Aesthetic Plastic Surgery最新文献

{"title":"The Depth of the Facial Artery, Meta-analysis.","authors":"Mateusz Trzeciak, Patryk Ostrowski, Tomasz Gładysz, Wojciech Przybycień, Joe Iwanaga, Mateusz Koziej, Jerzy Walocha","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04833-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04833-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The depth of the facial artery (FA) probably is the most crucial factor while performing aesthetic procedures. The course of FA varies on different levels. The knowledge of exact depth can help physicians to locate the FA more accurately, thereby enhancing the safety of filler injections. This research is the first meta-analysis focused on the quantitative comparison of depth on five different levels of facial artery including angular artery.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twelve research papers were included in the meta-analysis. The analyses were performed in five distinctive places: (1) on the horizontal level of cheilion, (2) between oral commissure and nasal alae, (3) on the horizontal level of nasal alae, (4) between nasal alae and medial eye canthus and (5) on the horizontal level of medial eye canthus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 794, 514, 1095, 414 and 450 arteries were analyzed at the following horizontal levels, respectively: at the level of cheilion, between the nasal alae and oral commissure, at the level of nasal alae, between the nasal alae and medial eye canthus and at the level of medial eye canthus. The final results were as follows: 9.72, 95% CI (6.50-12.94) [mm], 10.34, 95% CI (5.24-15.44) [mm], 9.21, 95% CI (7.05-11.38) [mm], 4.68, 95% CI (4.04-5.31) [mm] and 2.38, 95% CI (1.38-3.38) [mm], respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It appears that performing filler injections up to a depth of 4.5 mm, superficially to the facial artery, is considered safe at the level of the oral commissure. The depth between nasal alae and oral commissure varies significantly. A USG exam during the initial consultation prior to any aesthetic procedure might be a reasonable solution in the upper parts of the nasolabial fold.</p><p><strong>No level assigned: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Approach to Upper Body Shaping: Long Time Results.","authors":"Huseyin Emre Ulukaya, Sabri Ozturk, Kamuran Zeynep Sevim, Burak Tunahan Ekincikli","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04795-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04795-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the frequency of bariatric procedures rises, so does the demand for breast contouring operations. Massive weight loss results in ptotic breasts that are challenging to shape. However, concentrating solely on the breasts in the upper body leads to a state of imbalance. In this study, we aimed to add additional volume to the breast tissue by utilizing the lateral chest folds/back folds with combined upper body lifting procedures and show the long-term results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January 2018 and June 2024, 24 patients presented to our clinic with a complaint of breast deformity due to massive weight loss. They were evaluated as a whole. Upper body lift and autoaugmentation mastopexy with a lateral thoracic region perforators-based flap were planned in a single stage. Dorsal soft tissue was also utilized for autoaugmentation in selected patients. The viability of the extended dorsal flaps was examined with the intraoperative indocyanine green angiography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The body contouring surgery was performed an average of 2.2 years after bariatric surgery. Autoaugmentation with extended fasciocutaneous flap procedures was performed in combination with other upper body lifting procedures according to the patient's needs. The postoperative follow-up period was 1 month to 5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In postbariatric patients, focusing only on the breast leads to aesthetic disharmony in the upper body. Using subcutaneous tissue in the autologous augmentation method eliminates sagging in the upper body and provides the desired volume to ptotic breasts. The five-year follow-up results demonstrate that this method provides long-lasting, satisfying results with minimal complications.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL): A Bibliometric Analysis of Publication Trends.","authors":"Edoardo Caimi, Stefano Vaccari, Valeriano Vinci","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04845-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04845-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has become a significant concern in plastic surgery, particularly following the 2019 recall of Allergan macro-textured implants. While research has addressed its epidemiology and management, a comprehensive analysis of global publication trends is lacking. This study provides a bibliometric evaluation of the scientific literature on BIA-ALCL, identifying key contributors, research trends, and emerging areas of interest.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Web of Science Core Collection to retrieve English-languagepublications on BIA-ALCL from 1995 to 2024. Bibliometric indicators, including publication trends, authorship, country contributions, institutional affiliations, and citation impact, were analyzed. VOSviewer 1.6.20 was used for keyword co-occurrence and cluster analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,148 publications were identified, with a sharp increase after 2018. The United States contributed the most research (43.81%), followed by Italy, England, Australia, and Brazil. Cluster analysis revealed four thematic areas: clinical presentation and risk factors, diagnostic strategies, epidemiology and treatment, and etiological hypotheses. The most cited article was Keech et al. (1997), documenting an early case of BIA-ALCL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This bibliometric analysis highlights the increasing research focus on implant surface characterization, disease etiology, and patient management. These findings provide valuable insights into the evolution of BIA-ALCL literature and may inform future research and clinical decision-making in plastic surgery.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence v: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Answer to: Commentary on \"Can AI Answer My Questions? Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in the Perioperative Assessment for Abdominoplasty Patients\".","authors":"Roberto Cuomo, Ishith Seth, Warren Matthew Rozen","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04812-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04812-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors respond to the Commentary on \"Can AI Answer My Questions? Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in the Perioperative Assessment for Abdominoplasty Patients\" by analyzing the insights proposed by the authors. AI is already being utilized in various surgical aspects, including patient assessment, surgical planning, and intraoperative decision-making.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyaluronic Acid Filler for Deltoid Augmentation in a Male Patient.","authors":"Kyu-Ho Yi, Jovian Wan","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04846-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04846-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective Study of Exosome Therapy for Androgenetic Alopecia.","authors":"Jovian Wan, Soo-Bin Kim, Hugues Cartier, Sebastien Garson, Konstantin Frank, Diala Haykal, Kyu-Ho Yi","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04817-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04817-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts patients' psychological well-being and quality of life. Traditional treatments, such as minoxidil and finasteride, have limited efficacy and undesirable side effects. Exosome therapy, which uses extracellular vesicles to promote tissue regeneration, offers a promising alternative. This study evaluates the effectiveness of exosome therapy combined with microneedling (MTS) for treating AGA.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the efficacy of exosome therapy in promoting hair regrowth in patients with AGA following microneedling treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, open-label study included 16 male patients aged 36-45 years with mild to moderate AGA. Microneedling was performed on the scalp followed by the application of exosome topical therapy (ZISHEL XOMAGE, Zishel Bio Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea). Hair density and patient satisfaction were evaluated through clinical assessments and photographic documentation at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Side effects were also monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the 12-month follow-up, the average increase in hair density was 35 hairs/cm², with a standard deviation of 6.5 hairs/cm². Baseline hair densities ranged from 75 hairs/cm² to 95 hairs/cm², with improvements observed in all patients. Patient satisfaction was high, with 80% of participants reporting noticeable improvements in hair regrowth and 87% indicating satisfaction or high satisfaction with the results. Mild side effects, including scalp tenderness and slight irritation, were reported but resolved within 48 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exosome therapy, in combination with microneedling, offers a promising non-surgical treatment for AGA, demonstrating significant improvements in hair regrowth and patient satisfaction. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-up periods are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of this approach.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors https://www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability to Breastfeed After Breast Reduction.","authors":"Valerie C Nemov, William West, Padma Vasanthakumar, Nicole K Le, Kristen Whalen, Bri Anne McKeon, Deniz Dayicioglu","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04791-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04791-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast reduction surgery is increasingly performed in reproductive age women, raising concerns for potential breastfeeding implications. We evaluated breastfeeding outcomes in patients that underwent reduction mammaplasty with one of three pedicle types and subsequently conceived and delivered at our institution. The primary objective was to determine the impact of reduction mammaplasty on breastfeeding success. The secondary objective was to explore other factors influencing breastfeeding success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty patients were included. Patients' charts were queried for demographics, comorbidities, pregnancy outcomes, and surgical details. The independent samples T test was utilized to analyze continuous variables. The Pearson's Chi-squared or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the twenty patients who attempted breastfeeding after reduction mammaplasty in the study's timeframe, 11 (55%) were successful. Breastfeeding success was not significantly affected by the type of pedicle chosen for the procedure, the tissue excision weight, age at breast reduction, time between surgery and pregnancy, age at pregnancy, BMI, smoking status, chronic hypertension, pre-gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, delivery method, or neonatal birthweight. Delivering a small for gestational age infant significantly reduced the chance of breastfeeding success (p=0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In our study, the ability to breastfeed was not significantly affected by a history of breast reduction surgery, regardless of pedicle type, tissue excision weight, or demographic factors. OBGYNs and plastic surgeons should engage in shared decision making with potential surgical patients and counsel them that while the literature is overall reassuring, there is a potential impact on breastfeeding ability given that milk-producing breast parenchyma will have been removed.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Costal Surgery for Waist Improvement Safety and Efficacy: A Systematic Review of the Literature.","authors":"Stefan Danilla, Tomás González-Arestizábal","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04815-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04815-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body contouring surgery has gained increasing popularity. Waist reduction has become central to body contouring, particularly in Latin America, where hip stylization is a beauty standard. This systematic review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of costal cosmetic surgery for waistline improvement and to assess the quality of the evidence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Search Methods for Study Identification: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and other databases using the following keywords: \"Removal rib,\" \"Remodeling Rib,\" \"Waist narrowing,\" \"Waist-hip ratio,\" \"Body contouring,\" \"Aesthetic surgery,\" \"Plastic surgery\" and \"Complications.