AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"IL-15/IL-15Ra Synergies with IL-12 to Induce Functional CD8 T Cells and NK Cells During Chronic SHIV Infection.","authors":"Sakthivel Govindaraj, Chris Ibegbu, Syed A Ali, Hemalatha Babu, Uma Shanmugasundaram, Francois Villinger, Rama Rao Amara, Vijayakumar Velu","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0043","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytokines are key mediators of immune regulation, orchestrate communication between immune cells, and play a pivotal role in shaping the immune landscape during chronic infection and cancer. The therapeutic potential of IL-15/IL-15Rα and IL-12 has been explored individually in various immunotherapeutic strategies, though not as a combination. Therefore, we investigated whether the combination of IL-15/IL-15Rα and IL-12 treatment would enhance the potency and quality of either NK cells, SIV-specific CD8 T cells, or both, compared with single cytokine treatment. Our findings reveal that <i>in vitro</i> IL-15/IL-15Rα and IL-15/IL-15Rα plus IL-12 treatment results in an expansion of functional CD8 T cells and NK cells from uninfected and chronically infected macaques with simian/human immunodeficiency virus. Additionally, the cytokine combination significantly reduced CCR5 expression on total CD4 T cells, limiting the number of viral targets. This study supports the potential utilization of combined IL-15/IL-15Rα plus IL-12 treatment for chronic viral infections and cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"120-123"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-Full-Length Genomic Characterization of Two Novel HIV-1 Unique Recombinants (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) and (CRF01_AE/CRF68_01B) in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Lixuan Zhang, Yuxin Feng, Kuiling Shen, Lijing Wang, Yuling Wang, Jianhua Lu, Huixia Gao, Hanping Li, Jingwan Han, Lin Li, Erhei Dai","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heterosexual transmission (HETE) represents the predominant method of transmission for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China. The number of circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs) continues to increase in this region. In the present study, two novel URFs (TFH010919 and TFH010944) were identified, both derived from HETEs in the Shijiazhuang area. The phylogenetic and recombination breakpoint analyses conducted on the near-full-length genomes of the two novel URFs revealed that the CRF01_AE strains serve as the predominant backbones for both TFH010919 and TFH010944. TFH010919 is a second-generation recombinant form composed of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, whereas TFH010944 is formed by the combination of CRF01_AE and CRF68_01B. This finding indicates that HIV-1 prevalence among HETEs remains a significant concern, driven by complex sexual networks that facilitate the spread of diverse recombinant strains, providing more opportunities for the recombination of viruses. The emergence of these new URFs revealed the ongoing evolution of HIV-1 and underscores the critical need for continuous monitoring of viral diversity in Hebei Province and surrounding regions to control HIV-1 transmission within the vulnerable population and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Fluid Biomarkers of Neurological Injury in HIV-1-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.","authors":"Meijuan Yang, Xiaomei Zhang, Dong Zhang, Yamin Zhang, Jiamei Wang, Yi Zhang, Cheng Gu, Xingwang Zhang, Lianhua Wei","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since combined antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive dysfunction (HAND) only slows the disease's progression, early identification and timely intervention are crucial for effective therapy. In this article, we review the latest evidence in body fluid biomarkers of HAND, providing an overview of research conducted on cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples to draw conclusions on promising biomarkers. Although the significance of biomarkers such as amyloid metabolites, tau proteins, neurofilament light chain, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the early detection of HAND may not be immediately clear, they could potentially play a crucial role in evaluating prognosis and tracking the effectiveness of treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned in Eliciting Systematic Participant Perspectives in a Combination HIV Cure Research Trial.","authors":"Karine Dubé, Hursch Patel, Steven Meanley, Lynda Dee, Anastasia Korolkova, Fang Wan, Shadi Eskaf, Meghann Williams, Rebecca Hoh, Steven G Deeks, Michael J Peluso, Jeremy Sugarman, John A Sauceda","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0086","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current trials toward an HIV cure involve combination strategies aimed at achieving durable antiretroviral treatment (ART)-free viral control or HIV elimination, many relying on analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) to evaluate