Aesthetic Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of At-Home Light-Emitting Diode Photobiomodulation for Facial Rejuvenation: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rishub K Das, Wesley P Thayer, Carrie A Kubiak, Susan Orra, Lauren M Connor, Galen Perdikis","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06333-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06333-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Photobiomodulation using light-emitting diode (LED) devices has gained popularity for facial rejuvenation. Evidence supporting the safety and efficacy of at-home devices remains fragmented. We aimed to summarize the existing literature evaluating the clinical effectiveness and safety of at-home LED photobiomodulation devices for facial rejuvenation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of MEDLINE/PubMed was conducted for relevant clinical studies, following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort or split-face studies evaluating at-home LED devices for facial rejuvenation were included; studies of in-office devices, laser-based systems, or preclinical models were excluded. Data on wavelength, treatment regimen, clinical outcomes, and adverse events were extracted from each study. Objective and subjective measures of facial aging, including wrinkles, skin elasticity, smoothness, hydration, pore size, and patient-reported cosmetic satisfaction were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies comprising 365 participants met inclusion criteria. Treatment wavelengths ranged from 440 to 1072 nm, with red and near-infrared light most commonly used. Across studies, at-home LED therapy was associated with statistically significant improvements in multiple clinical features of facial aging, including wrinkles, skin texture, elasticity, and periorbital rhytids, along with high patient satisfaction. Adverse events were infrequent, mild, and transient.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At-home LED photobiomodulation devices appear to be safe and effective for improving facial aging parameters, particularly those emitting red and near-infrared wavelengths. However, variability in treatment protocols, limited comparative data, and underrepresentation of diverse skin phenotypes highlight the need for larger, standardized, and comparative trials to define their role in evidence-based care.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence i: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Perioperative Infection Management Measures (PSMS-11) for ePTFE Rhinoplasty in East Asian Patients: A Large-Sample, Long-Term Retrospective Study.","authors":"Kemin Yi, Xiaoting Li, Xiancheng Wang, Pei Zou, Yang Sun, Xiang Xiong, Xianxi Meng, Wenbo Li, Zhongjie Yi, Zhihua Qiao","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06292-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06292-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has been widely utilized in east Asian rhinoplasty due to its favorable stability and biocompatibility. However, postoperative infection which is one of the major complications affecting surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction presents receive much concern. Evidence based on large cohorts with long-term follow-up in this population remains limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 1153 consecutive patients who underwent ePTFE rhinoplasty at our institution from January 2018 to December 2024 was performed. We compared Demographics, surgical techniques, and postoperative outcomes between infected and non-infected cases to identify risk factors for infection. Based on literature review and accumulated clinical experience, a perioperative systematic management strategy-11 Decision Nodes (PSMS-11) was applied consistently in routine practice. Infection characteristics, management approaches, and long-term outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative infection occurred in a small proportion of patients, with an overall incidence of approximately 1.6% during long-term follow-up. Notably, more than half of infection events presented beyond six months after surgery, including late-onset cases occurring more than one year postoperatively. Revision surgery, active skin inflammation, smoking history, and unfavorable postoperative behaviors were associated with increased infection risk. Early localized infections could be considered for conservative management under close surveillance, whereas persistent or progressive infections required implant removal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large-sample, long-term retrospective study of East Asian patients, a consistently low infection rate was observed following ePTFE rhinoplasty. These findings suggest that structured integration of perioperative management measures, as summarized by PSMS-11, may contribute to maintaining low infection rates in high-volume clinical practice. Long-term follow-up and individualized treatment decisions remain essential.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Non-Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Composite Solution Injection for Skin Condition Improvement: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Evaluator-Blinded, Blank-Controlled Superiority Trial.","authors":"Wenjiang Qian, Yi Zhang, Yaqi Wei, Xuejie Gao, Zhongyang Sun, Jinping Ding, Shiwei Bao, Rongxin Ren, Xinling Zhang, Hongyi Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06320-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06320-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minimally invasive injectable therapies, including multi-component sodium hyaluronate composite formulations designed to improve skin quality through biological support of the dermal microenvironment, have gained increasing clinical interest, yet robust large-scale clinical evidence remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of an injectable sodium hyaluronate composite solution for improving overall skin quality and appearance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, blank-controlled, superiority clinical trial involving 561 subjects, who were randomly assigned to either the treatment group or the control group. The primary efficacy endpoint was improvement in skin appearance as evaluated by investigators using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Secondary endpoints included multidimensional assessments of skin quality parameters as well as subject-reported satisfaction. Safety was assessed through the incidence and severity of adverse events and serious adverse events throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The GAIS improvement rate was markedly higher in the treatment group compared with the control group (90.00% vs. 11.90%, P < 0.0001), and this superiority was consistently observed across different analysis populations. Secondary efficacy measures further demonstrated significant improvements in skin quality and high levels of subject satisfaction in the treatment group. