AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing HIV Genotyping and Drug-Resistance Detection in Low Viral Load Samples Through Exosome Enrichment Technology.","authors":"Jun Peng, Yebin Song, Zhong Chen, Lei Xu, Lei Guo, Xiaoxin Xie, Yanhua Fu, Hai Long, Yanmeng Feng, Kai He","doi":"10.1177/08892229251374705","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251374705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genotypic drug-resistance testing for HIV-1 with low viral loads (VLs) (<1,000 copies/mL) is clinically important but technically challenging. Due to the overlapping physical size characteristics of HIV-1 viral particles (100-120 nm) and exosomes (40-150 nm), simultaneous enrichment of both using size separation technology may offer a new strategy to improve the success rate of genotypic resistance testing in low VL samples. To evaluate the application of exosome enrichment technology in genotypic drug resistance testing for HIV-1 in low VL samples. We conducted a study with the following design. Whole blood samples were collected from HIV/AIDS patients at the Guiyang Public Health Treatment Center, who had been receiving antiretroviral therapy for over 6 months, with HIV-1 RNA levels ranging from 20 to 1,000 copies/mL, between June 2023 and November 2024. Plasma was separated, and HIV-1 RNA genotypic resistance testing was performed both directly on the plasma and after exosome enrichment. The amplification success rates of HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing before and after exosome enrichment were compared, and resistance mutation sites were analyzed. Among the 26 participants, 22 were male (84.62%) and 4 were female (15.38%), with a median age of 36.5 years. Exosome enrichment technology achieved amplification success rates for the HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in the RT & PR regions and the INSTI region of 65.38% (17/26) and 42.31% (11/26), respectively, significantly higher than the pre-enrichment success rates of 19.23% (5/26) and 15.38% (4/26). These differences were statistically significant (χ² = 11.34, <i>p</i> = 0.001; χ² = 4.62, <i>p</i> = 0.032). Genotypic sequencing revealed K103N and L74M resistance mutations in two samples. These findings indicate that exosome enrichment technology enhances the amplification success rate of HIV-1 genotypic resistance testing in low VL samples and identifies clinically relevant resistance mutation sites. This approach may provide an innovative solution for resistance testing in low VL samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"547-551"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISSyphilis and the Risk of HIV Infection: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Xinye Chen","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to assess the causal effect of syphilis on HIV infection by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The data of syphilis and HIV infection were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using methods such as weighted median, MR Egger, and inverse variance to evaluate the causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Gene expression data of persons living with HIV (PLWH) and single-cell RNA sequencing profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Analysis involved the identification of key molecules and relevant signaling pathways. MR analysis showed a significant causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection [weighted median, odds ratio (OR): 1.098, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-1.217, <i>p</i> = .003; inverse variance weighted, OR: 1.095, 95% CI: 1.048-1.145, <i>p</i> < .001]. We discovered that rs138697742, a genetic variant related to the RPAIN gene, is associated with HIV infection and influences the expression of RPAIN, possibly contributing to the progression of the disease. Moreover, single-cell data analysis revealed the cellular communication patterns within PLWH, with monocytes appearing to play a crucial role. In summary, our study reveals a direct causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Additionally, the upregulation of RPAIN gene expression resulting from genetic mutations may serve as a key factor in promoting the progression of HIV infection. Targeting the RPAIN/GALECTIN merges as a promising novel therapeutic target for managing HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"526-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome and RNA Sequencing Reveal Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer in Persons Living with HIV.","authors":"Yuxue Gao, Pengxiang Yang, Yuanyue Guan, Qiqi Ning, Jing Chang, Dexi Chen, Feili Wei, Yulin Zhang, Yuening Zhang","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0013","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2025.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In persons living with HIV (PWH), non-AIDS-related tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), have become major health concerns worldwide since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. To date, no study has addressed the underlying molecular mechanisms in PWH with CRC. To explore the impact of PWH with CRC, we sequenced total RNA and DNA from individuals with HIV-negative and PWH formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRC for transcriptome and genome analyses. We performed RNA and DNA extraction from FFPE samples, library preparation, total RNA sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. A total of 1,705 genes were found to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 1,121 upregulated DEGs and 584 downregulated DEGs, in PWH compared with HIV-negative CRC. Functional pathway analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched mainly in infectious and immune diseases and various metabolic processes. The immune infiltration results revealed that the numbers of activated dendritic cells (aDCs), natural killer T cells (NKT cells), and T follicular helper cells (Tfh cells) were greater and that the number of memory B cells was lower in patients with CRC than in PWH. Twelve hub genes involved in interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs)-IFI44, MX1, OAS1, OAS3, BST2, IFIT1, FGF2, EGF, CCL3, CCL4, SHH, and PPARG-are positively related to aDC, NKT, Tfh, and memory B cells. We found highly analogous insertions, deletions, and functional annotations of the detected single nucleotide polymorphisms and indel mutations in PWH and patients with HIV-negative CRC. This study provides new insights into crucial ISGs, immune infiltration, immune variants, and pathways involved in CRC with HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"463-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i> Not Detected in People with HIV and Systemic Symptoms in Port-au-Prince, Haiti.","authors":"Kathryn M Dupnik, Nancy Dorvil, Maureen Ward, Vanessa Rivera, Alexandra Apollon, Emelyne Dumont, Omar Sued, Jean W Pape, Serena