Bin Mao, Yide Yang, Zehui Fan, Yuxian Li, Wanyun Xiang, Bin Dong, Jie Hu
{"title":"Association of a Healthy Lifestyle With Ambulatory 24-Hour Blood Pressure Among Chinese Youths: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Bin Mao, Yide Yang, Zehui Fan, Yuxian Li, Wanyun Xiang, Bin Dong, Jie Hu","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae074","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to explore the association between a healthy lifestyle and abnormal ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in Chinese youths.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A school-based sample of 1,296 college students was investigated. A lifestyle score was calculated by synthesizing 5 lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, physical activity, and sleeping. The total score ranged from 0 to 5, with a higher score indicating a healthier lifestyle. This score was then divided into 3 categories representing low adherence to a healthy lifestyle (0-2), medium adherence (3), and high adherence (4-5). Abnormal 24-hour blood pressure (BP) was defined as systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥ 80 mm Hg. Abnormal daytime BP was determined as daytime SBP ≥ 135 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 85 mm Hg, while abnormal nighttime BP was characterized as nighttime SBP ≥ 120 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥ 70 mm Hg. We assessed the associations using the binomial regression model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean age was 18.81 years, and 74.5% were women. The prevalence of abnormal 24-hour BP, daytime BP, and nighttime BP are 4.2%, 3.7%, and 9.0%, respectively. We found that participants with a high level of adherence to a healthy lifestyle had a significantly lower prevalence of abnormal 24-hour BP [prevalence ratios (PR) = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48] and abnormal daytime BP (PR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.52), when compared to those with a low level of adherence and after adjusting for the potential covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A healthier lifestyle is associated with a better ambulatory BP profile among youths.</p>","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"674-681"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141199204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New Kids on the Hypertension Block: Novel Agents With New Mechanisms of Action.","authors":"Ernesto L Schiffrin","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpae051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":"37 9","pages":"651-653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testis-Specific Protein, Y-Encoded-Like 2 Activates JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus to Sustain Hypertension.","authors":"Ying Li, Yang-Fei Xu, Hong-Li Chi, Jia-Yue Yu, Ya-Nan Gao, Hong-Bao Li, Yu-Ming Kang, Xiao-Jing Yu","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), the expression of the testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 2 (TSPYL2) and the phosphorylation level of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) are higher comparing with the normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). But how they are involved in hypertension remains unclear. TSPYL2 may interact with JAK2/STAT3 in PVN to sustain high blood pressure during hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Knockdown of TSPYL2 via adeno-associated virus (AAV) carrying shRNA was conducted through bilateral microinjection into the PVN of SHR and WKY rats. JAK2/STAT3 inhibition was achieved by intraperitoneally or PVN injection of AG490 into the SHRs. Blood pressure (BP), plasma norepinephrine (NE), PVN inflammatory response, and PVN oxidative stress were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TSPYL2 knock-down in the PVN of SHRs but not WKYs led to reduced BP and plasma NE, deactivation of JAK2/STAT3, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, and increased expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the PVN. Meanwhile, AG490 administrated in both ways reduced the BP in the SHRs and deactivated JAK2/STAT3 but failed to change the expression of TSPYL2 in PVN. AG490 also downregulated expression of IL-1β and upregulated expression of IL-10. Both knockdown of TSPYL2 and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 can reduce the oxidative stress in the PVN of SHRs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>JAK2/STAT3 is regulated by TSPYL2 in the PVN of SHRs, and PVN TSPYL2/JAK2/STAT3 is essential for maintaining high BP in hypertensive rats, making it a potential therapeutic target for hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"682-691"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li-yun Fu, Qian-yi Zhang, Qin-yun Ruan, Hui-mei Huang, Lei Yan, Zi-ling You, Hong-da Su