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate, transient, and localized, with no unexpected safety signals identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The injectable sodium hyaluronate composite solution demonstrated significant efficacy in enhancing skin appearance and overall skin quality, with a favorable and well-tolerated safety profile. These findings support its clinical application as a minimally invasive option for skin rejuvenation.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence i: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine Ratings, please refer to Table of Contents or online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Vector Analysis in Deep Plane Rhytidectomy: Evaluating Combined Horizontal and Oblique SMAS Fixation Strategies in Face and Neck Lifting.","authors":"Fatih Cinar","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06377-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06377-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Deep plane rhytidectomy provides effective rejuvenation by repositioning surgical superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS). However, the optimal vector strategy for facial and cervical fixation remains unclear. This study aimed to compare the aesthetic outcomes of four combined SMAS fixation vector strategies-horizontal and oblique-in face and neck lifting using FACE-Q and WSRS analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients who underwent deep plane rhytidectomy between September 2022 and April 2024. The patients were equally divided into four groups: facelift with horizontal and neck lift with horizontal fixation (Group A), facelift with horizontal and neck lift with oblique fixation (Group B), facelift with oblique and neck lift with oblique fixation (Group C), and facelift with oblique and neck lift with horizontal fixation (Group D). All procedures followed a standardized deep plane approach, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated at 6 months using the FACE-Q questionnaire and the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). Statistical comparisons were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD post-hoc test, with a p value < 0.05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group D (face-oblique + neck-horizontal) demonstrated significantly higher FACE-Q scores (88.4 ± 3.9) and greater WSRS improvement (mean reduction 2.4 ± 0.6 points) compared to Groups A, B, and C (p < 0.01). No significant differences were observed among Groups A-C for either FACE-Q or WSRS. No major complications occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A differential vector approach-oblique fixation for the face and horizontal fixation for the neck-yields superior patient satisfaction and wrinkle severity reduction. Combining FACE-Q and WSRS outcomes confirms that tailored vector planning by anatomical region optimizes both subjective and objective results in deep plane rhytidectomy.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diluted and Hyperdiluted Calcium Hydroxylapatite/Carboxymethylcellulose as a Technique Platform: A Narrative Review with Practical Taxonomy, Injection Mapping, and Safety.","authors":"Jui-Yu Lin, Chuan-Yuan Lin","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06378-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06378-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Calcium hydroxylapatite in a carboxymethylcellulose carrier (CaHA/CMC; Radiesse®) has evolved from a primarily volumizing implant to a biostimulatory platform increasingly used in diluted and hyperdiluted forms for skin tightening and quality improvement across facial and extra-facial sites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This narrative review provides an author-curated synthesis of clinically relevant experimental studies, clinical investigations, and consensus statements addressing diluted and hyperdiluted CaHA/CMC. Targeted searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar (January 2016-December 2025; English language) were performed, supplemented by reference-list and citation-trail screening. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively because substantial heterogeneity existed among treatment applications, preparation protocols, injection techniques, and outcome measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review organizes heterogeneous protocols into a descriptive preparation taxonomy linked to handling characteristics and clinical intent (Table 1), an anatomy-based injection map specifying plane, device, dispersion geometry, and reported dilution tiers (Table 2), and a summary of combination-treatment paradigms highlighting sequencing and preparation variables (Table 3). Safety considerations are summarized using a technique-focused prevention and a triage-oriented management framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diluted and hyperdiluted CaHA/CMC represent a tunable approach for balancing structural support and wide-field biostimulation. The proposed taxonomy and injection mapping provide a descriptive framework for organizing current evidence and clinical practices. However, because available evidence remains heterogeneous and predominantly consists of prospective pilots, retrospective cohorts, case series, and consensus recommendations, these frameworks should be interpreted as descriptive tools rather than validated treatment algorithms.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Beyond Scar Length: Long-Term Lower Pole Stability in Short-Scar Mammaplasty\".","authors":"Pedro Lucas Machado Magalhães, Bernardo Gabriele Collaco, Bernardo Gonçalves Bastian Pinto","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06337-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06337-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Method for Creating Lower-Lid Pretarsal Fullness by Fixation of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle-Wrapped Fascia-Fat Flap to the Tarsal Plate.","authors":"Tibiao He, Wei Ding, Gaofeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06323-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06323-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of orbicularis oculi muscle-wrapped fascia-fat flap fixed to the tarsal plate in creating the pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelids.