AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Tracking HIV-1 Genetic Epidemiological Characteristics Among Recent Infections in Yunnan, China.","authors":"Haoru Yang, Xiaomei Jin, Huichao Chen, Lijuan Dong, Jie Dai, Min Yang, Chaojun Yang, Yu Han, Yuhua Shi, Yanling Ma, Manhong Jia, Min Chen","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yunnan Province is one of the provinces in China severely affected by HIV-1. To track the evolution and epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 genetics in Yunnan Province, this study conducted a retrospective molecular epidemiological study of HIV-1 in new infections in Yunnan Province. From the newly reported HIV-infected individuals throughout Yunnan Province from January to March 2018, cases with CD4⁺ T lymphocytes less than 200 cells/µL were excluded for BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). Samples identified as recent infections by BED-CEIA were subjected to viral gene amplification to analyze the distribution characteristics of HIV-1 genotypes and the prevalence of pretreatment resistance. Of the 1,740 samples tested by BED-CEIA, 448 were identified as newly infected, and 323 were successfully genotyped; 14 HIV-1 genotypes were identified, including 2 subtypes, 11 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and several unique recombinant forms (URFs), of which CRF08_BC (37. 5%, 121/323), CRF07_BC (22.6%, 73/323), URFs (18.3%, 59/323), and CRF01_AE (14.9%, 48/323) were the predominant genotypes. CRF08_BC had higher proportions in the northeastern, southeastern, central, and southwestern regions of Yunnan Province than in the northwestern region and was more common in the 40-49-year age group, married, and heterosexual contacts. CRF01_AE had significantly higher proportions in the southeastern and northwestern regions and among those with homosexual contact, whereas no significant correlations were found for CRF07_BC and URFs. The overall prevalence of pretreatment resistance was 8.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5%-12.4%], with the highest proportion of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.0%, 95% CI: 3.5%-9.4%). This study demonstrated the genetic diversity and regional and subpopulation distribution characteristics of the recently infected HIV-1 population in Yunnan Province, and that pretreatment resistance was at a moderate level, but resistance to NNRTIs needs attention. This study provided the baseline data for a systematic study of the evolution of HIV-1 genetics in a typical endemic area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"389-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Signatures of Immune Recovery in People Living with HIV on Long-Term Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Damian Vangelov, Radoslava Emilova, Yana Todorova, Ivailo Alexiev, Nina Yancheva, Suresh J Gadher, Maria Nikolova","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0111","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) bring forth an ever-growing percentage of aging people living with HIV (PLHIV) with successful immune restoration (SIR) but increased comorbidities and reduced quality of life. The current criteria for SIR, CD4 absolute count (AC) >500 cells/µL, are proving not to be sufficiently informative enough for preventing or monitoring these unwelcome changes. Messenger RNA (mRNA) of genes, such as CXCL8, IL-6, and CSF-2, that have shown relations with HIV/HIV-associated comorbidities could represent early indicators of increase in viral load and/or pathological changes leading development of comorbidities. Our results display an underexpression of CXCL8 and IL-6 in ART+ PLHIV with CD4 AC >1,000, but not with CD4 AC <1,000, compared to ART-PLHIV and lower levels of CSF-2 mRNA in ART+ CD4 AC >1,000 compared to ART+ CD4 AC <1,000. Taken together, these findings indicate the need to stratify and expand HIV monitoring beyond CD4 AC >500.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"414-417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Sometimes They Exclude Us because of Our Age-That's Not Right\": Perceptions of HIV Cure Research Among Diverse Long-Term Survivors in the United States.","authors":"Ali Ahmed, Jeff Taylor, Sithara Deshan Diunugala, Rachel Lau, Joyce Ching-Jung Lai, Michael Louella, Jeff Berry, Tricia H Burdo, Michael J Peluso, Lynda Dee, Karine Dubé","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0117","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV cure research has advanced, utilizing analytical treatment interruption (ATI) as a research tool alongside therapeutic strategies such as latency-reversing agents, block and lock strategies, immune-based therapies, cell and gene therapies, and combination approaches to overcome viral persistence. While promising, participation in cure trials remains limited, particularly for long-term survivors (LTS) who have lived with HIV for decades. Many LTS are willing to participate but face barriers such as age-based exclusions, comorbidities, and trial design constraints. With over half of the people with HIV in the United States aged 50 or older, addressing these barriers is crucial to designing inclusive, equitable, and representative cure trials. We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with LTS of HIV, aged 60 years and older, recruited through community-based