{"title":"Investigation of Left Ventricular Layer-Specific Strain in Patients of Chronic Kidney Disease by 2-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography","authors":"Li-yun Fu, Qian-yi Zhang, Qin-yun Ruan, Hui-mei Huang, Lei Yan, Zi-ling You, Hong-da Su","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpae052","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of left ventricular layer-specific strain in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS Eighty-five patients of chronic kidney disease in the Department of Nephrology of our hospital from March 2020 to August 2021 were selected and divided into three groups according to the estimated GFR: Group A (CKD stage 1–2), Group B (CKD stage 3–4), and Group C (CKD stage 5), 40 hypertensive patients without renal insufficiency were gathered as hypertension (HT) group and 40 gender and age-matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. Then, (i) Routine echocardiographic parameters: left ventricular diameter, left atrium diameter, wall thickness, LVEF. (ii) Myocardial strain: global longitudinal strain (GLS), longitudinal strain in endocardium (SL-endo), longitudinal strain in average (SL-ave), longitudinal strain in epicardium (SL-epi), global circumferential strain (GCS), global circumferential strain in endocardium (SC-endo), global circumferential strain in average (SC-ave), global circumferential strain in epicardium (SC-epi), and global radial strain (GRS) were analyzed. RESULTS (i) Compared with the control group, the structure of the left heart and LVEF in groups A and B had no significant changes, left ventricular remodeling appeared, and diastolic function declined in HT group and group C, LVEF decreased in group C (all P &lt; 0.05). (ii) Only SL-endo decreased in the HT group. All of SL-endo, SL-ave, and SL-epi were reduced in the CKD group and were lowest in group C. Radial strain decreased only in group C (all P &lt; 0.05). (iii) The global and layer-specific longitudinal strain were correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r = 0.541–0.559, all P &lt; 0.05), LVEF was correlated with longitudinal and circumferential strain (r = 0.406–0.424, all P &lt; 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that longitudinal strain in different layers were independently correlated with different stages of CKD and the occurrence of secondary hypertension or not (β = −0.251 to −0.443, all P &lt; 0.05). Circumferential strain in all layers were independently correlated with the appearance of secondary hypertension or not (β = −0.255 to −0.31, all P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The degree and range of the impairment of left ventricular strain in CKD patients are related to the stage of eGFR and secondary hypertension, which may affect the global systolic pump function by involving the circumferential strain.","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142217348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Blood Pressure Across the Life Course: The Importance of Cardiovascular Health and Considerations for Those With Adverse Social Determinants of Health.","authors":"Paul Muntner, Timothy B Plante","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"656-658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140896869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew Horvit, Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter, Jaspreet Sian, Bethany Roehm, Peter Noel Van Buren
{"title":"Endothelin-1, Extracellular Volume Overload, and Hemodynamics in Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Andrew Horvit, Haekyung Jeon-Slaughter, Jaspreet Sian, Bethany Roehm, Peter Noel Van Buren","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular volume (ECV) overload and endothelial cell dysfunction are mortality risk factors in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictive peptide, is associated with poor outcomes in HD patients. We hypothesized there would be associations between ET-1 and ECV overload in hypertensive HD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained pre-HD ET-1, ECV/weight (bioimpedance spectroscopy), pre-HD hemodynamics, and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in an HD cohort. Following appropriate transformations, we conducted correlation and linear regression analyses idendifying associations between ET-1, ECV overload, total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), cardiac index (CI), and ambulatory BP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 66 patients, median ET-1 was 1.93 (1.49-2.56) pg/ml. Median pre-HD ECV/weight, median TPRI, mean CI, and mean systolic ambulatory BP were 0.25 (0.22-0.30) l/kg, 3,161 (2,711-3,642) dynes × s/cm-5/m2, 2.92 (0.6) l/min/m2, and 143 (14) mm Hg, respectively. After reciprocal-transformation, ET-1 correlated with reciprocal-transformed ECV/weight (r = 0.3, P = 0.01), log-transformed TPRI (r = -0.3, P = 0.006), CI (r = 0.3, P = 0.009), and ambulatory BP (r = -0.3, P = 0.02). These associations persisted in linear regression analysis (β = 0.15, P = 0.002; β = -0.8, P = 0.002; β = 0.2, P = 0.002; β = -19, P = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In hypertensive HD patients, ET-1 associates with ECV overload higher TPRI and ambulatory BP, and lower CI. Further research is necessary to determine if ECV reduction lowers ET-1 or if pharmacologic ET-1 antagonism can improve outcomes in HD patients with refractory ECV overload.</p>","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"692-699"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raphaela Lipinsky DeGette, Anusha McNamara, Elaine C Khoong