efficacy. Given the physical, psychosocial, and interpersonal risks associated with ATIs, it is critical to monitor participants' experiences so that support can be provided when needed. While qualitative approaches have been used in similar settings, we designed and implemented a series of short, closed-ended participant surveys in the University of California, San Francisco-amfAR trial, a single-arm multi-intervention HIV cure-related trial with an extended ATI. Surveys were administered at relevant trial timepoints to capture participants' (<i>n</i> = 10) perspectives and experiences. These included their understanding of the trial, motivations, expectations, perceived risks, benefits, and burdens of trial participation, and their perspectives on restarting ART and partner protections. We describe these data using descriptive statistics and summarize lessons learned from implementing quantitative surveys in this complex trial. Our data indicate that all respondents understood the scientific goals and requirements of participating in the trial. Most were motivated to help advance research but many expressed anxiety about participating. During the trial, respondents had limited side effects, discomfort, and trial burnout. Those who completed surveys at ART restart reported mixed (positive and negative) feelings and challenges (e.g., missed doses) when restarting ART. Participants offered various methods for partner protection during ATIs and at ART restart. Many respondents expressed future willingness to participate in a similar HIV cure trial. While the number of respondents was small, these findings are consistent with concerns identified in guidance regarding these types of trials as well as qualitative findings from earlier studies. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is feasible to implement quantitative evaluations of participants' experiences. Such approaches should be implemented in future HIV cure trials to optimize human-centered research implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of INSTI on a Drug-Resistant Mutation (S68S Insertion) in a Patient Infected with HIV-1 CRF06_cpx.","authors":"Young-Keol Cho, Jinny Lee","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.2024.0107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previously, we reported a T69S insertion in the circulating recombinant form 06_cpx in a patient infected with HIV-1 during the perinatal period. Through this study, we found that the T69S insertion in our previous report was actually an S68S insertion. The patient was treated with zidovudine and didanosine, followed by combination antiretroviral therapy. The introduction of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) completely suppressed plasma viral RNA to <20 copies/mL and reverted the S68S insertion to wild-type; there was no evidence of an S68S insertion for 3 years. Here, we report the impact of integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) treatment on drug resistance mutations (DRMs) over a further 10 years. The S68S insertion disappeared after 3 months of INSTI therapy, and the number of DRMs decreased. There were no major DRMs to INSTI in either the patient or her parents. These data highlight the utility of combination therapy with INSTI and KRG.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Willingness to Switch to Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Every 2 Months for People Living with HIV in Nanjing, China.","authors":"Mengqing Li, Hongjing Guan, Mingli Zhong, Xiaoyun Di, Nawei Yu, Chen Chen, Rentian Cai, Hongxia Wei","doi":"10.1089/aid.2023.0150","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2023.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Daily oral medication is currently the most common antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). As the first complete long-acting (LA) ART regimen, cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV), offer a novel treatment approach with less frequent administration, via bimonthly infusion. Due to the upcoming availability of this regimen in China, the study aimed to analyze the willingness and reasons of PLWH to switch to CAB+RPV therapy. A questionnaire survey among PLWH receiving oral ART was carried out between March 25 and April 8, 2023, in the Second Hospital of Nanjing, China. Participants were asked about their willingness to switch to the CAB+RPV LA regimen and provided reasons for their decision. We analyzed the reasons for switching, and the factors affecting their willingness were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression. Among 693 participants, 56.7% expressed willingness to switch to the CAB+RPV regimen, 32.6% were uncertain, and 10.7% were unwilling. The primary reason for switching to CAB+RPV therapy was not being concerned about daily adherence to ART (22.6%). Uncertainty about switching was mainly associated with participants' concerns in terms of price (31.6%) and safety (31.1%) of the novel drugs. Unwillingness was mainly due to participants' satisfaction with their current treatment regimen (20.3%). In multivariate