AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Transient Viremia Among People with HIV Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine.","authors":"Lauren F O'Connor, Wei Li Adeline Koay, Justin Unternaher, Morgan Byrne, Anne K Monroe, Alan Greenberg, Amanda D Castel, Natella Rakhmanina","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0083","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) provides an effective treatment option for people with HIV (PWH). Studies suggest that PWH on LAI CAB/RPV may experience isolated episodes of transient viremia (HIV RNA > 20 copies/mL) defined as virologic blips (VB). The risk factors for VB in PWH receiving LAI CAB/RPV are limited. We aimed to describe a cohort of PWH on LAI CAB/RPV and evaluate risk factors and time to VB following LAI CAB/RPV initiation. We obtained DC Cohort data from PWH who initiated LAI CAB/RPV prior to July 2023 and used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between participant demographics, HIV clinical factors, and time to VB. Among 98 PWH who initiated LAI CAB/RPV, 9 (9.2%) experienced at least one VB (median HIV RNA = 50 copies/mL; ranges 30-12,000 copies/mL) during a median follow-up period of five months (IQR: 2-10). The median CD4 count among PWH was 754 cells/µL (IQR: 598, 980) at the time of LAI CAB/RPV initiation. Having a high CD4 (≥ 500 cells/μL) at LAI CAB/RPV initiation was significantly associated with a lower hazard for VB when compared to baseline CD4 < 200 cells/µL [hazard ratios (HR): 0.15 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.03, 0.77]; aHR: 0.07 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.50); log-rank <i>p</i> = .026]. No other characteristics were significantly associated with time to VB, and no participants experienced virologic failure. Considerations for baseline CD4 may be important when initiating a patient on LAI CAB/RPV, and future studies will help evaluate the VB occurrence and associated factors among PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"181-188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Late HIV Diagnosis on Costs of Care in a Public Health Care Setting.","authors":"Ranjit S Samra, Patricia M Griffiths, Sue J Lee, Emma L Smith, Phillip Rawson-Harris, Jennifer F Hoy, James H McMahon","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite increased HIV testing and access to treatment in Australia, presentations with advanced disease occur, placing a significant burden on the health system. We sought to describe costs associated with HIV care in the first year post diagnosis in a specialized, tertiary-level HIV service and identify factors predicting increased health care costs. People newly diagnosed with HIV from 2016 to 2020 were included in the study. Data were gathered regarding their demographics (age, gender, birthplace, and first language), HIV parameters (viral load [VL] and CD4 cell count), antiretroviral therapy start date, opportunistic illness history, and health care costs (inpatient, outpatient, and emergency) from 12 months of diagnosis. Multivariable modeling was used to identify factors associated with increased costs. We identified 147 people; median age 38 years, 90% male, median CD4 count at diagnosis 338 cells/µL with median initial cost of care AUD $22,929 (interquartile range $11,902-$39,175). Costs associated with advanced HIV diagnosis (CD4 < 200 cells/µL; <i>n</i> = 52) were more than double an early HIV diagnosis (CD4 ≧ 350 cells/µL; <i>n</i> = 69) (median $46,406 vs. $20,274; <i>p</i> < .001). In univariate analysis, older age, higher VL, low CD4 count, and VL >200 copies/mL after 6 months were associated with increased costs. In multivariate analysis, older age (<i>p</i> = .001) and CD4 count <200 cells/µL (<i>p</i> = .001) were the only factors predicting increased cost in the first year after HIV diagnosis. Prioritizing HIV testing strategies to allow earlier diagnosis of HIV would significantly reduce the financial burden of HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Characterization HTLV-1 Complete Genomes from Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Argentinean Patients.","authors":"María Verónica Pineda, Paola Miyazato, Maximiliano Distefano, Benjy Tan Jek Yang, Marcelo Golemba, María Belén Bouzas, Yorifumi Satou, Andrea Mangano","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL/ATLL) and is related to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The factors that influence the development of the disease remain unknown. The majority of HTLV-1 patients remain asymptomatic throughout their lives, while 2.5%-5% developed ATLL and 0.3%-2% HAM/TSP. About 10 to 20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV-1. In Argentina, HTLV-1 infection has been documented particularly in the northeast provinces neighboring Bolivia and Paraguay. This study aims to analyze the nine complete genomes of HTLV-1 from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients using next-generation sequencing. Mutation analysis and identification of viral integration sites were performed. Mutation analysis revealed