\"</p><p><strong>Selection of studies: </strong>We included all studies regarding surgery on the ribs with the aim of improve (narrow) the waist for cosmetic purposes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 161 studies identified, 8 met inclusion criteria. Most studies were retrospective case series, with two being multicentric. A total of 444 participants were included, predominantly women. Five studies involved costal remodeling, and three performed costal resection. Anthropometric outcomes were reported in 6 studies. Complications included pain, pneumothorax and wound dehiscence. Follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 6 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While rib resection and remodeling appear to be safe techniques, their long-term efficacy remains uncertain. Studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up are needed to establish robust evidence.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iii: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Effectiveness of Various Fixation Methods for Auricular Prostheses.","authors":"Sergo Hovhannisyan, Karen Mashinyan, Mikayel Ordoyan, Armen Harutyunyan, Anna Poghosyan, Gagik Hakobyan","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04826-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04826-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The absence of an intact auricle can lead to both functional impairments and psychological distress, prompting individuals to withdraw from social interactions. Consequently, there is a pressing need for functional and aesthetic rehabilitation in these patients to restore their psychosocial well-being. When surgical reconstruction is not optimal, an auricular prosthesis can be fabricated and fixed with glue to the skin or with a magnetic fixation on osteointegrated implants.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This comparative study aims to evaluate the efficacy of auricle defect restoration using prostheses with adhesive fixation to the skin and magnetic fixation on implants inserted into the mastoid processes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen patients (eight men and six women, average age 42 years) were included in the study. Among them, 12 patients had unilateral auricle defects, while two patients presented bilateral defects. The causes of auricle defects were predominantly traumatic (12 cases), with two cases attributed to congenital factors. Patients were stratified into two groups: Group 1, comprised six patients, in whom the auricular prosthesis was fixated to the skin using a biological adhesive (glue) and Group 2 consisted of eight patients, in whom the auricular prosthesis was retention osseointegrated implants inserted into the mastoid processes of the temporal bone. In Group 2, five cases were rehabilitated with prostheses featuring magnetic fixation, while the remaining three cases utilized prostheses with attachment fixation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the observation period ranging from six months to three years, none of the patients in group 2 encountered implant-related issues such as poor osseointegration or wound healing complications. Overall, all patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment outcomes, citing the relatively short hospital stay and less invasive nature of the procedure compared to alternative treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Implant-retained auricular prostheses present a favorable treatment option characterized by excellent retention and high patient satisfaction. In contrast, prostheses fixed with adhesives pose several drawbacks, including skin irritation, dermatitis, and the potential for deformation of the auricular prostheses, presenting significant challenges for both patients and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunohistochemical Analysis of Nanofat Membrane, Solid PRF, and Stromal Vascular Fraction Gel.","authors":"Nabil Fakih-Gomez, Shahriar Nazari, Fatemeh Azadi, Mohammad Reza Pourani, Paula Martin-Marfil","doi":"10.1007/s00266-025-04798-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00266-025-04798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and nanofat have emerged as promising autologous biomaterials in tissue regeneration and facial rejuvenation. Both serve as vehicles for cellular growth factors that promote wound healing and tissue remodeling. This study aims to investigate the presence of endothelial and stem cell markers in nanofat membranes through immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eleven patients (nine women, two men) with a mean age of 36.82 ± 5.79 were included in this case-series study. Tissue samples were obtained using a mixture of nanofat and injectable PRF, with two different concentration ratios (2:1 and 1:1), in addition to solid PRF and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) gel membrane for comparison. The samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde, processed into paraffin blocks, and sectioned (2-5 μm). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using markers CD31 (endothelial cells), CD34 (hematopoietic and adipose-derived stem cells, and endothelial cells), CD163 (macrophages), ERG (endothelial marker), S100 (adipocyte marker), and CD10 (adipose-derived stem cells). Histopathologic examination evaluated endothelial and stem cell presence as well as macrophage infiltration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histopathological analysis revealed fragmented adipose tissue with vascular proliferation, as well as platelet and fibrin deposition. Immunohistochemical staining showed the presence of endothelial markers (CD31: 36.82%, CD34: 22.73%, ERG: 19.09%) in the nanofat membrane, indicating vascularization. CD163 staining highlighted macrophages, although they were sparse in the nanofat membrane (<1% of cells). The SVF gel membrane exhibited substantial platelet aggregation but lacked evidence of cellular differentiation. CD34 staining confirmed the presence of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), though in lower-than-expected quantities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the presence of endothelial cells and limited macrophages within the nanofat membranes, suggesting potential for vascular neoformation and tissue remodeling. However, the lack of detection of significant adipose-derived stem cells highlights the need for more advanced immunohistochemical markers to fully evaluate regenerative potential. The nanofat membrane provides a viable scaffold for tissue regeneration, with further research needed to optimize protocols for enhanced clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence iv: </strong>This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors   www.springer.com/00266 .</p>","PeriodicalId":7609,"journal":{"name":"Aesthetic Plastic Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}