analysis, higher education (odds ratio [<i>OR</i>]: 2.990; 95% confidence interval [<i>CI</i>]: 1.171-7.636) was positively associated with willingness to switch, whereas the age of ≥60 (<i>OR</i>: 0.142; 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.036-0.554) was negatively associated. Our survey demonstrated that the majority of PLWH were willing to switch to CAB+RPV therapy, mainly due to its improved convenience and reduced risk of disease exposure. However, their concerns regarding price, efficacy, and safety could be the key challenges for the clinical implementation of the CAB+RPV LA regimen in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"107-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142811915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rs1799884 <i>Glucokinase</i> Gene Polymorphism Modulates Susceptibility to HIV Status and CD4 Cell Count and Viral Load before and After Treatment in AIDS Progressors.","authors":"Soufiane Hilmi, Ahd Ouladlahsen, Bouchaib Bencharki, Asmaa Haddaji, Sanaa Jebbar, Rajaa Bensghir, Mustapha Sodqi, Latifa Marih, Kamal Marhoum El Filali, Soumaya Benjelloun, Sayeh Ezzikouri","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0009","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a retrovirus targeting the immune system and the primary agent causing acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), can have fatal consequences. Although antiretroviral treatment has significantly reduced mortality and comorbidity in people living with HIV (PLHIV), its impact on metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains notable. Several genome-wide association studies have identified a link between the <i>glucokinase</i> gene (<i>GCK</i>) and MetS, particularly in type 2 diabetes. However, no studies have investigated the association between this gene and HIV status. Our study aims to evaluate the association of the rs1799884 polymorphism in the <i>GCK</i> gene with HIV status in a group of Moroccan patients. This case-control study includes 207 PLHIV and 181 HIV-uninfected controls. Genotyping of the rs1799884 polymorphism in the <i>GCK</i> gene was performed using a predesigned TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assay. The genotypic distribution between PLHIV and HIV-uninfected controls revealed a significant difference. Patients with the CT genotype had a 4.47-fold increased risk of infection [odds ratio (OR) = 4.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.75-7.29; <i>p</i> = .001]. However, the TT genotype conferred protection against HIV in a recessive model (OR = 0.50; 95% CI = 0.28-0.91; <i>p</i> = .021). Interestingly, the risk associated with the CT genotype was even higher in AIDS-related cases (OR = 9.37; 95% CI = 4.32-20.36; <i>p</i> = .0001). Additionally, under the dominant model, individuals with CT and TT genotypes had a 7.67-fold increased risk of infection (OR = 7.67; 95% CI = 3.60-16.36; <i>p</i> < .0001). However, the TT genotype under the recessive model was not significantly associated with disease progression. No significant association was observed between these genotypes and CD4 count; however, there was a significant variation in viral load after treatment. Our findings suggest that the rs1799884-C/T variant of the <i>GCK</i> gene may influence susceptibility to HIV status, progression to AIDS, and response to treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142805976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Follow-Up of Persons Living with Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection at a Large HIV Treatment Clinic in Trinidad.","authors":"Jonathan Edwards, Gregory Boyce, Nyla Lyons, Selena Todd, Wendy Samaroo Francis, Elise Raeburn, Robert Jeffrey Edwards","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0052","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Data on persons with perinatally acquired HIV infection in the Caribbean are limited; thus, a chart review was conducted among these clients at an adult HIV treatment clinic in Trinidad over the period January 01, 2011-June 30, 2023. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted and analyzed using RStudio version 2021.09.0. Fifty-four study participants were followed up, age range 18-29 years, and there were 27 (50%) males. Eighteen participants (33.3%) were institutionalized until the age of 18 years, while 36 (66.7%) lived with caregivers/relatives and attended outpatient pediatric clinic. The transition from the sheltered environment of pediatric care to the adult HIV clinic was turbulent for some participants as they experienced HIV-related stigma, which may result in poor HIV outcomes. At the initial clinic visit, 28 (51.9%) study participants were virally suppressed (HIV viral load <1,000 copies/mL), which included 12 (66.7%) of 18 who were institutionalized as compared to 16 (44.4%) of 38 who lived with caregivers/relatives (<i>p</i> = 0.387). Data from their last clinic visit showed 31 (57.4%) participants were virally suppressed; 13 (24.1%) were lost to follow-up from care, and there were 6 (11.1%) deaths; 29 (53.7%) were