American journal of physical anthropology最新文献_第5页

Uses and limitations of genetic data relating to Athapaskan migrations: a reply to Seymour. 与阿萨帕斯坎人迁徙有关的遗传数据的用途和局限性:对西摩的答复。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21130

Ripan S Malhi, Kari B Schroeder, Brian M Kemp

{"title":"Uses and limitations of genetic data relating to Athapaskan migrations: a reply to Seymour.","authors":"Ripan S Malhi, Kari B Schroeder, Brian M Kemp","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21130","url":null,"abstract":"We appreciate a number of the points that Seymour (2009) makes in her article, ‘‘Comments on genetic data relating to Athapaskan migrations: Implications of the Malhi et al. study for the Apache and Navajo.’’ As molecular anthropologists, we are aware that treating individuals sampled from linguistic or cultural groups as representatives of biological populations is an imperfect approximation to sampling biological populations. Moreover, as Seymour points out, it is dangerous to assume that a limited sampling from a subgroup is representative of the group as a whole, and we should have been more cautious about making inferences regarding all of Southern Athapaskan prehistory from a limited sample of the Navajo and Apache. We also agree with Seymour that, undoubtedly, our research would have benefited from closer interactions with archaeologists and/or Native Americans in the Southwest or Subarctic. Collecting genetic samples from Native American communities to investigate population prehistory can be a formidable challenge, because of the history of coloniza","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"203-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21130","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28371808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effects of lactation and infant care on adult energy budgets in wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus). 哺乳和婴儿护理对野生象鼻猴成年能量收支的影响。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21069

Susan Lappan

{"title":"The effects of lactation and infant care on adult energy budgets in wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus).","authors":"Susan Lappan","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21069","url":null,"abstract":"In mammals with biparental care of offspring, males and females may bear substantial energetic costs of reproduction. Adult strategies to reduce energetic stress include changes in activity patterns, reduced basal metabolic rates, and storage of energy prior to a reproductive attempt. I quantified patterns of behavior in five groups of wild siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) to detect periods of high energetic investment by adults and to examine the relationships between infant care and adult activity patterns. For females, the estimated costs of lactation peaked at around infant age 4-6 months and were low by infant age 1 year, whereas the estimated costs of infant-carrying peaked between ages 7 and 12 months, and approached zero by age 16 months. There was a transition from primarily female to male care in the second year of life in some groups. Females spent significantly less time feeding during lactation than during the later stages of infant care, suggesting that female siamangs do not use increased food intake to offset the costs of lactation. Female feeding time was highest between infant ages 16 and 21 months, a period of relatively low female investment in the current offspring that coincided with the period of highest male investment in infant care. This suggests that male care may reduce the costs of infant care for females in the later stages of a reproductive attempt. The female energy gain resulting from male care was likely invested in somatic maintenance and future reproduction, rather than the current offspring.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"290-301"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28114170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

Size variation in early human mandibles and molars from Klasies River, South Africa: comparison with other middle and late Pleistocene assemblages and with modern humans. 南非克拉西斯河早期人类下颌骨和臼齿的大小变化:与其他中晚更新世组合和现代人类的比较。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21071

Danielle F Royer, Charles A Lockwood, Jeremiah E Scott, Frederick E Grine

{"title":"Size variation in early human mandibles and molars from Klasies River, South Africa: comparison with other middle and late Pleistocene assemblages and with modern humans.","authors":"Danielle F Royer, Charles A Lockwood, Jeremiah E Scott, Frederick E Grine","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21071","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies of the Middle Stone Age human remains from Klasies River have concluded that they exhibited more sexual dimorphism than extant populations, but these claims have not been assessed statistically. We evaluate these claims by comparing size variation in the best-represented elements at the site, namely the mandibular corpora and M(2)s, to that in samples from three recent human populations using resampling methods. We also examine size variation in these same elements from seven additional middle and late Pleistocene sites: Skhūl, Dolní Vestonice, Sima de los Huesos, Arago, Krapina, Shanidar, and Vindija. Our results demonstrate that size variation in the Klasies assemblage was greater than in recent humans, consistent with arguments that the Klasies people were more dimorphic than living humans. Variation in the Skhūl, Dolní Vestonice, and Sima de los Huesos mandibular samples is also higher than in the recent human samples, indicating that the Klasies sample was not unusual among middle and late Pleistocene hominins. In contrast, the Neandertal samples (Krapina, Shanidar, and Vindija) do not evince relatively high mandibular and molar variation, which may indicate that the level of dimorphism in Neandertals was similar to that observed in extant humans. These results suggest that the reduced levels of dimorphism in Neandertals and living humans may have developed independently, though larger fossil samples are needed to test this hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"312-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28197619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Modern human cranial diversity in the Late Pleistocene of Africa and Eurasia: evidence from Nazlet Khater, Peştera cu Oase, and Hofmeyr. 非洲和欧亚大陆更新世晚期的现代人类头骨多样性：来自Nazlet Khater、Peştera cu Oase和Hofmeyr的证据。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21080