distinct mutation patterns, identifying clusters associated with HAM/TSP and lymphoma patients. Multiple integration sites across different chromosomes were found, suggesting random integration without specific hotspots. A defective provirus was identified in a lymphoma patient, potentially impacting immune evasion and clonal expansion. Complete HTLV-1 genome sequences from circulating strains in Argentina were obtained for the first time. This contributes to the knowledge of the genetic variability of the virus and its integration sites in the human genome and reveals that the nature of the HTLV-1 provirus in natural infection is complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Anemia Is an Independent Risk Factor for In-Hospital Death in Persons Living with HIV in Southern China: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Yingji Lan, Zhiman Xie, Qin Cao, Chen Mai, Liping Cheng, Huan Ning, Qianqian Huang, Zhuoxin Li, Ping Cui, Li Ye, Hao Liang, Jiegang Huang","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the impact of anemia severity during antiretroviral therapy (ART) on in-hospital mortality among persons living with HIV. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized persons living with HIV at the Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi, China, from 2018 to 2020. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to calculate cumulative mortality rates. The Cox proportional hazards model, 1:1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), and three-group inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to assess the impact of anemia severity on mortality in hospitalized persons living with HIV. A total of 2,217 hospitalized persons living with HIV were included, among whom 409 (18.4%) had anemia: 50 (2.3%) with mild anemia, 174 (7.8%) with moderate anemia, and 185 (8.3%) with severe anemia. Among all AIDS-related complications, patients with severe anemia had a higher mortality rate [20.34/100 person-months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 13.29-27.39], significantly higher than that of persons living with HIV without anemia (7.74/100 person-months, 95% CI: 6.02-9.45); the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) was 2.422, with a 95% CI of (1.500, 3.913). After PSM and IPTW analyses, results were similar, with PSM (AHR: 4.745, 95% CI: 2.231-10.091) and IPTW (AHR: 1.920, 95% CI: 1.146-3.216). Patients with CD4⁺ T cell counts below 350 per μL and severe anemia had an increased mortality risk. Severe anemia is an independent risk factor for in-hospital death in persons living with HIV in Southern China. The importance of timely identification and assessment of anemia severity during ART and prompt treatment to correct anemia, which is crucial for improving anemia burden and prognosis for persons living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Support of Multidimensional Frailty: A Structural Equation Model from the Canadian Positive Brain Health Now Cohort.","authors":"Mehmet Inceer, Jan R Boehnke, Marie-Josée Brouillette, Lesley K Fellows, Nancy Mayo","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0126","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to estimate the structure and relationships between four h ypothesized frailty dimensions (physical, emotional, cognitive, and social) and the extent to which personal and HIV-related factors and comorbidity associate with these frailty dimensions. This is a secondary analysis of an existing dataset arising from Positive Brain Health Now study (<i>n</i> = 856) in people aging with HIV (mean age: 52.3 ± 8.1 years). Structural equation modeling (SEM) models were applied to two cross-sections of the data: one at study entry and one at second visit, 9-month apart. Multidimensional frailty was modeled based on the combined Wilson-Cleary and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Four dimensions were operationalized with patient-reported and self-report measures from standardized questionnaires. The SEM model from the first visit was replicated using data from the second visit, testing measurement invariance. The proposed model showed acceptable fit at both visits (including no violation of measurement invariance). The final model for the first visit showed that sex, body mass index, HIV diagnosis pre-1997, current or nadir CD4 counts, and comorbidity did not associate with any frailty dimension; however, age (β range: 0.12-0.25), symptoms (β range: -0.35 to -0.58), and measured cognition (β range: 0.10-0.24) directly associated with all frailty dimensions. The model remained stable across the two visits. This study contributes evidence for operationalizing multidimensional frailty. Evidence-based interventions are available for many of the measures considered here, offering opportunities to improve the lives of people with frailty in the context of HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"132-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural Stability as a Measure of Fall Risk in Older People with and without HIV.","authors":"Mary Clare Masters, Laura