complications between the two groups. However, hyperpigmentation and bruising were more frequent in the GLP-1 treated group (p = 0.10 and p = 0.09, respectively), suggesting a potential metabolic or vascular effect of the drug.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While GLP-1 receptor agonists do not appear to significantly increase overall surgical risks, their effects on tissue healing and bruising warrant further investigation. The role of rapid weight loss and potential micronutrient deficiencies in perioperative outcomes should be explored in larger, long-term studies to optimize surgical safety and patient selection criteria.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans-scrotal Suspensory Ligament Release: A Novel Technique for Penile Length Augmentation.","authors":"Babak Karimian, Amirreza Shamshirgaran, Reza Mohammadi Farsani, Abdolreza Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05053-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05053-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Penile size concerns are prevalent among men, often linked to self-esteem and masculinity. Alongside many pathological condition, small penis anxiety (SPA) and penile dysmorphic disorder (PDD) can also lead to dissatisfaction even in those with normal sizes. Various enlargement methods, both invasive and non-invasive, have emerged. While penile enlargement procedures aim to improve size and esthetics, they carry potential risks that require careful consideration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to introduce a novel suspensory ligament release method by trans-scrotal approach.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study involved 21 men with concerns about penile size who underwent trans-scrotal penile enlargement surgery from February 2022 to July 2023. Patients received comprehensive evaluations, including medical history, physical exams, and psychological assessments for body dysmorphic disorders. The surgery aimed to enhance penile size using a novel trans-scrotal technique. Postoperative outcomes including flaccid penile length (FPL), stretched penile length (SPL), complications, and patient satisfaction were assessed. Patients also were provided with the Male Genital Self-Image Scale (MGSIS) and International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study consists of 14 body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 2 hypospadias, and 5 micropenis patients. The average age was 38.8 years, with surgical procedures lasting about 145.7 minutes. All patients were discharged within 24 hours, with no major complications reported. There were significant increases in both flaccid and stretched penile lengths (2.6 ± 1.66 cm and 2.4 ± 0.57 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). MGSIS score significantly increased, while IIEF-5 scores showed no significant change.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trans-scrotal approach for penile enlargement is a safe and effective technique that could be administered to patients seeking penile augmentation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decades of Scientific Data and Global Media Reporting on Complications in Non-surgical Aesthetic Treatments for a Transparent Safety Profile: Kissing Snow White Awake.","authors":"Eqram Rahman, Parinitha Rao, Karim Sayed, Patricia E Garcia, Sotirios Ioannidis, Nanze Yu, Shabnam Sadeghi-Esfahlani, Alexander D Nassif, William Richard Webb, Zakia Rahman, Hsien-Li Peter Peng, Greg J Goodman","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05007-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05007-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Non-surgical aesthetic treatments (NSATs) have gained significant traction over the past two decades, prized for their minimally invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and rapid outcomes. Yet complications associated with these procedures remain underreported, inadequately studied, and inconsistently regulated, compromising patient safety.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This mixed-methods study synthesised global data from 457 peer-reviewed studies, 37,250 media articles, 2.28 million social media posts, and regulatory databases, encompassing 231,475 documented complications. Statistical methodologies, including Cox proportional hazards models, Bayesian hierarchical modelling, and geospatial mapping, were employed to evaluate risk trends. Machine learning algorithms forecasted emerging risks, while sensitivity analyses addressed potential data biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dermal fillers accounted for 42% of complications, chiefly granulomas, vascular occlusions, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Botulinum toxin A contributed 15% of cases, predominantly mild adverse effects such as headache, ptosis, and bruising. Thread lift procedures were marred by frequent extrusion and infection rates. The safest products were identified as Prabotulinumtoxin A, Juvéderm high-viscosity fillers, Profhilo, APTOS Light Lift, microneedling radiofrequency devices, Ultherapy, and EMFACE, each demonstrating > 85% safety probability. Predictive models highlighted escalating risks linked to unregulated therapies (e.g. exosomes), while geospatial analysis revealed stark regional disparities, with Asia reporting 34% of complications-attributed to medical tourism and variable oversight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While advancements like standardised complication registries and ultrasound-guided techniques herald progress, transformative measures are imperative. These include mandating adverse event reporting, harmonising global regulatory frameworks, and integrating AI-driven surveillance systems. The field must prioritise transparency, rigorous credentialling, and patient-centred ethics to ensure its evolution aligns with uncompromising safety standards.