AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Temporal Analysis of HIV Burden in India and Its States Over Three Decades: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","authors":"Deepak Dhamnetiya, Tanishq Hitesh, Ravi Prakash Jha, Ritik Goyal","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2025.0018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a group of disorders caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Globally, 1.7 million people became newly infected with HIV in 2019. This study aims to assess trends in HIV burden in India and its states from 1990 to 2019 for tracking the progress of the National AIDS Control Program (NACP). This study assesses the burden of HIV in India and its states from 1990 to 2019, using data on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. The data are presented as age-standardized rates per 100,000 inhabitants, along with corresponding uncertainty intervals (95% UI) and the relative percentage change. Globally, there was a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of HIV from 37.59 cases per 100,000 in 1990 to 25.24 cases per 100,000 in 2019. However, in India, it increased from 3.43 cases per 100,000 to 5.01 cases per 100,000 during the same period. There was an increase in both HIV prevalence and HIV-related death rates in India and globally. The increases in estimates were smaller for the rest of the world compared to India. In India, age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALY rates of HIV were reportedly higher in males vis-à-vis females for all years between 1990 and 2019. Age-standardized HIV prevalence, HIV-associated mortality, and DALYs increased globally and in India from 1990 to 2019. Incidence increased in India, while it decreased globally during the same period. To identify bottlenecks in the current NACP recommendations, a multicentric study is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Reprogramming of Peripheral Eosinophils in Lentivirus-Infected Rhesus Macaques.","authors":"Rhianna Jones, Ameera Afifi, R Keith Reeves, Cordelia Manickam","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As innate immune cells, granulocytic eosinophils form part of the first line of defense against pathogens. While recent studies indicate that granulocytes have additional functions including anti-inflammatory roles, tissue homeostasis maintenance, remodeling, and trained innate immune memory, they remain understudied in viral infections, specifically in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Using a rhesus macaque model of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection, we evaluated the functional responses of peripheral granulocytes using a newly developed whole blood intracellular cytokine staining assay. We observed elevated secretion of interleukin 8 and reduced secretion of tumor necrosis factor α in peripheral eosinophils from SHIV-infected animals stimulated with lipopolysaccharide compared to experimentally naive animals. Our data suggest potential functional skewing of peripheral eosinophils towards an enhanced effector response against secondary stimuli, warranting further investigation into the mechanistic understanding of granulocyte functions to inform developing HIV therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking HIV-1 Genetic Epidemiological Characteristics Among Recent Infections in Yunnan, China.","authors":"Haoru Yang, Xiaomei Jin, Huichao Chen, Lijuan Dong, Jie Dai, Min Yang, Chaojun Yang, Yu Han, Yuhua Shi, Yanling Ma, Manhong Jia, Min Chen","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2025.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yunnan Province is one of the provinces in China severely affected by HIV-1. To track the evolution and epidemiological characteristics of HIV-1 genetics in Yunnan Province, this study conducted a retrospective molecular epidemiological study of HIV-1 in new infections in Yunnan Province. From the newly reported HIV-infected individuals throughout Yunnan Province from January to March 2018, cases with CD4⁺ T lymphocytes less than 200 cells/µL were excluded for BED capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA). Samples identified as recent infections by BED-CEIA were subjected to viral gene amplification to analyze the distribution characteristics of HIV-1 genotypes and the prevalence of pretreatment resistance. Of the 1,740 samples tested by BED-CEIA, 448 were identified as newly infected, and 323 were successfully genotyped; 14 HIV-1 genotypes were identified, including 2 subtypes, 11 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs), and several unique recombinant forms (URFs), of which CRF08_BC (37. 5%, 121/323), CRF07_BC (22.6%, 73/323), URFs (18.3%, 59/323), and CRF01_AE (14.9%, 48/323) were the predominant genotypes. CRF08_BC had higher proportions in the northeastern, southeastern, central, and southwestern regions of Yunnan Province than in the northwestern region and was more common in the 40-49-year age group, married, and heterosexual contacts. CRF01_AE had significantly higher proportions in the southeastern and northwestern regions and among those with homosexual contact, whereas no significant correlations were found for CRF07_BC and URFs. The overall prevalence of pretreatment resistance was 8.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.5%-12.4%], with the highest proportion of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.0%, 95% CI: 3.5%-9.4%). This study demonstrated the genetic diversity and regional and subpopulation distribution characteristics of the recently infected HIV-1 population in Yunnan Province, and that pretreatment resistance was at a moderate level, but resistance to NNRTIs needs attention. This study provided the baseline data for a systematic study of the evolution of HIV-1 genetics in a typical endemic area.