on antiretroviral therapy single-tablet regimens (STRs) and 25 (46.3%) on complex multiple-tablet regimens (MTRs). Institutionalized clients and those on STRs were more likely to be virally suppressed than those living with relatives (<i>p</i> = 0.043) and those on MTR (<i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. Reported deaths were higher among clients who lived with caregivers/relatives and those on MTR. Participants of younger age were less likely to achieve viral suppression (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Comprehensive programs that include STRs, the engagement of caregivers/relatives and health workers, life skills, and enhanced psychosocial interventions for youths living with perinatally acquired HIV are important to support the transition to adult care and reduce the complex challenges of living with a stigmatizing disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"90-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Safety of Doravirine/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Virologically Suppressed PLWHIV: A Comparative Analysis of CVD Scores.","authors":"Arturo Ciccullo, Valentina Iannone, Damiano Farinacci, Rebecca Jo Steiner, Francesca Lombardi, Andrea Carbone, Pierluigi Francesco Salvo, Gianmaria Baldin, Alberto Borghetti, Simona Di Giambenedetto","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0066","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Aim of this study is to assess the cardiovascular safety of doravirine/lamivudine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (DOR/3TC/TDF). We analyzed data from 37 virologically suppressed people living with HIV starting DOR/3TC/TDF, collecting viro-immunological and metabolic parameters as well as the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (10Y-CD) using both the Framingham risk score and D:A:D score.After 48 weeks, we observed a significant reduction in 10Y-CD both via the Framingham score (-0.7, <i>p</i> = .021) and the D:A:D score (-0.41, <i>p</i> = .012). After 96 weeks, we registered a significant reduction in 10Y-CD calculated via the D:A:D score (-0.98, <i>p</i> = .009). Regarding serum lipid markers, after 48 weeks we observed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-17 mg/dL, <i>p</i> < .001), triglycerides (-21 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .015), and LDL cholesterol (-8 mg/dL, <i>p</i> = .022). After 96 weeks, we registered a significant reduction in total cholesterol (-19 mg/dL, <i>p</i> < .001). DOR/3TC/TDF has shown a favorable metabolic profile, with a significant reduction in 10Y-CD, independently from the use of lipid-lowering drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"87-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using HIV and Hepatitis C Molecular Epidemiology to Investigate Assisted Partner Services Recruitment Among People Who Inject Drugs in Kenya.","authors":"Hanley Kingston, Bhavna H Chohan, Loice Mbogo, David Bukusi, Aliza Monroe-Wise, Betsy Sambai, Victor Omballa, Khai Hoan Tram, Brandon Guthrie, Jennifer Giandhari, Sarah Masyuko, Rose Bosire, William Sinkele, Tulio de Oliveira, John Scott, Carey Farquhar, Joshua T Herbeck","doi":"10.1089/aid.2024.0036","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2024.0036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual and/or injecting partners of people who inject drugs (PWID) may have an elevated risk of HIV infection either from sharing a transmission network or an epidemiological environment. We estimated the degree of similarity between HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) sequences from PWID and their partners to assess whether partner-based recruitment identifies sexual or injecting partners within transmission networks. We used assisted partner services (APS) to recruit sexual and injecting partners of PWID living with HIV in Kenya and evaluated trends in the TN93 distances (an adjusted measure of sequence similarity) of the HIV-1 and HCV sequences from partner pairs. Of 135 unique pairs identified, 2 sexual, 2 injecting, and 3 unique sexual and injecting partner pairs had HIV sequences within a TN93 distance of 0.045, and 4 unique partner pairs had HCV sequences with distances <0.015. Sexual but not injecting partner pairs had HIV sequences with significantly smaller distances than non-partners, on average, but injecting partner pairs did have significantly smaller HCV-4a patristic distances than non-partners. APS recruitment partly reflects the HIV transmission network among sexual, but not injecting, partners of PWID. The relationship between the injecting partner recruitment and molecular networks is stronger for HCV than HIV and may reflect some recent parenteral HCV transmission. Our results show the importance of continued focus on reducing sexual HIV transmission among PWID and on education and services to address HCV transmission through needle- and/or equipment-sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"76-86"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142833322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}