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 213 patients who underwent lower pretarsal augmentation surgery between November 2022 and December 2024. The surgical procedure involved wrapping of fascia-fat flap by orbicularis oculi muscle, followed by fixation to the tarsal plate. After surgery, patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Clinical outcomes, including the contour of the pretarsal fullness of the lower eyelids and patient satisfaction, were evaluated. The occurrence of complications such as hematomas, scarring, infection, trichiasis, lower eyelid retraction, and ectropion were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study comprised 5 males and 208 females, with an age range of 20-50 years. Sutures were removed at 7 days after surgery in all patients. The contour of the pretarsal fullness was good, with complete eyelid closure. At 3- and 6-month follow-up, the pretarsal fullness appeared natural, without the occurrence of lower eyelid retraction or incomplete eyelid closure. Depressed scars were not found at the incision site. Among the 213 patients included, 195 were satisfied with the results, 18 were basically satisfied, and none were dissatisfied, yielding a satisfaction rate of 91.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Fixation of orbicularis oculi muscle-wrapped fascia-fat flap to the tarsal plate is effective in creating both static and dynamic pretarsal fullness, yielding excellent clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>Eyelid Surgery. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refining Levator Plication Formulas for Ptosis Surgery in Asian Patients: Impact of Fatty Degeneration in Levator Aponeurosis.","authors":"Chen-Yu Ho, Sheng-Hua Wu, I-Wen Lin, Chung-Shen Lai, Shu-Hung Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06369-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06369-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blepharoptosis correction often relies on established levator aponeurosis (LA) plication formulas, yet their applicability across all clinical scenarios remains uncertain. Fatty degeneration of the LA may significantly alter surgical response. This study analyzes ptosis cases stratified by four grades of fatty infiltration to evaluate the adequacy of existing formulas and identify when modification is necessary.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 100 eyelids from 51 patients undergoing levator aponeurosis (LA) plication for upper eyelid ptosis. The cohort mostly comprised acquired aponeurotic ptosis, alongside a few congenital and mechanical cases treated with the same LA plication approach. Cases treated with frontalis-orbicularis oculi muscle (FOOM) flap or simple resection were excluded. Preoperative MRD1, ptosis grade, and levator function (LF) were recorded. Intraoperative LA fatty degeneration was graded using standardized photography, with plication adjustments made accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 30.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 51 Taiwanese patients (100 eyelids), all of whom were of Asian ethnicity, with a mean age of 48.1 ± 15.7 years; 88 eyelids (88.0%) were from female patients and 12 (12.0%) from male patients. The mean preoperative MRD1 was 1.80 ± 1.29 mm, corresponding to a mean ptosis severity of 2.20 mm (defined as 4 - MRD1), and the mean LF was 9.97 ± 2.97 mm. Among conventional formulas, the 2n + 2 algorithm showed the best calibration (mean absolute error 1.68 mm; ± 1 mm accuracy 57%). Fatty degeneration grades 1-3 showed no significant deviation from predicted outcomes, whereas grade 4 required greater advancement. A simplified two-level model (grades 1-3: 2n + 2; grade 4: 3n) improved overall accuracy to 58% and increased ±1 mm accuracy in grade 4 cases from 66.7 to 83.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A two-level model algorithm incorporating intraoperative fatty-degeneration grading may help refine traditional levator-plication planning, maintaining simplicity while improving predictability and symmetry in severe aponeurotic ptosis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to \"Comment on: Unveiling Upper-Limb Dysfunction Early After Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction: Insights from a Retrospective Cohort Study\".","authors":"Elisa Andrenelli, Matteo Torresetti, Marianna Capecci, Giovanni Di Benedetto, Maria Gabriella Ceravolo","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06386-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06386-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149165090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging in Postoperative Volumetric Assessment of Implant-Only and Composite Breast Augmentation.","authors":"Isil Akgun Demir, Naci Celik, Sevgili Kurt","doi":"10.1007/s00266-026-06356-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-026-06356-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging is better validated for postoperative volume assessment in implant-only augmentation than in composite breast augmentation (CBA). In CBA, the extent to which anatomical features and biological variability contribute to volumetric deviation remains insufficiently defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 94 patients (188 breasts) who underwent either implant-only augmentation (Group 0) or composite augmentation with fat grafting (Group 1). Breast volumes were measured with the Vectra XT system preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Net postoperative volume gain was compared with implant volume, and both signed and absolute volumetric deviations were calculated. Mixed-effects and generalized estimating equation models were used to identify factors associated with deviation magnitude and direction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six-month postoperative breast volume was greater in the composite group than in the implant-only group (p = 0.0186). Signed volumetric deviation was significantly more negative in composite cases (p < 0.001). A net volume gain smaller than implant volume was observed in 20.9% of composite breasts and 48.0% of implant-only breasts (p < 0.001). Among breasts with a net gain smaller than implant volume, the median deviation magnitude was similar in both groups, at approximately 22 mL. Greater breast base width was independently associated with increased absolute volumetric deviation (p = 0.005), whereas intersternal distance influenced deviation direction but not deviation magnitude. Postoperative BMI change was also independently associated with signed volumetric deviation (p < 0.001). Agreement between 3- and 6-month measurements was high (ICC = 0.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vectra XT showed stable postoperative volumetric tracking after implant-only breast augmentation and may also be useful for follow-up assessment in composite cases. In composite augmentation, variations from the theoretically expected volume appear to reflect biological variability in fat graft retention and anatomical footprint rather than instability of the imaging system.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}