P Koenig","doi":"10.1177/08892229251365925","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251365925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When local epidemiology of endemic fungal infections is poorly understood, it is difficult to determine the clinical impact of screening for these pathogens in people living with HIV. We found no <i>Histoplasma</i> urine antigen or serum antibody in over 450 symptomatic patients with a new diagnosis of HIV in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. These findings indicate that systematic testing is likely to be low yield in Port-au-Prince, although it is well described in other countries in the region, and may have higher prevalence in rural areas. These findings are relevant to other settings where the prevalence of histoplasmosis is poorly defined, as similar studies could also inform local evidence-based guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"486-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12629676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD4 Discordance as a Predictor of Liver Fibrosis in People Coinfected with Human Immune Deficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Ahmed Cordie, Ahmed M Kamel, Rahma Mohamed, Sameh Samir, Marwa Elsharkawy, Shereen Abdel Alem, Aisha Elsharkawy, Gamal Esmat, Mohammad Salah Abdelbary, Rabab Maher","doi":"10.1177/08892229251365670","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251365670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liver fibrosis presents a unique diagnostic challenge in people coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV). This study aimed to explore the association between CD4 discordance and liver fibrosis in that population, alongside assessing the predictive power of different models for significant fibrosis. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 198 adult people with HIV/HCV coinfection. Liver fibrosis was noninvasively assessed using transient elastography, and CD4 discordance was defined based on the discrepancy between absolute CD4 cell count and CD4 cell percentage. Multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used for analysis. Only 52 (26.3%) individuals had concordant CD4 values. The study found a significant correlation between high CD4 discordance and significant liver fibrosis (<i>p</i> < .001), with a higher prevalence of significant fibrosis in those with high discordance (65.5%) than those with low (14.5%) or concordant (13.5%) CD4 values. High CD4 discordance was strongly associated with significant fibrosis (odds ratio = 11.48, <i>p</i> < .001). The CD4-only model showed a high negative predictive value (87.5%), making it suitable for excluding significant fibrosis. In contrast, models incorporating both CD4 count and percentage demonstrated higher positive and negative predictive values (78.6% and 87.6%, respectively), indicating their utility in diagnosing significant fibrosis. This study highlights the complexity of assessing liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals and underscores the value of CD4 discordance as a predictive factor. The predictive models, especially those combining CD4 count and percentage, provide an approach for evaluating liver fibrosis. Further research is needed to refine these models and enhance their clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"490-499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Factors Influencing Immunological Failure in Elderly People Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A LASSO-Logistic Regression Approach.","authors":"Ruilin Li, Yan Lu, Lianzhao Yang, Xiuhong Long, Xiang Luo, Dengqiang Wu, Zhanhang Zheng, Shuhong Qin, Wenting Qin, Chenxingzi Wu","doi":"10.1177/08892229251365583","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251365583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify key predictors of immunological failure in elderly patients with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) through machine learning approaches. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 490 elderly patients with HIV (including 120 with immunological failure) treated at Guigang People's Hospital from January 2009 to May 2024, using data extracted from the AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System. Employing a two-stage analytical approach, we first applied least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to screen 50 potential risk factors, identifying 6 significant predictors. These were subsequently analyzed via logistic regression, revealing six protective factors: moderate disease stage [odds ratio (OR) = 0.401], AIDS stage (OR = 0.130), cotrimoxazole use (OR = 0.495), β2-microglobulin levels (OR = 0.755), platelet count (OR = 0.767), and alanine aminotransferase levels (OR = 0.760). Age was identified as an independent risk factor (OR = 1.275). Finally, the Shapley Additive explanations (SHAP) algorithm was utilized to rank feature importance, providing interpretable insights into predictor contributions. This study used machine learning (LASSO and logistic regression) to pinpoint critical predictors of immunological failure in elderly patients with HIV on ART, aiding early detection of high-risk individuals and informing prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"477-485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse Lipid Profiles and Increased Cardiovascular Risks in People with HAM/TSP.","authors":"Ana Flávia Novaes, Qesya Rodrigues Ferreira, Jéssica Oliveira de Souza Nascimento, Roberta Muniz Luz Silva, Matheus Nascimento Moura, Ariana Leal Borges da Cruz, Larissa Alves Fernandes, Arthur Shigueru Umeda, João Pedro de Melo de Freitas Santos, Aline Cristina Andrade Mota-Miranda, Davi Tanajura, Fernanda Khouri Barreto","doi":"10.1177/08892229251365946","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251365946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) affects millions globally, notably in Brazil. The classical neurological presentation of this infection is HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). There is limited information on its association with lipid disorders and cardiovascular risks. Here, we compare the lipid profile of 30 people with HTLV-1 and HAM/TSP to 73 people with HTLV-1 without evidence of HAM/TSP from a Brazilian reference center between July 2021 and September 2023. People with HAM/TSP had lower levels of high-density lipoprotein and higher levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol than people without HAM/TSP. In addition, people with HAM/TSP had a sixfold risk increase for elevated LDL. Therefore, patients with HAM/TSP show an adverse lipid profile, indicating higher dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risks. Regular lipid monitoring in this group is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"500-503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between Matrix Metalloproteinase with Their Tissue