Isabelle Crevecoeur, Hélène Rougier, Frederick Grine, Alain Froment

{"title":"Modern human cranial diversity in the Late Pleistocene of Africa and Eurasia: evidence from Nazlet Khater, Peştera cu Oase, and Hofmeyr.","authors":"Isabelle Crevecoeur, Hélène Rougier, Frederick Grine, Alain Froment","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21080","url":null,"abstract":"The origin and evolutionary history of modern humans is of considerable interest to paleoanthropologists and geneticists alike. Paleontological evidence suggests that recent humans originated and expanded from an African lineage that may have undergone demographic crises in the Late Pleistocene according to archaeological and genetic data. This would suggest that extant human populations derive from, and perhaps sample a restricted part of the genetic and morphological variation that was present in the Late Pleistocene. Crania that date to Marine Isotope Stage 3 should yield information pertaining to the level of Late Pleistocene human phenotypic diversity and its evolution in modern humans. The Nazlet Khater (NK) and Hofmeyr (HOF) crania from Egypt and South Africa, together with penecontemporaneous specimens from the Peştera cu Oase in Romania, permit preliminary assessment of variation among modern humans from geographically disparate regions at this time. Morphometric and morphological comparisons with other Late Pleistocene modern human specimens, and with 23 recent human population samples, reveal that elevated levels of variation are present throughout the Late Pleistocene. Comparison of Holocene and Late Pleistocene craniometric variation through resampling analyses supports hypotheses derived from genetic data suggesting that present phenotypic variation may represent only a restricted part of Late Pleistocene human diversity. The Nazlet Khater, Hofmeyr, and Oase specimens provide a unique glimpse of that diversity.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"347-58"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28159661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Age estimation of archaeological remains using amino acid racemization in dental enamel: a comparison of morphological, biochemical, and known ages-at-death. 利用牙釉质中氨基酸外消旋作用对考古遗骸的年龄估计:形态学、生化和已知死亡年龄的比较。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21058

R C Griffin, A T Chamberlain, G Hotz, K E H Penkman, M J Collins

{"title":"Age estimation of archaeological remains using amino acid racemization in dental enamel: a comparison of morphological, biochemical, and known ages-at-death.","authors":"R C Griffin, A T Chamberlain, G Hotz, K E H Penkman, M J Collins","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21058","url":null,"abstract":"The poor accuracy of most current methods for estimating age-at-death in adult human skeletal remains is among the key problems facing palaeodemography. In forensic science, this problem has been solved for unburnt remains by the development of a chemical method for age estimation, using amino acid racemization in collagen extracted from dentine. Previous application of racemization methods to archaeological material has proven problematic. This study presents the application to archaeological human remains of a new age estimation method utilizing amino acid racemization in a potentially closed system-the dental enamel. The amino acid composition and extent of racemization in enamel from two Medieval cemeteries (Newcastle Blackgate and Grantham, England) and from a documented age-at-death sample from a 19th century cemetery (Spitalfriedhof St Johann, Switzerland) were determined. Alterations in the amino acid composition were detected in all populations, indicating that diagenetic change had taken place. However, in the Medieval populations, these changes did not appear to have substantially affected the relationship between racemization and age-at-death, with a strong relationship being retained between aspartic acid racemization and the morphological age estimates. In contrast, there was a poor relationship between racemization and age in the post-medieval documented age-at-death population from Switzerland. This appears to be due to leaching of amino acids post-mortem, indicating that enamel is not functioning as a perfectly closed system. Isolation of amino acids from a fraction of enamel which is less susceptible to leaching may improve the success of amino acid racemization for archaeological age estimation.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"244-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28103027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Beyond Gorilla and Pongo: alternative models for evaluating variation and sexual dimorphism in fossil hominoid samples. 超越大猩猩和庞戈:在古人类化石样本中评估变异和性别二态性的替代模型。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21059

