AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Molecular Transmission Network and Drug Resistance in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients in the Liangshan District, China.","authors":"Bianchuan Cao, Caihong Wu, Mei Liu, Shaofang Song, Tao Wu, Tianru Yuan, Ping Ding, Tong Wang, Li Zhong","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the molecular transmission network and drug resistance in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients in the Liangshan District, China. The research subjects for this study were HIV-1-infected patients who did not receive any antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Liangshan District between January 2022 and July 2023. Peripheral venous whole-blood samples were collected from the research subjects. Two milliliters of blood was used for CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counting detection. Ten milliliters of blood was centrifuged to separate the plasma and blood cells for quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA and DNA and drug resistance testing of HIV-1. A total of 156 participants were included in this study (88 males and 68 females). The median age of the participants was 37 years. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the HIV-1 DNA and the HIV-1 RNA levels (<i>r</i> = 0.478, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, a negative correlation was observed between the HIV-1 DNA levels and CD4⁺ T lymphocyte counts (<i>r</i> = -0.186, <i>p</i> = 0.020). Of the 156 participants, 145 were successfully tested for drug resistance of HIV-1 RNA and HIV-1 DNA simultaneously. Four cases failed the HIV-1 RNA drug resistance testing, and another two failed the HIV-1 DNA drug resistance testing. The most common HIV-1 subtype was the CRF07_BC recombinant. In this study, the overall incidence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) was 8.33%. The resistance rates of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and protease inhibitor (PI) were 7.69% and 0.64%, respectively. In addition, 32 participants were found to have drug-resistant mutations. The primary drug-resistant mutations were K103N, V179D, E157Q, and A128T, mainly against efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) resistance. The drug resistance of HIV-1-infected ART-naive patients in the Liangshan District cannot be ignored. HIV-1 drug resistance testing is recommended before initiating ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141086584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISSyphilis and the risk of HIV infection: A Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Xinye Chen","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objection: </strong>To assess the causal effect of syphilis on HIV infection by Mendelian randomization analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of syphilis and HIV infection were obtained from genome-wide association studies, Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted using methods such as weighted median, MR Egger, and inverse variance to evaluate the causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Gene expression data of persons living with HIV (PLWH) and single-cell RNA sequencing profiles were obtained from the GEO database. Analysis involved the identification of key molecules and relevant signaling pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MR analysis showed a significant causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection (WM, OR: 1.098, 95%CI: 1.033-1.217, P = 0.003; IVW, OR: 1.095, 95%CI: 1.048-1.145, P < 0.001). We discovered that rs138697742, a genetic variant related to the RPAIN gene, is associated with HIV infection, and influences the expression of RPAIN, possibly contributing to the progression of the disease. Moreover, single-cell data analysis revealed the cellular communication patterns within PLWH, with monocytes appearing to play a crucial role.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, our study reveals a direct causal relationship between syphilis and HIV infection. Additionally, the upregulation of RPAIN gene expression resulting from genetic mutations may serve as a key factor in promoting the progression of HIV infection. Targeting the RPAIN/GALECTIN merges as a promising novel therapeutic target for managing HIV infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141858767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Cascade Among Men Who Have Sex with Men Engaging in Partner Notification Services at a Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic.","authors":"Danielle L Le Brazidec, Kevin Cormier, Alexi Almonte, Siena Napoleon, Laura C Chambers, Jun Tao, Thomas E Bertrand, Caroline L Gummo, John Beltrami, Jennine Kinsey, Amanda Maguire-Wilkerson, Philip A Chan","doi":"10.1089/aid.2023.0097","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2023.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Partner notification services (PNS) offers opportunities to discuss HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and provide referrals. We evaluated the PrEP care cascade among men who have sex with men (MSM) engaging in PNS within a sexually transmitted infections clinic. Among 121 MSM eligible for PrEP during PNS, 21% subsequently initiated PrEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"435-438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11251867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140142630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Near Full-Length Genome of a Novel HIV-1 CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant in Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Huijuan Geng, Bing Liu, Yang Liu, Sisi Chen, Haoxi Shi, Weiguang Fan","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0119","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To analyze the genetic structure and recombination characteristics of a newly discovered HIV-1 unique recombinant form (URF) isolated in Hebei Province, China, viral RNA was extracted from the plasma sample of the infected individual and reverse transcribed to cDNA. Two overlapping segments of the HIV-1 genome were amplified using a near-endpoint dilution method. Recombinant breakpoints were determined using RIP, jpHMM, and SimPlot 3.5.1 software. MEGA 6.0 software was used to construct a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. The near full-length genome sequence (8,862 bp) of a recombinant of CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC was obtained. The genome comprised at least seven overlapping segments, including four CRF01_AE and three CRF07_BC segments, with CRF01_AE as the backbone. A URF virus between CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC was amplified and characterized in this study. Parental viruses were homologous with HIV-1 strains prevalent among men who have sex with men in northern China and may originate from sexual transmission of local HIV-1 strains in Hebei Province.