Inhibitors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Chao Guo, Yushan Zhang, Xiujuan Li, Yujing Duan","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251359534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown an association between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) along with tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and CD4⁺ T cell count, a key clinical indicator for HIV progression, but the causality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between MMPs/TIMP and HIV. A genome-wide association study-based two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential causal links between MMPs/TIMP and HIV. This approach utilized robust estimators, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q, MR-Egger, leave-one-out, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropic effects. The IVW analysis in the forward MR study indicated that genetically predicted levels of MMP-3 [odds ratio or OR (95% confidence interval or CI) = 0.69 (0.47-1), <i>p</i> = .047], MMP-20 [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.43-0.97), <i>p</i> = .035], and TIMP-2 [OR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.47-0.97), <i>p</i> = .034] were potentially associated with a lower risk of HIV. MMP-13 exhibited a genetically predicted association with a higher risk of HIV [OR (95% CI) = 2 (1.17-3.41), <i>p</i> = .011]. Additionally, MMP-19 demonstrated a genetic association with CD4⁺ T cell absolute count [OR (95% CI) = 0.90 (0.81-1.00), <i>p</i> = .042). The reverse MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted liability to HIV was associated with a higher level of MMP-1 [OR (95% CI) = 1.04 (1.01-1.08), <i>p</i> = .024]. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were found between MMP-9 and HIV by Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger, but MR-PRESSO indicated no outliers. This study revealed a complex MMPs-TIMPs interplay influencing HIV risk. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"452-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Cardiovascular Risk Profiling in People Living with HIV: Insights from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.","authors":"Shigeru Hasebe, Masayuki Tanaka, Shiori Iwane, Toshikazu Tsuji, Hiroyuki Kushida, Maho Kikuta","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359555","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251359555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH), yet concerns about cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain, especially in aging populations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between ART regimens and CVD events in Japan using a nationwide pharmacovigilance database. We retrospectively analyzed reports from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database spanning April 2004 to September 2024. After removing duplicates and records with key missing data, 796,402 reports (Population A) were used for signal detection based on the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). A refined subset (Population B; 2,721 reports) underwent logistic regression to identify risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and total cardiovascular events (MACE plus angina). ART regimen classes (e.g., integrase strand transfer inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors) and backbone therapies [e.g., abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine] were included in the analysis. Signal detection revealed significant ABC signals in both ROR and IC analyses for MACE and total CVD events. In logistic regression, advanced age (≥70 years), ABC-containing regimens, and diabetes emerged as independent risk factors for MACE and total CVD events. Dyslipidemia and hypertension were not significant in the adjusted models. Our findings underscore a potentially heightened cardiovascular risk associated with ABC, particularly in older PLWH or those with diabetes. These results highlight the need to consider individual CVD risk profiles when selecting ART regimens and reinforce the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance to guide safer, more personalized treatment strategies worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"423-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Characteristics of an HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay Among Treatment-Naïve Individuals.","authors":"Xiaojuan Tan, Mervi Detorio, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Trudy Dobbs, Ernest L Yufenyuy, Bharat S Parekh","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0102","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asanté HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay identifies HIV-1 recent infection based on antibody avidity among newly diagnosed individuals. We estimated the mean duration of recent infection (MDRI), false recency rate (FRR), the probability of being classified as recent over time and examined the assay reproducibility. A total of 967 longitudinal plasma specimens from 180 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals, all antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve, from multiple countries were used to determine the MDRI, while cross-sectional plasma specimens from individuals infected for >1 year (total <i>n</i> = 1,285; <i>n</i> = 926 without AIDS; <i>n</i> = 359 with AIDS; all ART naïve) were tested to estimate the FRR. All specimens were tested by two testers and results were interpreted visually, followed by a line intensity reader. Linear interpolation and polynomial regression were used to estimate the duration of recent infection by subject. MDRI was calculated as a mean of individual duration of recency while FRR was calculated as a fraction of long-term (LT) cases that were misclassified as recent. The LT line intensity, a reflection of antibody avidity, demonstrated an overall increase over time, especially during the first year after seroconversion. The MDRI was 160 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 140-181] by linear interpolation and 167 days (95% CI, 147-187) by polynomial regression among ART-naïve cases. Probability of individuals testing as recent infection was 97.9% (95% CI, 93.9%-99.3%) by 1 month post-seroconversion and decreased to 10.3% (95% CI, 6.3%-16.5%) by 12 months. FRR was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-3.2%) among ART-naïve individuals infected >1 year and 5.1% (95% CI, 3.4%-7.8%) among patients with AIDS. The assay indicated high inter-tester reproducibility of 96.2%. It can be a valuable tool for program-based HIV-1 recent infection surveillance for a better understanding of risk factors of acquiring new infections. Our study provides evidence about the performance of the assay for data interpretation of recency surveillance among newly diagnosed individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"442-451"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}