Jeremiah E Scott, Caitlin M Schrein, Jay Kelley

{"title":"Beyond Gorilla and Pongo: alternative models for evaluating variation and sexual dimorphism in fossil hominoid samples.","authors":"Jeremiah E Scott, Caitlin M Schrein, Jay Kelley","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21059","url":null,"abstract":"Sexual size dimorphism in the postcanine dentition of the late Miocene hominoid Lufengpithecus lufengensis exceeds that in Pongo pygmaeus, demonstrating that the maximum degree of molar size dimorphism in apes is not represented among the extant Hominoidea. It has not been established, however, that the molars of Pongo are more dimorphic than those of any other living primate. In this study, we used resampling-based methods to compare molar dimorphism in Gorilla, Pongo, and Lufengpithecus to that in the papionin Mandrillus leucophaeus to test two hypotheses: (1) Pongo possesses the most size-dimorphic molars among living primates and (2) molar size dimorphism in Lufengpithecus is greater than that in the most dimorphic living primates. Our results show that M. leucophaeus exceeds great apes in its overall level of dimorphism and that L. lufengensis is more dimorphic than the extant species. Using these samples, we also evaluated molar dimorphism and taxonomic composition in two other Miocene ape samples--Ouranopithecus macedoniensis from Greece, specimens of which can be sexed based on associated canines and P(3)s, and the Sivapithecus sample from Haritalyangar, India. Ouranopithecus is more dimorphic than the extant taxa but is similar to Lufengpithecus, demonstrating that the level of molar dimorphism required for the Greek fossil sample under the single-species taxonomy is not unprecedented when the comparative framework is expanded to include extinct primates. In contrast, the Haritalyangar Sivapithecus sample, if itrepresents a single species, exhibits substantially greater molar dimorphism than does Lufengpithecus. Given these results, the taxonomic status of this sample remains equivocal.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"253-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28103028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Brief communication: Familial resemblance in digit ratio (2D:4D). 简短交流:数字比例的家族相似性(2D:4D)。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21105

Martin Voracek, Stefan G Dressler

{"title":"Brief communication: Familial resemblance in digit ratio (2D:4D).","authors":"Martin Voracek, Stefan G Dressler","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21105","url":null,"abstract":"Familial resemblance in the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal androgen action, was studied in 1,260 individuals from 235 Austrian families. In agreement with findings from twin studies of 2D:4D, heritability estimates based on parent-child and full-sib dyad similarity indicated substantial genetic contributions to trait expression (57% for right hand, 48% for left hand 2D:4D). Because twin studies have found nonadditive genetic as well as shared environmental effects on 2D:4D to be negligible or nil, these family-based estimates in all likelihood reflect the narrow-sense (additive genetic) heritability of the trait. Directional (right-minus-left) asymmetry in 2D:4D was only weakly heritable (6%). The pattern of same-sex and different-sex parent-child and full-sib correlations yielded no evidence for X-linked inheritance. This is surprising, considering evidence for associations of male 2D:4D with sensitivity to testosterone (functional variants of the X-linked androgen receptor gene). 2D:4D was particularly strongly heritable through male lines (father-son and brother-brother correlations), thus raising the possibility that Y-linked genes (such as the sex-determining region SRY) might influence 2D:4D expression.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"376-80"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28322658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 59

mtDNA variability in two Bantu-speaking populations (Shona and Hutu) from Eastern Africa: implications for peopling and migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa. 东非两个班图语人群(修纳和胡图族)的mtDNA变异:对撒哈拉以南非洲人口和迁移模式的影响。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21070

Loredana Castrì, Sergio Tofanelli, Paolo Garagnani, Carla Bini, Xenia Fosella, Susi Pelotti, Giorgio Paoli, Davide Pettener, Donata Luiselli