organizations and research networks across the United States. Participants were diverse in age, sex, gender, race, and ethnicity. We transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed interviews thematically. Most participants expressed a willingness to participate in HIV cure research, driven by a sense of responsibility and hope for future generations. However, concerns were raised about age-based exclusions from HIV cure trials, which many participants viewed as unjust given their long-term experience with HIV and commitment to finding a cure that could potentially benefit people of their age. Additional concerns included the risks of ATIs, such as viral rebound and the development of viral resistance, along with logistical challenges, including transportation and invasiveness of certain procedures. Despite these barriers, most LTS indicated they would participate in HIV cure trials if researchers addressed their concerns about safety, accessibility, and inclusion. LTS emphasized the need for transparent communication, clear informed consent, and flexible trial designs that accommodate their needs. By addressing these concerns, researchers can engage LTS more meaningfully in HIV cure research, enriching the field and promoting more inclusive and ethical study designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"373-388"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Markers and Immunological Trajectories in a Cohort of Patients with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals.","authors":"Gina Simoncini, Jun Li, Cynthia Mayer, Lauren F Collins, Linda Battalora, Kate Buchacz","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persons with HIV (PWH) have disproportionate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence and liver-related morbidity and mortality. These sequelae may be alleviated by curative direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment; however, longitudinal effects of DAAs on clinical biomarkers are not well-characterized. We included PWH enrolled in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) who were prescribed DAAs and DAA-naïve PWH of comparable age, sex, race/ethnicity, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) profiles. We contrasted the DAA effect on longitudinal trajectories of immunological and hepatic markers using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) from 2010 to 2020. Of 347 PWH/HCV coinfection, median age was 53.8 years, 30.5% were women, 67.1% were publicly insured, 44.4% were non-Hispanic Black, and 153 (44.1%) were prescribed DAAs (median follow-up = 3.55 years). In multivariable GLMM analysis, DAA treatment was associated with [mean (95% confidence interval)] faster decline in alanine aminotransferase of -7.86 mu/µL/year (-15.39, -0.33) and faster increase in platelets of 6.99 mu/µL/year (2.89, 11.09). Changes in aspartate aminotransferase were comparable between groups. FIB-4 decreased in the DAA-treated but not the DAA-naïve group: -0.26 (-0.41, -0.11) versus 0.02 (-0.16, 0.20)/year, respectively. There was a faster increase in cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count of 0.05 (0.03-0.08) and CD8 count of 0.04 (0.02-0.07) log cells/mL/year in the DAA-treated compared with the DAA-naïve group (<i>p</i> < .001), but not in the CD4/CD8 ratio (<i>p</i> = .36). Among U.S. PWH/HCV coinfection treated with DAAs, we found modest changes in immunological markers and substantial improvements in hepatic markers modeled over 4 years of DAA treatment. Curative DAA treatment is critical to mitigate advanced liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"400-410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Reprogramming of Peripheral Eosinophils in Lentivirus-Infected Rhesus Macaques.","authors":"Rhianna Jones, Ameera Afifi, R Keith Reeves, Cordelia Manickam","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As innate immune cells, granulocytic eosinophils form part of the first line of defense against pathogens. While recent studies indicate that granulocytes have additional functions including anti-inflammatory roles, tissue homeostasis maintenance, remodeling, and trained innate immune memory, they remain understudied in viral infections, specifically in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Using a rhesus macaque model of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection, we evaluated the functional responses of peripheral granulocytes using a newly developed whole blood intracellular cytokine staining assay. We observed elevated secretion of interleukin 8 and reduced secretion of tumor necrosis factor α in peripheral eosinophils from SHIV-infected animals stimulated with lipopolysaccharide compared to experimentally naive animals. Our data suggest potential functional skewing of peripheral eosinophils towards an enhanced effector response against secondary stimuli, warranting further investigation into the mechanistic understanding of granulocyte functions to inform developing HIV therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"411-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISSyphilis and the Risk of HIV Infection: A Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Xinye Chen","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to assess the causal effect of syphilis on HIV infection