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Acupotomy Subcision and Nanofat Grafting in Depressed Scars Treatment.","authors":"Mei Qu, Tianqi Zhang, Miao Sun, Shan Zhang, Qiuyue Fu, Gang Chen, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04936-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04936-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the combined treatment of acupotomy subcision and Nanofat grafting in depressed scars.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients with moderate to severe depressed facial scars treated between November 2020 and April 2023. The treatment involved acupotomy subcutaneous scrape, followed by Nanofat injection. Clinical assessments included measurement of scar concavity using a 3D camera, the Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), and a skin analysis system to evaluate collagen and elastin levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a significant reduction in scar concavity from a mean of -0.90 ± 0.44 mm pre-treatment to -0.10 ± 0.18mm six months post-treatment. POSAS scores showed substantial improvements in scar esthetics at 6 months post-operation. There was also a significant increase in skin elasticity and a decrease in skin collagen levels following treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined application of acupotomy subcision and Nanofat grafting was effective in reducing the depression of depressed scars, leading to significant improvements in scar appearance and patient satisfaction. This approach offers a minimally invasive and effective treatment option for patients with depressed scars.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence v: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Utilizing Auricular Composite Grafts for Reconstruction of Nasal Ala Defects in Fitzpatrick Type III-V Indian Noses: Techniques and Outcomes.","authors":"Kapil Shriniwas Agrawal, Manan K Agrawal, Vidhi Mehta, Nilesh Shende, Prakhar Mathur, Sandeep Singla","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05064-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05064-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More Comfortable Enjoyment for Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: Optimization of Anesthesia Methods Using Stepwise Local Anesthesia Technique.","authors":"Man Fang, Bo Zhang, Wei Ding, GaoFeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05020-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05020-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Perceived pain during local anesthesia injections in double-eyelid blepharoplasty can be influenced by both the epinephrine concentration and local anesthetics components. This study aimed to explore a new stepwise local anesthesia method for upper eyelid blepharoplasty, utilizing ropivacaine mixed with lidocaine, stepwise increase in epinephrine concentration infiltration, and stepwise specific anesthesia application during two surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on a cohort of patients undergoing upper double-eyelid blepharoplasty, who were randomly divided into two distinct groups: conventional local anesthesia and stepwise anesthetic method. The operative perception pain (VAS), reflexive lacrimation, postoperative periorbital appearance, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 184 patients were included and randomized. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) of the stepwise local anesthesia group was significantly lower than control (T0-T5, all P < 0.001). Meanwhile as for the probability of reflexive lacrimation, stepwise local anesthesia group was lower than control method (P < 0.01). With regard to the periorbital appearance, there are significant differences between two groups in Day 7 at ecchymosis, erythema, and swelling (P < 0.05), and the stepwise local anesthesia method group was lower than control group. However, in 1 month there are no significant differences between two groups. The satisfaction of stepwise local anesthesia group was higher than control (P = 0.016).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, the stepwise local anesthesia technique employed in upper eyelid blepharoplasty demonstrates superior efficacy compared to conventional anesthesia. This technique effectively mitigates pain and immediate postoperative appearance, thereby resulting in heightened patient contentment and justifying its continued endorsement.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence i: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eyeballing the Masseter Muscle for Ultrasound Guided Botulinum Toxin A Injections.","authors":"Ahmet Furkan Çolak, Berkay Yalçınkaya, Murat Kara, Levent Özçakar","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05032-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05032-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Level of evidence v: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Perforation Technique and Dual-Target Fixation Technique in Double-Eyelid Blepharoplasty.","authors":"Wenjun Fan, Ning Dang, Zhijun Wang, Yang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05021-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05021-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article introduces a surgical approach that emphasizes minimizing the removal of pretarsal tissue to achieve a stable and dynamic upper eyelid morphology while effectively preventing concave scarring at the incision site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 338 Chinese patients underwent double-eyelid surgery using the double-fixed target point technique at our institution between May 2018 and December 2022. Pre-operative and post-operative follow-up photographs