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"449-453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139970649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incident HIV-Associated Wasting/Low Weight Is Associated with Nearly Doubled Mortality Risk in the Modern ART Era.","authors":"Michael B Wohlfeiler, Rachel Palmieri Weber, Laurence Brunet, Javeed Siddiqui, Michael Harbour, Amy L Phillips, Brooke Hayward, Jennifer S Fusco, Ricky K Hsu, Gregory P Fusco","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0113","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-associated wasting (HIVAW) is an underappreciated AIDS-defining illness, despite highly effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). We (a) assessed the association between incident HIVAW/low weight and all-cause mortality and (b) described virologic outcomes after people with HIV (PWH) experienced HIVAW/low weight while on ART. In the Observational Pharmaco-Epidemiology Research & Analysis (OPERA^®) cohort, PWH without prior HIVAW/low weight who were active in care in 2016-2020 were followed through the first of the following censoring events: death, loss to follow-up, or study end (October 31, 2021). HIVAW/low weight was a diagnosis of wasting or low body mass index (BMI)/underweight or a BMI measurement <20 kg/m². Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between time-dependent HIVAW/low weight and mortality were estimated with extended Cox regression models. Over a median follow-up of 45 months (interquartile range: 27, 65), there were 4,755 (8%) cases of HIVAW/low weight and 1,354 (2%) deaths among 62,314 PWH. PWH who experienced HIVAW/low weight had a significantly higher risk of death than those who did not (HR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.68, 2.27) after adjusting for age, race, ethnicity, and changes in viral load (VL) and Veterans Aging Cohort Study Mortality Index scores over follow-up. Among 4,572 PWH on ART at HIVAW/low weight, 68% were suppressed (VL of <200 copies/mL); subsequent virologic failure was uncommon (7%). Among viremic PWH, 70% and 60% achieved suppression and undetectability (VL of <50 copies/mL), respectively, over follow-up. HIVAW remains a challenge for some PWH. Particular attention needs to be paid to HIVAW/low weight and virologic control to restore health and potentially reduce the risk of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"428-434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Tuberculosis Is Associated with Depletion of HIV-Specific CD4 and CD8 T Cells in People with HIV.","authors":"Jeremiah Khayumbi, Loren E Sasser, Taryn A McLaughlin, Benson Muchiri, Joshua Ongalo, Joan Tonui, Samuel Gurrion Ouma, Angie Campbell, Felix Hayara Odhiambo, Chelimo Kiprotich, Neel R Gandhi, Cheryl L Day","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0088","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb) in people with HIV (PWH) is associated with depletion of Mtb-specific CD4 T cell responses, increased risk of progression to active tuberculosis (TB) disease, and increased immune activation. Although higher HIV viral loads have been reported in Mtb/HIV co-infection, the extent to which Mtb infection and TB disease impact the frequency and phenotype of HIV-specific T cell responses has not been well described. We enrolled a cohort of PWH in Kenya across a spectrum of Mtb infection states, including those with no evidence of Mtb infection, latent Mtb infection (LTBI), and active pulmonary TB disease, and evaluated the frequency, immune activation, and cytotoxicity phenotype of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses in peripheral blood by flow cytometry. We found evidence of depletion of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in people with TB, but not with LTBI. Expression of the immune activation markers human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR) and Ki67 and of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B and perforin were increased in total CD4 and CD8 T cell populations in individuals with TB, although expression of these markers by HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells did not differ by Mtb infection status. These data suggest that TB is associated with overall increased T cell activation and cytotoxicity and with depletion of HIV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells, which may contribute to further impairment of T cell-mediated immune control of HIV replication in the setting of TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"417-427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Ratio of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Transmission and Prevalence of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1-Associated Diseases in Brazilian Family Groups Followed Up by the GIPH Cohort.","authors":"Luiz Cláudio Ferreira Romanelli, Gustavo Guimarães Rocha Figueiredo, Maisa Aparecida Ribeiro, Marina Lobato Martins","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0072","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A silent spread of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been occurring for thousands of years, with a high prevalence in some regions due to the sexual and vertical transmission and formation of family clusters. The time from HTLV-1 infection until the onset of virus-associated diseases is extremely long, approximately one to three decades. In this study, we evaluated intrafamilial HTLV-1 transmission and associated diseases in 1,204 individuals enrolled and followed up by the GIPH cohort between 1997 and 2017. The family groups (<i>n</i> = 43) were composed of 279 individuals who were tested for HTLV-1/human T cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) and were classified as two groups according to the index case: blood donor (blood donors referred to the GIPH cohort) and nondonor (individuals referred to the GIPH cohort by other health services). The observed rates of HTLV-1 transmission and associated diseases among the relatives were high. Of 236 family members and sexual partners tested for HTLV, 104 (44.1%) were confirmed as having HTLV infection, with 36.7% of relatives whose index case was blood donors and 56.9% of relatives with nondonor index cases. At least one case of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy was observed in 42.9% of the families with intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-1. Brazil is an endemic area for HTLV-1/2 and has implemented mandatory universal screening