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Signatures of Immune Recovery in People Living with HIV on Long-Term Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Damian Vangelov, Radoslava Emilova, Yana Todorova, Ivailo Alexiev, Nina Yancheva, Suresh J Gadher, Maria Nikolova","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) bring forth an ever-growing percentage of aging people living with HIV (PLHIV) with successful immune restoration (SIR) but increased comorbidities and reduced quality of life. The current criteria for SIR, CD4 absolute count (AC) >500 cells/µL, are proving not to be sufficiently informative enough for preventing or monitoring these unwelcome changes. Messenger RNA (mRNA) of genes, such as CXCL8, IL-6, and CSF-2, that have shown relations with HIV/HIV-associated comorbidities could represent early indicators of increase in viral load and/or pathological changes leading development of comorbidities. Our results display an underexpression of CXCL8 and IL-6 in ART+ PLHIV with CD4 AC >1,000, but not with CD4 AC <1,000, compared to ART-PLHIV and lower levels of CSF-2 mRNA in ART+ CD4 AC >1,000 compared to ART+ CD4 AC <1,000. Taken together, these findings indicate the need to stratify and expand HIV monitoring beyond CD4 AC >500.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to Bone Mineral Density Screening Recommendations in Older Adults with HIV.","authors":"Madison Martz, Nazar Akhverdyan, Melissa P Wilson, Jacob Walker, Sarah Gorvetzian, Lakshmi Chauhan, Kristine M Erlandson","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2025.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV guidelines recommend bone mineral density (BMD) screening by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for all postmenopausal women and all men ≥50 years, but uptake of these recommendations has been low. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of people with HIV (PWH) aged ≥65 or older engaged in routine care to determine DXA completion. We reviewed records of 300 patients (243 men; 57 women). 48% had a DXA scan ordered, and 85% of those with a DXA order had results available within the electronic record. Of those screened, 13% of women and 27% of men had normal BMD; 45% of women and 53% of men had osteopenia; and 42% of women and 20% of men had osteoporosis. Older PWH at the highest fracture risk were under-screened for low BMD, per current HIV guidelines. Improved fracture risk screening is needed for this high-risk patient population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Characteristics of an HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay Among Treatment-Naïve Individuals.","authors":"Xiaojuan Tan, Mervi Detorio, Vedapuri Shanmugam, Trudy Dobbs, Ernest L Yufenyuy, Bharat S Parekh","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asanté HIV-1 Rapid Recency Assay identifies HIV-1 recent infection based on antibody avidity among newly diagnosed individuals. We estimated the mean duration of recent infection (MDRI), false recency rate (FRR), the probability of being classified as recent over time and examined the assay reproducibility. A total of 967 longitudinal plasma specimens from 180 HIV-1 seroconverting individuals, all antiretroviral treatment (ART) naïve, from multiple countries were used to determine the MDRI, while cross-sectional plasma specimens from individuals infected for >1 year (total <i>n</i> = 1,285; <i>n</i> = 926 without AIDS; <i>n</i> = 359 with AIDS; all ART naïve) were tested to estimate the FRR. All specimens were tested by two testers and results were interpreted visually, followed by a line intensity reader. Linear interpolation and polynomial regression were used to estimate the duration of recent infection by subject. MDRI was calculated as a mean of individual duration of recency while FRR was calculated as a fraction of long-term (LT) cases that were misclassified as recent. The LT line intensity, a reflection of antibody avidity, demonstrated an overall increase over time, especially during the first year after seroconversion. The MDRI was 160 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 140-181] by linear interpolation and 167 days (95% CI, 147-187) by polynomial regression among ART-naïve cases. Probability of individuals testing as recent infection was 97.9% (95% CI, 93.9%-99.3%) by 1 month post-seroconversion and decreased to 10.3% (95% CI, 6.3%-16.5%) by 12 months. FRR was 2.1% (95% CI, 1.3%-3.2%) among ART-naïve individuals infected >1 year and 5.1% (95% CI, 3.4%-7.8%) among patients with AIDS. The assay indicated high inter-tester reproducibility of 96.2%. It can be a valuable tool for program-based HIV-1 recent infection surveillance for a better understanding of risk factors of acquiring new infections. Our study provides evidence about the performance of the assay for data interpretation of recency surveillance among newly diagnosed individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144257112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic Markers and Immunological Trajectories in a Cohort of Patients with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals.","authors":"Gina Simoncini, Jun Li, Cynthia Mayer, Lauren F Collins, Linda Battalora, Kate Buchacz","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2025.0001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persons with HIV (PWH) have disproportionate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence and liver-related morbidity and mortality. These sequelae may be alleviated by curative direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment; however, longitudinal effects of DAAs on clinical biomarkers are not well-characterized. We included PWH enrolled in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) who were prescribed DAAs and DAA-naïve PWH of comparable age, sex, race/ethnicity, and fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) profiles. We contrasted the DAA effect on longitudinal trajectories of immunological and hepatic markers using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) from 2010 to 2020. Of 347 PWH/HCV coinfection, median age was 53.8 years, 30.5% were women, 67.1% were publicly insured, 44.4% were non-Hispanic Black, and 153 (44.1%) were