by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. The data of syphilis and HIV infection were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using methods such as weighted median, MR Egger, and inverse variance to evaluate the causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Gene expression data of persons living with HIV (PLWH) and single-cell RNA sequencing profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Analysis involved the identification of key molecules and relevant signaling pathways. MR analysis showed a significant causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection [weighted median, odds ratio (OR): 1.098, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.033-1.217, <i>p</i> = .003; inverse variance weighted, OR: 1.095, 95% CI: 1.048-1.145, <i>p</i> < .001]. We discovered that rs138697742, a genetic variant related to the RPAIN gene, is associated with HIV infection and influences the expression of RPAIN, possibly contributing to the progression of the disease. Moreover, single-cell data analysis revealed the cellular communication patterns within PLWH, with monocytes appearing to play a crucial role. In summary, our study reveals a direct causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Additionally, the upregulation of RPAIN gene expression resulting from genetic mutations may serve as a key factor in promoting the progression of HIV infection. Targeting the RPAIN/GALECTIN merges as a promising novel therapeutic target for managing HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Notes: Genomic Characterization of Two Novel HIV-1 Recombinant Forms (B/C) Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hebei, China.","authors":"Xuanhe Zhao, Zhixia Chen, Jian Du, Haoxi Shi, Sisi Chen, Weiguang Fan","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08892229251359663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genetic diversity of HIV-1, driven by mutation and recombination, poses significant challenges to prevention and control efforts, particularly in regions like China where multiple subtypes and circulating recombinant forms co-circulate. Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a key population for the emergence of novel recombinants. This study characterizes two novel unique recombinant forms (URFs) identified within the MSM population in Hebei, China. Viral RNA extraction, amplification, and near full-length genome (NFLG) sequencing were performed. Phylogenetic analysis based on NFLG alignments was conducted in MEGA 6 under the Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Recombination was assessed using the Recombinant Identification Program and SimPlot v3.5.1. Breakpoint-defined regions were phylogenetically analyzed, and recombination maps were generated. Phylogenetic and recombinant analysis based on NFLG sequences (designated BDL061 and BDL071) revealed that they originated from subtypes B and C. BDL061 exhibited a predominantly subtype B backbone with interspersed subtype C segments, while BDL071 displayed a predominantly subtype C backbone with subtype B segments. Phylogenetic analysis of recombinant segments strongly supported (bootstrap >90%) subtype B and C parental origins for the respective fragments. We report the identification and characterization of two phylogenetically distinct, novel HIV-1B/C URFs (BDL061 and BDL071) among MSM in Hebei, China. Their unique mosaic structures, differing predominant backbones, and confirmation as novel recombinants underscore the ongoing evolution and increasing complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic within this high-risk population in China. These findings highlight the critical need for NFLG-based surveillance to accurately track viral diversity and inform public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Cardiovascular Risk Profiling in People Living with HIV: Insights from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database.","authors":"Shigeru Hasebe, Masayuki Tanaka, Shiori Iwane, Toshikazu Tsuji, Hiroyuki Kushida, Maho Kikuta","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08892229251359555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved outcomes for people living with HIV (PLWH), yet concerns about cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain, especially in aging populations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between ART regimens and CVD events in Japan using a nationwide pharmacovigilance database. We retrospectively analyzed reports from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report Database spanning April 2004 to September 2024. After removing duplicates and records with key missing data, 796,402 reports (Population A) were used for signal detection based on the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). A refined subset (Population B; 2,721 reports) underwent logistic regression to identify risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and total cardiovascular events (MACE plus angina). ART regimen classes (e.g., integrase strand transfer inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors) and backbone therapies [e.g., abacavir (ABC)/lamivudine] were included in the analysis. Signal detection revealed significant ABC signals in both ROR and IC analyses for MACE and total CVD events. In logistic regression, advanced age (≥70 years), ABC-containing regimens, and