were taken and assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 338 patients, with 323 females and 15 males. Among them, 260 patients (76.9%) reported satisfaction, 59 patients (17.5%) reported being somewhat satisfied and 19 patients (5.6%) reported dissatisfaction. Complications recorded during the follow-up period included asymmetry of folds (n=17, 5.0%), partial disappearance of double-eyelid folds (n=8, 2.4%), and complete disappearance of double-eyelid folds (n=2, 0.6%). No reports of concave scars were documented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Double-fixed target point technique upper blepharoplasty can create stable upper eyelid folds. Utilizing the \"punch technique\" to preserve sufficient pretarsal tissue, in combination with the stacking of residual orbital septum, helps prevent the formation of concave scars, resulting in dynamic upper eyelid folds.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>'This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .'</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Foaming Technique: Innovation in Mixing Calcium Hydroxylapatite Applied in Hybrid Filler.","authors":"Nabil Fakih-Gomez, Jonathan Kadouch, Íñigo Aragón-Niño, Gladstone Faria, Gilberto Sanchez, Nadine Hagedorn, Ewelina Kaczuba, Cristina Muñoz-Gonzalez","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05055-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05055-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hyaluronic acid (HA) and calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) are commonly used in nonsurgical aesthetic procedures. This study introduces a novel mixing technique, the foaming technique, aimed at enhancing the homogeneity and distribution of hybrid fillers containing CaHA and HA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study, conducted by five expert injectors between January 2022 and January 2024, evaluates the clinical outcomes and microscopic characteristics of the foaming technique. The technique involves premixing CaHA, HA, and lidocaine and subjecting the mixture to repeated negative pressure suctions to create foam, followed by additional mixing passes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study, conducted between January 2022 and January 2024, treated 1559 patients with hybrid fillers using the foaming technique and revealed no adverse events. Electron microscopy analysis highlighted distinct characteristics of the filler samples (1-CaHA; 2-CaHA, CPM-HA, and lidocaine without foaming; and 3-CaHA, CPM-HA, and lidocaine with foaming), showing a more homogeneous mixture when the foaming technique was applied. Sonography further elucidated unique imaging patterns influenced by the presence of foam, indicative of well-defined borders and the presence of a ring-down artifact. Conversely, in the absence of foam, the imaging typically revealed a band-like product with a less defined border.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The foaming technique demonstrates improved homogeneity and distribution of the premixed hybrid filler, along with the absence of adverse events and smoother particle surfaces observed in electron microscopy samples. Sonography further corroborated these findings, revealing a more uniform pattern with the foam, thereby influencing imaging characteristics. This technique signifies a significant advancement in optimizing hybrid filler applications.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Relevance of Skin Tightening with Minimally Invasive Subdermal Energy-Based (EB) Technologies.","authors":"Bishara Atiyeh, George Greige, Marwan Hajjar, Celine Rabay, Saif Emsieh","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-05022-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-05022-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Skin retraction and tightening are essential cornerstones of facial rejuvenation and body contouring. Retraction depends on skin recoil secondary to volume reduction, while tightening results from active contraction of dermal and subdermal collagen fibers and activation of the healing process promoting neocollagenesis and neoelastinogenesis. Use of energy-based (EB) technologies including lasers, ultrasound, monopolar and bipolar radiofrequency (RF), and plasma/RF is becoming increasingly frequent for aesthetic interventions. The current review is intended to critically analyze their reported outcomes and determine their clinical relevance regarding skin retraction and tightening.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted across the MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A limited number of clinical studies about each of percutaneous EB technologies were identified. Studies provide low-level evidence for skin tightening, and very few describe objective measurement with supporting documentation. Furthermore, most studies do not differentiate retraction due to volume reduction from actual improvement in skin biomechanical characteristics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although histologically significant outcomes have been demonstrated, clinically evident skin tightening with EB devices remains poorly measured and documented. Effective skin laxity correction and true long-term skin tightening are the result of reparative healing of a superficial dermo-subdermal injury, be it thermal or mechanical. Further studies are needed to determine the most effective device or modality able to induce a superficial injury capable of triggering the most intense flat scar contracture. Determining maximal potential of this natural biologic phenomenon is also necessary for selection of patients that would benefit most from minimally invasive interventions.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144504472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}