{"title":"mtDNA variability in two Bantu-speaking populations (Shona and Hutu) from Eastern Africa: implications for peopling and migration patterns in sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Loredana Castrì, Sergio Tofanelli, Paolo Garagnani, Carla Bini, Xenia Fosella, Susi Pelotti, Giorgio Paoli, Davide Pettener, Donata Luiselli","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21070","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we report novel data on mitochondrial DNA in two of the largest eastern Bantu-speaking populations, the Shona from Zimbabwe and the Hutu from Rwanda. The goal is to evaluate the genetic relationships of these two ethnic groups with other Bantu-speaking populations. Moreover, by comparing our data with those from other Niger-Congo speaking populations, we aim to clarify some aspects of evolutionary and demographic processes accompanying the spread of Bantu languages in sub-Saharan Africa and to test if patterns of genetic variation fit with models of population expansion based on linguistic and archeological data. The results indicate that the Shona and Hutu are closely related to the other Bantu-speaking populations. However, there are some differences in haplogroup composition between the two populations, mainly due to different genetic contributions from neighboring populations. This result is confirmed by estimates of migration rates which show high levels of gene flow not only between pairs of Bantu-speaking populations, but also between Bantu and non-Bantu speakers. The observed pattern of genetic variability (high genetic homogeneity and high levels of gene flow) supports a linguistic model suggesting a gradual spread of Bantu-speakers, with strong interactions between the different lines of Bantu-speaker descent, and is also in agreement with recent archeological findings. In conclusion, our data emphasize the role that population admixture has played at different times and to varying degrees in the dispersal of Bantu languages.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"302-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28159652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

The history and composition of the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 南非约翰内斯堡威特沃特斯兰德大学雷蒙德·a·达特人类骨骼收藏的历史和组成。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21072

Manisha R Dayal, Anthony D T Kegley, Goran Strkalj, Mubarak A Bidmos, Kevin L Kuykendall

{"title":"The history and composition of the Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.","authors":"Manisha R Dayal, Anthony D T Kegley, Goran Strkalj, Mubarak A Bidmos, Kevin L Kuykendall","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21072","url":null,"abstract":"The Raymond A. Dart Collection of Human Skeletons (Dart Collection) is housed in the School of Anatomical Sciences at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, and comprises one of the largest documented cadaver-derived human skeletal assemblages in the world. This collection originated in the early 1920s as a result of the efforts of Raymond Dart and continues to grow. The skeletons included represent varied indigenous and immigrant populations from southern Africa, Europe and Asia. This contribution documents the history of the collection and provides an updated inventory and demographic assessment of this valuable research collection. According to a recent inventory the Dart Collection currently comprises 2,605 skeletons representing individuals from regional SA African (76%), White (15%), Coloured (4%) and Indian (0.3%) populations. A large proportion of the skeletons (71%) represent males. The recorded ages at death range from the first year to over 100 years of age, but the majority of individuals died between the ages of 20 and 70. The Dart Collection has been affected by collection procedures based on availability. All of the cadavers collected before 1958, and large proportions subsequently, were derived from unclaimed bodies in regional South African hospitals. Some details of documentation (age at death, population group) are estimates and some aspects of the collection demographics (sex ratios) do not closely reflect any living South African population. Our inventory and analysis of the Dart Collection is aimed to assist researchers planning research on the materials from this collection.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"324-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28197620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 163

Body size and joint posture in primates. 灵长类动物的体型和关节姿势。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-10-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21083

John D Polk, Scott A Williams, Jeffrey V Peterson

{"title":"Body size and joint posture in primates.","authors":"John D Polk, Scott A Williams, Jeffrey V Peterson","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21083","url":null,"abstract":"Body mass has been shown in experimental and comparative morphological studies to have a significant effect on joint posture in major limb joints. The generalizability of experimental studies is limited by their use of small sample sizes and limited size ranges. In contrast, while comparative morphological studies often have increased sample sizes, the connection between joint posture and morphological variables is often indirect. The current study infers joint postures for a large sample of primates using an experimentally validated method, and tests whether larger primates use more extended joint postures than smaller species. Postures are inferred through the analysis of patterns of subchondral bone apparent density on the medial femoral condyle. Femora from 94 adult wild-shot individuals of 28 species were included. Apparent density measurements were obtained from CT scans using AMIRA software, and the angular position of the anterior-most extent of the region of maximum apparent density on the medial femoral condyle was recorded. In general, the hypothesis that larger-bodied primates use more extended knee posture was supported, but it should be noted that considerable variation exists, particularly at small body sizes. This indicates that smaller species are less constrained by their body size, and their patterns of apparent density are consistent with a wide range of knee postures. The size-related increase in inferred joint posture was observed in most major groups of primates, and this observation attests to the generalizability of Biewener's model that relates body size and joint posture.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"140 2","pages":"359-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21083","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28159048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15