{"title":"Hypertension Treatment: Caught Between Evidence and Reality.","authors":"Raphaela Lipinsky DeGette, Anusha McNamara, Elaine C Khoong","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"654-655"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140910797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiu-Heng Wang, Zhi-Zhu Zhang, Yun Ou, Zhi-Hong Ning, Jia-Yang Yang, Hong Huang, Hui-Fang Tang, Zhi-Sheng Jiang, Heng-Jing Hu
{"title":"High-Salt Diet Inhibits the Expression of Bmal1 and Promotes Atrial Fibrosis and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats.","authors":"Xiu-Heng Wang, Zhi-Zhu Zhang, Yun Ou, Zhi-Hong Ning, Jia-Yang Yang, Hong Huang, Hui-Fang Tang, Zhi-Sheng Jiang, Heng-Jing Hu","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hypertension is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), and brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1 (Bmal1) regulate circadian blood pressure and is implicated in several fibrotic disorders. Our hypothesis that Bmal1 inhibits atrial fibrosis and susceptibility to AF in salt-sensitive hypertension (SSHT) and our study provides a new target for the pathogenesis of AF induced by hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 7-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive that were fed either a high-salt diet (8% NaCl; DSH group) or a normal diet (0.3% NaCl; DSN group). An experimental model was used to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP), left atrial ejection fraction (LAEF), left atrial end-volume index (LAEVI), left atrial index (LAFI), AF inducibility, AF duration, and atrial fibrosis pathological examination and the expression of Baml1 and fibrosis-related proteins (TNF-α and α-SMA) in left atrial tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DSH increased TNF-α and α-SMA expression in atrial tissue, level of SBP and LAESVI, atrial fibrosis, AF induction rate, and AF duration, and decreased Bmal1 expression in atrial tissue, the circadian rhythm of hypertension, and level of LAEF and LAFI. Our results also showed that the degree of atrial fibrosis was negatively correlated with Bmal1 expression, but positively correlated with the expression of TNF-α and α-SMA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrated that a high-salt diet leads to circadian changes in hypertension due to a reduction of Bmal1 expression, which plays a crucial role in atrial fibrosis and increased susceptibility to AF in SSHT rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"726-733"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewan S A Majid, Minolfa C Prieto, Alexander Castillo, Cameron Chamberlain, Luis Gabriel Navar
{"title":"Augmentation of Nitric Oxide Deficient Hypertension by High Salt Diet Is Associated With Reduced TNF-α Receptor Type 1 Expression in the Kidneys.","authors":"Dewan S A Majid, Minolfa C Prieto, Alexander Castillo, Cameron Chamberlain, Luis Gabriel Navar","doi":"10.1093/ajh/hpae066","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ajh/hpae066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High salt (HS) intake induces an augmented hypertensive response to nitric oxide (NO) inhibition, though it causes minimal changes in blood pressure (BP) in NO intact condition. The cause of such augmentation is not known. HS induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) production that causes natriuresis via activation of its receptor type 1 (TNFR1). We hypothesized that NO deficiency reduces renal TNFR1 activity, leading to enhanced sodium retention and hypertension.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the changes in renal TNFR1 protein expression (Immunohistochemistry analyses) after HS (4% NaCl) intake in wild-type mice (WT, C57BL6) treated with a NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 0.05 mg/min/g; osmotic mini-pump), as well as in endothelial NOS knockout mice (eNOSKO) and compared the responses in WT mice with normal salt (NS; 0.3% NaCl) intake. BP was measured with tail-cuff plethysmography and 24-hour urine collections were made using metabolic cages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HS alone did not alter mean BP in untreated mice (76 ± 3 to 77 ± 1 mm Hg) but induced an augmented response in L-NAME treated (106 ± 1 vs. 97 ± 2 mm Hg) and in eNOSKO (107 ± 2 vs. 89 ± 3 mm Hg) mice. The percentage area of TNFR1 expression in renal tissue was higher in WT + HS (4.1 + 0.5%) than in WT + NS mice (2.7 ± 0.6%). However, TNFR1 expression was significantly lower in L-NAME treated WT + NS (0.9 ± 0.1%) and in eNOSKO + NS (1.4 ± 0.2%) than in both WT + NS and WT + HS mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data indicate that TNFR1 activity is downregulated in NO deficient conditions, which facilitates salt retention leading to augmented hypertension during HS intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":7578,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Hypertension","volume":" ","pages":"717-725"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11322281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141079512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}