M Campbell, Jimmy Yu, Anne Heaton, Kristine M Erlandson, Hari Garudadri, Truong Nguyen, David J Moore, Raeanne C Moore","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0046","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the number of older people with HIV (PWH) grows, accidental falls and their associated negative health outcomes are of increasing concern. Fall risk can be measured using novel screening tools such as evaluating postural stability using force plate technology. The aims of this study were to test this technology to assess fall risk among older PWH. In a cross-sectional, observational study of people without HIV (PWoH) with a range of fall risk, participants underwent balance assessment using the validated BTrackS balance plate. Postural stability was compared by HIV serostatus. Multivariable linear regressions were used to examine the relationship between postural stability and validated measures of fall risk balance and frailty status. Among 34 PWH and 30 PWoH, all ≥50 years, postural stability was worse among PWH (35.4 cm vs. 28.3 cm, <i>p</i> = .07). In multivariable models, worse postural stability was associated with reporting a fall in the past 6 months (β = 0.32, <i>p</i> = .004), worse fall efficacy (β = 0.45, <i>p</i> < .001), and being frail or prefrail (β = 0.26, <i>p</i> = .027). In multivariable models stratified by HIV serostatus, worse postural stability was significantly associated with worse fall efficacy (β = 0.53, <i>p</i> < .01) and lower balance confidence (β = -0.33, <i>p =</i>. 04) among PWH but not PWoH. Among older PWH and PWoH, worse postural stability was associated with validated measures of fall risk, including history of falls and poorer fall efficacy. Assessment of postural sway is a promising objective screening test for fall risk among older PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"124-131"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Characterization of HIV-1 <i>tat</i> Gene from Virologically Controlled Aging Individuals with HIV on Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy.","authors":"Nathan Kummet, Neha Mishra, Adela Diaz, Nicholas Cusick, Stephen Klotz, Nafees Ahmad","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0029","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) that reduces the viral load to undetectable levels and improve CD4 T cell counts, viral eradication has not been achieved due to HIV-1 persistence in resting CD4⁺ T-cells. We, therefore, characterized the <i>tat</i> gene, which is essential for HIV-1 replication and pathogenesis, from 20 virologically controlled aging individuals with HIV (HIV⁺) on long-term ART and improved CD4⁺ T-cell counts, with a particular focus on older individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell genomic DNA from HIV⁺ were used to amplify <i>tat</i> gene by polymerase chain reaction followed by nucleotide sequencing and analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that each HIV⁺ <i>tat</i> sequences were confined to their own subtrees and well discriminated from other HIV⁺ sequences. Moreover, there was a low degree of viral heterogeneity and lower estimates of genetic diversity within these individuals' <i>tat</i> sequences, which decreased with increasing CD4 T counts in these HIV⁺. Most HIV⁺ Tat deduced amino acid sequences showed intact open reading frames and maintained the important functional domains for Tat functions, including transactivation, TAR binding, and nuclear localization. Furthermore, Tat-deduced amino acid sequences showed variation in previously characterized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) epitopes, suggesting escape mutants. In conclusion, a low degree of genetic variability and conservation of functional domains and variations in CTL epitopes were the features of <i>tat</i> sequences that may be contributing to viral persistence in these 20 aging individuals with HIV on long-term ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"143-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leukemia-Related Signaling Pathways Among HTLV-1-Derived Adult T Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma and Asymptomatic Carriers in Comparison to Normal Group.","authors":"Saber Soltani, Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani, Roozbeh Roohinezhad, Setareh Hedayati Emami, Mah Hedayati Emami, Setayesh Solooki, Mina Fattah Hesari, Niloofar Doroozeh, Mehdi Norouzi","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a fetal malignant infection. Recently, HTLV-1 new asymptomatic carriers (ACs) have frequently been reported among blood donors. Reaching the profound concept of HTLV-1-associated molecular pathogenesis could result in finding novel therapeutic strategies. The current study aimed to determine leukemia-related signaling regulation in ATLL. Thirty participants were evaluated in 3 groups, including 10 ATLL patients, 10 ACs, and 10 normal controls. Blood samples were isolated without any chemotherapy history from ATLL patients. Also, blood samples were recovered from ACs and normal individuals. White blood