diabetes emerged as independent risk factors for MACE and total CVD events. Dyslipidemia and hypertension were not significant in the adjusted models. Our findings underscore a potentially heightened cardiovascular risk associated with ABC, particularly in older PLWH or those with diabetes. These results highlight the need to consider individual CVD risk profiles when selecting ART regimens and reinforce the importance of ongoing pharmacovigilance to guide safer, more personalized treatment strategies worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Relationship Between Matrix Metalloproteinase with Their Tissue Inhibitors and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: A Two-Sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.","authors":"Chao Guo, Yushan Zhang, Xiujuan Li, Yujing Duan","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08892229251359534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have shown an association between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) along with tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and CD4⁺ T cell count, a key clinical indicator for HIV progression, but the causality remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between MMPs/TIMP and HIV. A genome-wide association study-based two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential causal links between MMPs/TIMP and HIV. This approach utilized robust estimators, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses including Cochran's Q, MR-Egger, leave-one-out, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests were employed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropic effects. The IVW analysis in the forward MR study indicated that genetically predicted levels of MMP-3 [odds ratio or OR (95% confidence interval or CI) = 0.69 (0.47-1), <i>p</i> = .047], MMP-20 [OR (95% CI) = 0.64 (0.43-0.97), <i>p</i> = .035], and TIMP-2 [OR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.47-0.97), <i>p</i> = .034] were potentially associated with a lower risk of HIV. MMP-13 exhibited a genetically predicted association with a higher risk of HIV [OR (95% CI) = 2 (1.17-3.41), <i>p</i> = .011]. Additionally, MMP-19 demonstrated a genetic association with CD4⁺ T cell absolute count [OR (95% CI) = 0.90 (0.81-1.00), <i>p</i> = .042). The reverse MR analysis indicated that genetically predicted liability to HIV was associated with a higher level of MMP-1 [OR (95% CI) = 1.04 (1.01-1.08), <i>p</i> = .024]. Heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were found between MMP-9 and HIV by Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger, but MR-PRESSO indicated no outliers. This study revealed a complex MMPs-TIMPs interplay influencing HIV risk. Future research should clarify underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between the History of Switching Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens and Lipid Profile in People Living with HIV: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Lei Wang, Mingzhe Yan, Reyisaimu Wumaierjiang, Qiqi Zhang, Jie Xiang, Yong Feng, Rui Li","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0079","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It remains unclear whether the history of switching antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens is a stand-alone risk factor for lipid deterioration in people living with HIV (PLWH). This study aims to explore the relationship between ART regimen switching history and lipid profiles in PLWH. This is a retrospective analysis of data from individuals with HIV infection aged 16-82, enrolled at Jinyintan Hospital in Wuhan, China, between January 2018 and June 2022. We investigated the potential link between their history of switching ART regimens and their lipid profiles. Locally weighted scatter plot smoother (LOESS) curves were used to depict the dynamic changes in lipid profiles over time. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to assess the differences in lipid levels between individuals with and without a history of ART switches. Out of 708 patients with HIV who began ART between January 2018 and June 2022, 207 (29%) switched regimens at least once, while 501 (71%) remained on their initial regimen throughout the study. Individuals with a history of switching ART exhibited less favorable lipid profiles as identified by LOESS analysis. Linear mixed-effects models indicate that participants who had not previously altered their ART regimens displayed notably lower levels of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, total cholesterol, and triglycerides compared to those with a history of ART regimen changes (total cholesterol to HDL ratio, difference -0.19, 95% CI: -0.34 to -0.04; total cholesterol, difference -0.13, 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.00; triglycerides, difference -0.27, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.11). In contrast, individuals with a history of ART regimen switching had noticeably lower HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [difference: 0.04; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.00 to 0.07]. This means that the history of switching ART regimens may be associated with lipid deterioration in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"357-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}