prescribed DAAs (median follow-up = 3.55 years). In multivariable GLMM analysis, DAA treatment was associated with [mean (95% confidence interval)] faster decline in alanine aminotransferase of -7.86 mu/µL/year (-15.39, -0.33) and faster increase in platelets of 6.99 mu/µL/year (2.89, 11.09). Changes in aspartate aminotransferase were comparable between groups. FIB-4 decreased in the DAA-treated but not the DAA-naïve group: -0.26 (-0.41, -0.11) versus 0.02 (-0.16, 0.20)/year, respectively. There was a faster increase in cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count of 0.05 (0.03-0.08) and CD8 count of 0.04 (0.02-0.07) log cells/mL/year in the DAA-treated compared with the DAA-naïve group (<i>p</i> < .001), but not in the CD4/CD8 ratio (<i>p</i> = .36). Among U.S. PWH/HCV coinfection treated with DAAs, we found modest changes in immunological markers and substantial improvements in hepatic markers modeled over 4 years of DAA treatment. Curative DAA treatment is critical to mitigate advanced liver fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Two Novel HIV-1 Unique Recombinant Forms Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Northern China.","authors":"Huan Li, Qi Guo, Yi Feng, Lingjie Liao, Qi Li, Hui Xing, Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although HIV-1 infection has now become a treatable chronic condition and not the deadly illness it once was, the costs of that treatment are substantial, and each infection prevented saves both financial and other costs. In China, the most predominant subtypes are CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE, and CRF55_01B, and the various second-generation recombinants are produced from the recombination between these subtypes. HIV full-length genome sequences can provide important information on their epidemiology. In this study, we identified two unique recombinant forms (URFs) designated as JLCC230106 and XJWQ230011, which are composed of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC and CRF07_BC/CRF55_01B, respectively. Phylogenetic and recombinant analyses utilizing near-full-length genome (NFLG) confirmed that these URFs originated from CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC and CRF07_BC/CRF55_01B strains. The emergence of novel recombinants is increasing the genetic diversity of HIV in China. This information can be shared with clinicians, human behavior specialists, or public health policymakers and used as an aid in discovering which methods are best or most cost-effective in combating the spread of HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Benefit of a Conservative Treatment for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Lesions in Patients with HIV.","authors":"Jesús Joaquín Hijona Elósegui, Antonio Luis Carballo García, Ana Cristina Fernández Rísquez, Jesús Carlos Presa Lorite, Gabriel Fiol Ruiz","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0067","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shows a higher risk of infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). We aim to provide evidence about the effect of a <i>Coriolus versicolor</i>-based vaginal gel (Papilocare®) for treating HPV in women with HIV. Women ≥25 years coinfected by endocervical HPV and with low-grade abnormal cervicovaginal cytology were treated for 6 months with Papilocare in this observational, prospective, noncontrolled pilot study. Cytology, colposcopy, biopsy, hybrid capture test, and 5-point Likert scale were assessed to evaluate cervical lesions repair, HPV clearance, and changes in cervical reepithelization, respectively, at 6 months. Fifteen patients (25-54 years) were included. Overall HPV clearance and cytological normalization rates were 73.3% and 80.0%, respectively, and 55.6% of the abnormal colposcopies were normalized. Reepithelialization index improved in 66.7% of cases. Papilocare may be effective for managing endocervical HPV infection in patients living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"233-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Dynamic Viral Rebound and Longitudinal Measures of Viral Load/CD4 Counts Among People with HIV in South Carolina.","authors":"Yunqing Ma, Jiajia Zhang, Jiayang Xiao, Xueying Yang, Sharon Weissman, Xiaoming Li, Bankole Olatosi","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0035","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring HIV viral rebound (VR) is crucial, as it indicates an increased risk of infection, transmission, disease progression, and drug resistance. This study aims to identify the association between dynamic VR and historical viral load (VL)/CD4 count measures. Fifteen-year South Carolina population-based electronic health record data were used for the study. VR was defined as the return of detectable levels of VL (>200 copies/mL) after stable viral suppression (VS) (two consecutive VS, i.e., VL ≤200 copies/mL). A generalized linear mixed model was used to evaluate the association between dynamic VR and historical time-dependent predictors, such as nadir CD4 count and comorbidities, within a year prior to each VR. Subgroup analysis for men who have sex with men (MSM) was also conducted. Among 8,185 people with HIV (PWH), 1,173 (14.3%) had a history of VR. Lower nadir CD4 count (≥500 vs. <200 cells/µL; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.43, 0.60]), younger age (>60 years old vs. 18-30 years old; aOR: 0.43, 95% CI: [0.29, 0.63]), and being Black (Black vs. White; aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: [1.34, 1.85]) were associated with a higher risk of VR, while MSM (MSM vs. heterosexual; aOR: 0.81, 95% CI: [0.67, 0.96]) were associated with decreased VR risk. The rate of VR among PWH in South Carolina is significant. Within-1-year VL/CD4 test is critical for identifying PWH at risk for VR. Tailored interventions are needed for PWH at risk for VR to achieve sustained suppression and better health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"253-262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}