cells isolation was done on the collected blood samples. After this, RNA was extracted from the prepared samples and used for the cDNA synthesis. <i>TAX</i> and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor as viral genes and cellular genes, including <i>MKP-1</i>, <i>EVI-1</i>, <i>JNK-1</i>, <i>FOXO-1</i>, <i>AKT-1</i>, <i>DEPTOR</i>, <i>MTOR</i>, and <i>JUN</i>, were investigated using real-time PCR. The mean age of ATLL patients was 53.2 ± 7.32 years, and 9 (90%) were male. The <i>EVI-1</i> and <i>FOXO-1</i> expression levels were significantly associated with ATLL patients compared with the internal control. However, the significant differences in expression of other genes in the remaining groups were not seen. Discovering viral and cellular signaling pathways that regulate HTLV-1 transformation is essential. A novel therapeutic strategy for ATLL-regulating cellular signaling pathways <i>in vivo</i> could be considered. Therefore, clinical trials using activators and inhibitors of related cellular signaling pathways for cell therapy of ATLL are recommended. It is recommended that more investigation be conducted on <i>FOXO-1</i> and <i>EVI-1</i> to target these genes and reveal the molecular pathogenesis of ATLL.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcytosis as a Mechanism of HIV-1 Entry into Columnar Epithelial Explants of the Female Reproductive Tract.","authors":"Ann M Carias, Meegan Anderson, Michael McRaven, Edward Allen, Angela J Fought, Thomas J Hope","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0045","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During male-to-female transmission, HIV-1 must cross the mucosal epithelium of the female reproductive tract to gain access to underlying target cells. Previously, we demonstrated that HIV-1 can penetrate intact columnar and squamous genital epithelia in both <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> systems. We found that the virus enters the squamous epithelium via a diffusion-based mechanism, but the mechanism of entry in columnar epithelium remained elusive. Using a similar set of approaches, we now demonstrate that HIV enters the endocervical simple columnar epithelium via endocytosis. By exposing human endocervical explant tissue to small molecule endocytosis inhibitors prior to virus exposure, we show that virus penetration into the simple columnar barrier is impeded. These data suggest a transcytosis-based mechanism for HIV-1 penetration into the endocervical columnar barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"167-173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Gut Vascular Barrier Proteins in HIV-Induced Mucosal Damage: A Comparative Study.","authors":"Li Jin, Rong Hu, Yong Qing, Zhen Rang, Fan Cui","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0077","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to compare intestinal mucosal damage and the expression levels of occludin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, β-catenin, and plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (PLVAP) in the gut vascular barrier (GVB) among people living with HIV (PLWH), asymptomatic PLWH, and healthy volunteers (non-PLWH). Three groups were selected for the study: PLWH, asymptomatic PLWH, and healthy volunteers. Colonic mucosal tissue samples were collected via colonoscopy from all participants. Histological examination of the colonic mucosa was conducted using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression levels of occludin, ZO-1, VE-cadherin, β-catenin, and PLVAP were assessed using RT-qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analyses. Pathological scores of colonic mucosa in PLWH and asymptomatic PLWH were significantly higher than those in non-PLWH (<i>p</i> < .001 and <i>p</i> = .0056, respectively). CD4⁺ T cell counts in asymptomatic PLWH and non-PLWH were significantly higher than in PLWH (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The CD4⁺/CD8+ T cell ratio in non-PLWH significantly exceeded those in PLWH and asymptomatic PLWH (<i>p</i> < .05). Analysis of protein and mRNA expression revealed: (1) no statistically significant differences in PLVAP-mRNA expression across all groups (<i>p</i> > .05); (2) higher PLVAP protein levels in PLWH compared with asymptomatic PLWH and non-PLWH (<i>p</i> < .05), with no significant differences between asymptomatic PLWH and non-PLWH (<i>p</i> = .632); (3) significantly higher PLVAP expression in the colonic mucosa of PLWH and asymptomatic PLWH compared with non-PLWH (<i>p</i> = .034 and <i>p</i> = .011, respectively), with no significant differences between PLWH and asymptomatic PLWH (<i>p</i> > .999). ZO-1 expression was significantly lower in PLWH than in non-PLWH (<i>p</i> = .012), with no notable differences between asymptomatic PLWH and other groups. PLWH, compared with healthy controls, exhibit significant inflammatory changes in the intestinal mucosa. PLVAP expression serves as a potential indicator to assess the extent of GVB damage and disease progression in PLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}