AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"The Global Impact of Diversifying PrEP Options: Results of an International Discrete Choice Experiment of Existing and Potential PrEP Strategies with Gay and Bisexual Men and Physicians.","authors":"Christine Tagliaferri Rael, Rebecca Giguere, Ewa Bryndza Tfaily, Sara Sutton, Elizabeth Horn, Robert J Schieffer, Craig Hendrix, Richard T D'Aquila, Thomas J Hope","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0120","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve current and future use of existing (oral, injectable) and potential future (implants, douches) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) products, we must understand product preferences relative to one another, among gay and bisexual men (GBM), and physicians who prescribe PrEP. We completed an online discrete choice experiment (DCE) with separate groups of GBM and/or physicians from the United States, South Africa, Spain, and Thailand. Participants were presented information on PrEP products, including daily pills, event-driven pills (2-1-1 regimen), injections, subdermal implants (dissolvable, removable), and rectal douches. Next, they completed a choice exercise in which they were shown 10 screens, each presenting 3 of the aforementioned products at a time with 11 attributes for physicians and 10 attributes for GBM. For the attributes that were not constant, one level was shown per screen for each product. Participants selected the product they preferred most and rated their likelihood to select (GBM) or recommend (physicians) that product. Data were modeled using hierarchical Bayes estimation; resulting model coefficients were used to develop attribute importance measures and product preferences. For GBM across all countries, if all aforementioned PrEP products were on the market at the same time, over 90% of GBM would use some form of PrEP; 100% of physicians would recommend at least one of the PrEP products. There were variations in product preference by country. GBM in the United States and Thailand preferred the injection (21.7%, 22.9%, respectively), while the dissolvable implant was preferred in South Africa and Spain (19.9%, 19.8%, respectively). In the United States, South Africa, and Spain (where physician data were available), physicians were most likely to recommend the dissolvable implant (37.2%, 40.6%, 38.3%, respectively).</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"591-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140955784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Efavirenz on Reward Processing in Asymptomatic People Living with HIV: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Patrick G A Oomen, Charlotte S Hakkers, Joop E Arends, Guido E L van der Berk, Pascal Pas, Andy I M Hoepelman, Berend J van Welzen, Stefan du Plessis","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0069","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated that HIV-infection affects the fronto-striatal network. It has not been examined what impact efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral drug notorious for its neurocognitive effects, has on the reward system: a key subcomponent involved in depressive and apathy symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of EFV on reward processing using a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, asymptomatic adult participants stable on emtricitabine/tenofovirdisoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF)/EFV were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to switch to FTC/TDF/rilpivirine (RPV) (<i>n</i> = 30) or continue taking FTC/TDF/EFV (<i>n</i> = 13). At baseline and 12 weeks after therapy switch, both groups performed an MID task. Behavior and functional brain activity related to reward anticipation and reward outcome were assessed with blood-oxygen-level-dependent fMRI. Both groups were matched for age, education level, and time since HIV diagnosis and on EFV. At the behavioral level, both groups had faster response times and better response accuracy during rewarding versus nonrewarding trials, with no improvement resulting from switching FTC/TDF/EFV to FTC/TDF/RPV. No significant change in activation related to reward anticipation in the ventral striatum was found after switching therapy. Both groups had significantly higher activation levels over time, consistent with a potential learning effect. Similar activity related to reward outcome in the orbitofrontal cortex was found. Discontinuing FTC/TDF/EFV was not found to improve activity related to reward anticipation in asymptomatic people living with HIV, with similar cortical functioning during reward outcome processing. It is therefore likely that EFV does not affect motivational control. Further research is needed to determine whether EFV affects motivational control in HIV populations with different characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"581-590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9126463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Letter to the Editor:</i> Real-Life Experience of Long-Acting Cabotegravir-Rilpivirine Combination in a Person Living with HIV with Detectable Viremia: A Case Report.","authors":"Arturo Ciccullo, Valentina Iannone, Francesca Lombardi, Alberto Borghetti, Simona Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0057","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"555-556"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near Full-Length Genome Characterization of Two Novel Unique Recombinants (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) in Beijing, China.","authors":"Chunlin Lan, Bo Zhu, Hailong Zhuo, Yuting Shi, Zixuan Sun, Lixuan Zhang, Lei Jia, Hanping Li, Yongjian Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Jingyun Li, Bohan Zhang, Jingwan Han, Junjun Jiang, Lin Li","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0149","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC subtypes in China, the co-circulation of multiple subtypes in the HIV-1-positive population may result in dual infection or superinfection in the population, leading to the emergence of unique recombinant forms (URFs) of the HIV-1 virus. In this study, two second-generation unique recombinant strains, BI0114 and BI0116, were identified, and their near full-length genome sequences were obtained. Recombination analysis showed that both sequences were isoforms of URF_0107, and they were second-generation unique recombinant strains formed by the recombination of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, with the isoforms being CRF01_AE and CRF0107_BC, respectively. The continued emergence of novel CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant strains suggests that the epidemiological, preventive, and control situation of HIV-1 is complex and that the relevant health authorities urgently need to establish responses to the challenges posed by changes in the pattern of strain recombination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"568-574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140183467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Two Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/ CRF07_BC Recombinant Forms Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Mother-to-Child Transmission Cases in Baoding City, China.","authors":"Jianru Jia,Huijuan Yang,Zhen Zhang,Haoxi Shi,Sisi Chen,Shi Penghui,Weiguang Fan","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0059","url":null,"abstract":"CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC are predominant circulating HIV-1 subtypes in China. In this study, we report two novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinant forms isolated from one man who has sex with men (MSM) (BDD027) and one mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) case (BDL123) in Baoding City, Hebei Province, China. The recombination breakpoint analysis showed that the recombination pattern of the near-full-length genome of BDD027 consisted of two CRF07_BC fragments inserted into a CRF01_AE backbone, while the recombination pattern of the near-full-length genome of BDL123 consisted of one CRF01_AE fragment inserted into a CRF07_BC backbone. This study demonstrates the importance of strengthening the monitoring of HIV-1 molecular epidemiological characteristics and emphasizes the urgent need to reduce the HIV-1 epidemic among MSM and MTCT populations in China.","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Short-term Monotherapy Study of MK-6186, an HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI), in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Participants.","authors":"Dirk Schürmann,Andreas Hueser,Frieder Pfaefflin,Caroline Cilissen,Inge de Lepeleire,Patrick Larson,Matt Anderson,Matthew Rizk,Joerg Hofmann,Martin Daeumer,Miriam Stegemann,Selwyn Aubrey Stoch,Frank Wagner,Marian Iwamoto","doi":"10.1089/aid.2023.0152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2023.0152","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVETo assess the antiviral activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety of MK-6186 in NNRTI-naïve, HIV-1-infected male participants.DESIGNDouble-blind, randomized, two-panel study.METHODSIn 2 sequential panels, 18 participants received MK-6186 (40 mg [Panel A] or 150 mg [Panel B]) or matching placebo once daily for 7 days. Plasma samples were collected for measurement of HIV-1 RNA levels and MK-6186 pharmacokinetics.RESULTSFor the mean change from baseline in HIV-1 RNA (log10 copies/mL) at 24 hours post Day 7 dose, the mean difference (90% confidence interval) between MK-6186 and placebo was 1.54 (-1.73, -1.34) in the 40-mg group and -1.28 (-1.81, -0.75) in the 150-mg group. One participant in the 150-mg group had viral rebound at 24 hours after Day 6 dosing (Day 7 predose) associated with outgrowth of the V106A minority variant. Ultra-deep sequencing confirmed expansion of this predose minority variant from 0.26% to 63.67%. No outgrowth and rebound was seen in another participant in whom a V106A minority variant was also detected. MK-6186 was generally well tolerated. MK-6186 was rapidly absorbed with peak concentrations at 2 hours followed by a biphasic decline. The effective t½ of MK-6186 was 43.9 to 48.7 hrs. Steady state was not achieved.CONCLUSIONSDaily monotherapy with MK-6186 demonstrated robust antiviral activity with maximal antiviral activity at a dose of 40 mg. One participant in the 150-mg group exhibited viral rebound with outgrowth of the resistant V106A minority variant, demonstrating a risk of resistance development typical of NNRTIs. The reason for this outgrowth remains unclear as no outgrowth occurred in a participant in the 40-mg group in whom the V106A minority variant was also detected. MK-6186 may be an alternative next-generation NNRTI in combination therapy, in that combination antiretroviral therapy could prevent outgrowth of resistant minority variants.","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD57+ T cell transmigration through vascular endothelial cells is enhanced by TNF: A novel model of cardiovascular risk in people with HIV.","authors":"Xi Su,Michael Freeman","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0057","url":null,"abstract":"People with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH), despite achieving viral suppression through antiretroviral therapy, face increased risk and earlier onset of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases than the general population. CD57+ T cells can be readily recovered from atherosclerotic plaques and likely contribute to disease by targeting endothelial cells (ECs), however the specific mechanisms facilitating the infiltration of these cells into plaques remain elusive. Here, we report the development of a novel assay to quantify T cell adhesion to and transmigration through a primary human vascular EC monolayer