of blood donors for HTLV-1/2 since 1993. However, the lack of public health services offer diagnosis for HTLV to the general population and pregnant women in the country makes it difficult to identify infected people, and contributes to the silent spread of the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"401-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Identity Stigma in Transgender Women Is Higher After Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty.","authors":"Lydia A Fein, Rebecca Barnett, Tianhao Liu, JoNell E Potter, Nichole R Klatt, Maria L Alcaide, Deborah L Jones","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0017","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender affirmation may reduce stigma and gender-based discrimination that drive increased behaviors that can lead to HIV in transgender women (TW). For many TW, vaginoplasty is gender affirming, yet has not been previously evaluated with regard to likelihood of HIV. This pilot study of TW aimed to evaluate the influence of gender-affirming vaginoplasty on stigma and the drivers of HIV acquisition. Adult TW without HIV were recruited. Interviewer-administered surveys were used to assess demographics, gender identity stigma, psychosocial factors, importance of and satisfaction with gender affirmation, and behaviors that increase the likelihood of HIV in TW who had either undergone gender-affirming vaginoplasty (TWWV) or who had not (TWWOV). Statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Thirty TW without HIV (19-83 years old) participated (TWWV = 10; TWWOV = 20). The majority identified with ethnic minority groups (<i>n</i> = 21, 70%) and on gender-affirming hormone therapy (<i>n</i> = 25, 83%). Gender identity stigma (38.0; 32.15, <i>p</i> = .03) and social oppression (53.6; 39.4, <i>p</i> = .05) scores were significantly higher among TWWV compared with TWWOV. Satisfaction with body (3.10; 1.95, <i>p</i> = .01), appearance (3.10; 2.10, <i>p</i> = .02), and femininity (3.40; 2.25, <i>p</i> = .001) were higher among TWWV than TWWOV. Present (<i>n</i> = 8, 27%) and past (<i>n</i> = 16, 53%) survival sex work, multiple sex partners (<i>n</i> = 16, 53%), and receptive condomless anal intercourse (<i>n</i> = 10, 33%) were reported but did not vary significantly between groups. Behaviors that may lead to HIV acquisition and their underlying drivers, including gender identity stigma, are present after gender-affirming vaginoplasty. As this procedure continues to increase among TW, interventions to mitigate chances of HIV acquisition are critically needed in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"376-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11301712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtypes and Primary Antiretroviral Resistance Profiles in Northern Cyprus: First Data Series.","authors":"Emrah Guler, Ayse Arikan, Nazife Sultanoglu, Kaya Suer, Tamer Sanlidag, Murat Sayan","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0021","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) subtypes indicates difference from region to region and in risk groups acquiring the disease worldwide. Although subtype C is more in terms of total cases, subtype B is dominant in certain regions, especially in western and central Europe. Molecular epidemiological studies are essential for the control, effective treatment, and understanding in transmission routes of HIV-1 infection. This study aims to determine the molecular epidemiology and antiretroviral drug resistance profiles of HIV-1 in northern Cyprus. The study involved 71 naive HIV-positive patients diagnosed in northern Cyprus between 2016 and 2022. HIV-1 subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) were identified by phylogenetic analysis (neighbor-joining method) of <i>pol</i> gene sequences. Drug resistance mutations were analyzed using the World Health Organization (WHO) lists of mutations for surveillance. The Stanford University HIVdb program was used to interpret drug resistance mutations. In our study, 40 of 71 samples were successfully sequenced. Subtype B of HIV-1 was dominant with a rate of 52.5%, followed by CRF02_AG (20%) and G (7.5%) subtypes. The rate of subtype B (71.4%) in northern Cyprus was significantly higher than in the other country of origin (<i>p</i> = .028). Antiretroviral drug resistance was found in 15% of the sequenced serum samples. Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), non-nucleoside nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), and protease inhibitor (PI) resistance rates were 10% (4/40), 7.5% (3/40), and 2.5% (1/40), respectively. According to the results, it is noteworthy that the dominant subtype circulating in northern Cyprus is the B subtype, and CRFs were detected at a higher rate than expected.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"393-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139745836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/CAS as a Powerful Tool for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cure: A Review.","authors":"Shirley Vasconcelos Komninakis, Wilson Domingues, Sabri Saeed Sanabani, Victor Angelo Folgosi, Igor Neves Barbosa, Jorge Casseb","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0148","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite care and the availability of effective antiretroviral treatment, some human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals suffer from neurocognitive disorders associated with HIV (HAND) that significantly affect their quality of life. The different types of HAND can be divided into asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment, mild neurocognitive disorder, and the most severe form known as HIV-associated dementia. Little is known about the mechanisms of HAND, but it is thought to be related to infection of astrocytes, microglial cells, and macrophages in the human brain. The formation of a viral reservoir that lies dormant as a provirus in resting CD4⁺ T lymphocytes and in refuge tissues such as the brain contributes significantly to HIV eradication. In recent years, a new set of tools have emerged: the gene editing based on the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system, which can alter genome segments by insertion, deletion, and replacement and has great therapeutic potential. This technology has been used in research to treat HIV and appears to offer hope for a possible cure for HIV infection and perhaps prevention of HAND. This approach has the potential to directly impact the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals, which is a very important topic to be known and discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"363-375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}