and show that CD57+ T cells preferentially adhere to and transmigrate through the monolayer. Moreover, activating the ECs with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) significantly increased the transmigration of CD57+ T cells, supporting a role for TNF in promoting the vascular homing of CD57+ T cells. This model will allow for elucidating the mechanisms of, and testing interventions to prevent, CD57+ T cell infiltration into plaques.","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142265452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonnegligible Contribution of Nonlymphoid Tissue to Viral Reservoir During the Short-Term Early cART in SIVmac239-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques.","authors":"Ren-Rong Tian, Ting Li, Ming-Xu Zhang, Tian-Zhang Song, Hong-Yi Zheng, Yong-Tang Zheng","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0130","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV/AIDS cannot be cured because of the persistence of the viral reservoir. Because of the complexity of the cellular composition and structure of the human organs, HIV reservoirs of anatomical site are also complex. Recently, although a variety of molecules have been reported to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of the viral reservoirs, or as marker of latent cells, the research mainly focuses on blood and lymph nodes. Now, the characteristics of the viral reservoir in tissue are not yet fully understood. In this study, various tissues were collected from SIVmac239-infected monkeys, and the level of total SIV DNA, SIV 2-LTR DNA, and cell-associated virus RNA in them were compared with character of the anatomical viral reservoir under early treatment. The results showed that short-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) starting from 3 days after infection could significantly inhibit viremia and reduce the size of the anatomical viral reservoir, but it could not eradicate <i>de novo</i> infections and ongoing replication of virus. Moreover, the effects of early cART on the level of total SIV DNA, SIV 2-LTR DNA, and cell-associated virus RNA in different tissues were different, which changed the size distribution of viral reservoir in anatomical site. Finally, the contribution of nonlymphoid tissues, especially liver and lung, to the viral reservoir increased after treatment, while the contribution of intestinal lymphoid to the viral reservoir significantly reduced. These results suggested that early treatment effectively decreased the size of viral reservoir, and that the effects of cART on the tissue viral reservoir varied greatly by tissue type. The results implied that persistent existence of virus in nonlymphoid tissues after short-term treatment suggested that the role of nonlymphoid tissues cannot be ignored in development strategies for AIDS therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140292375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring HIV-1 Transmission Features Among Older Individuals in Developed Eastern China.","authors":"Ke Xu, Junfang Chen, Min Zhu, Xingliang Zhang, Sisheng Wu, Wenjie Luo, Ling Ye","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of newly reported HIV-1 infections among older individuals (≥50 years of age) has increased rapidly in Hangzhou, a central city in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. To provide a scientific basis for prevention and intervention strategies targeted at older individuals in Hangzhou, an epidemiological survey combined with molecular transmission network analysis was conducted. A total of 2,899 individuals with newly confirmed HIV-1 infections, including 635 older individuals and 2,264 younger individuals (<50 years of age), were enrolled in this study. Among older individuals, heterosexual contact was the predominant mode of HIV-1 transmission. In addition, it was observed that older individuals with lower levels of education exhibited a higher susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The analysis of transmission network, which was inferred using HIV-TRACE algorithm, revealed that the newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections among older individuals in Hangzhou exhibited a pattern of scattered transmission, with key clusters primarily located in non-main urban areas. The predominant mode of transmission in these areas was nonmarital and noncommercial or nonmarital and commercial heterosexual transmission. Notably, the study highlighted a significant proportion of older individuals (73.3%, 11/15) within B subtype. Multivariate logistic regression analysis further revealed that the subtype B was a significant factor associated with older individuals having ≥3 node degrees in the network, occurring 5.55 times more frequent than subtype CRF07_BC (95% confidence intervals = 1.17-26.22, <i>p</i> = .031). Furthermore, the lower CD4 levels observed among older individuals underscored the challenge of late diagnosis in Hangzhou. Taken together, it is imperative to test and intervene for high-risk older individuals. To tackle this issue effectively, it is essential to enhance the detection of the B subtype and implement targeted interventions in key clusters within non-main urban areas. In addition, proactive measures should be implemented to address the challenge of late diagnosis in Hangzhou by promoting widespread testing among the older individuals, particularly in priority areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"502-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosalind Franklin Society Proudly Announces the 2023 Award Recipient for <i>AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses</i>.","authors":"Sharon Walmsley","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.17445.rfs2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.17445.rfs2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"40 9","pages":"501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}