AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Intracellular Islatravir-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Pig-Tailed Macaques.","authors":"Vincent Mainella, Mary Morrow, Kristina Brooks, Lane Bushman, Farah Abdelmawla, David Nerguizian, Ye Ji Choi, Dorothy Patton, Yvonne Cosgrove Sweeney, Sravan Kumar Patel, Peter Anderson, Lisa Rohan","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0059","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between intracellular islatravir-triphosphate (ISL-TP) in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dried blood spots (DBS). Three pig-tailed macaques (PMs) were dosed with a single intravaginal extended-release ISL-etonogestrel film for a period of 31 days. After extraction and quantification, repeated measures correlation (r_rm) was assessed between log-transformed DBS and PBMC ISL-TP concentrations. Twenty-six paired PBMC/DBS samples were included. Peak ISL-TP concentrations in DBS ranged from 262 to 913 fmol/punches, PBMC C_max ranged from 427 to 857 fmol/10⁶ cells. Repeated measures correlation yielded an r_rm value of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.92-0.98; <i>p</i> < .0001). Importantly, ISL-TP was quantifiable in DBS and its pharmacokinetics were similar to PBMC in PMs. Human studies should evaluate DBS applications in clinical pharmacokinetic studies to help define ISL's place in the antiretroviral drug armamentarium.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"227-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11295786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10272534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIV Psychiatry: The Missing Link to HIV Prevention and Comprehensive Care.","authors":"Mary Ann Adler Cohen, James A Bourgeois","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0184","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV psychiatry may be the missing link to HIV prevention and care. Although HIV has been transformed from a fatal illness to a chronic and manageable illness, morbidity and mortality from HIV and AIDS continue to persist despite advances in prevention and care. In the 42 years since the HIV pandemic began in 1981, >84 million people were infected with HIV and 40 million people with HIV have died. In 2021, 1.5 million were newly infected and as of 2022, >38 million people were living with HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"191-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41114114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the Molecular Transmission Networks to Analyze the Epidemic Characteristics of HIV-1 <i>CRF08_BC</i> in Kunming, Yunnan.","authors":"Peng Cheng, Bao-Cui He, Jia-Fa Liu, Jia-Li Wang, Cui-Xian Yang, Sha Ma, Mi Zhang, Xing-Qi Dong, Jian-Jian Li","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-1<i>CRF08_BC</i> is the most prevalent epidemic subtype among heterosexual (HET) and intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Kunming, Yunnan. Using the pol region of gene sequences derived from molecular epidemiological surveys, we developed a molecular transmission network for the purpose of analyzing its epidemiological characteristics, assessing its epidemiological trends, identifying its potential transmission relationships, and developing targeted interventions. HyPhy 2.2.4 was used to calculate pairwise genetic distances between sequences; GraphPad-Prism 8.0 was employed to determine the standard genetic distance; and Cytoscope 3.7.2 was applied to visualize the network. We used the network analysis tools to investigate network characteristics and the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) tool to observe the growth of the network. We utilized a logistic regression model to examine the factors influencing clustering and a zero-inflated Poisson model to investigate the factors influencing potential transmission links. At the standard genetic distance threshold of 0.008, 406 out of 858 study participants were clustered in 132 dissemination networks with a total network linkage of 868, and the number of links per sequence ranged from 1 to 19. The MCODE analysis identified three significant modular clusters in the networks, with network scores ranging from 4.9 to 7. In models of logistic regression, HET, middle-aged and elderly individuals, and residents of northern and southeastern Kunming were more likely to enter the transmission network. According to the zero-inflated Poisson model, age, transmission category, sampling year, marital status, and CD4⁺ T level had a significant effect on the size of links. The molecular clusters in Kunming's molecular transmission network are specific and aggregate to a certain extent. HIV-1 molecular network analysis provided information on local transmission characteristics, and these findings helped to determine the priority of transmission-reduction interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10144962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived Risks and Benefits and Frequency of Cannabis Use Among People with HIV in Different Legal Environments.","authors":"Sarah Laper, Corrilynn O Hileman, Graham Block, Kristine M Erlandson, Martin Krsak","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0144","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We sought to describe the prevalence of and motivation for cannabis use and whether legalization of cannabis impacts the frequency and perceived risks and benefits of use in people living with HIV (PWH). The study was based on two HIV clinics located in Cleveland, Ohio, and Aurora, Colorado. Participants responded to a 45-question survey, and responses were summarized in aggregate and stratified by the frequency of cannabis use and site. Three hundred ninety-seven participants completed the survey. The frequency of use was not different between the sites. Daily cannabis users compared with yearly or never users identified the benefits of cannabis as relief from stress, anxiety, or depression, improved sleep, improved creativity, improved focus or concentration, and increased energy. The benefits of pain management, improved appetite, and helping to decrease or stop other medications were selected at similar rates, regardless of the frequency of use. Daily users were less likely to identify treatment of disease as a benefit and legal problems, addiction to cannabis, impaired memory, increased use of other drugs, personal or relationship problems, decrease in intelligence, new or worsening health problems, and getting high as risks of use compared with yearly or never users. Compared with participants in Ohio, Coloradoans were more likely to identify cannabis benefits as decreasing/stopping other medications and getting high, and less likely to identify legal problems and addiction as risks. Legalization of cannabis did not affect the frequency of cannabis use in PWH. Daily cannabis users are more likely to identify benefits and less likely to identify risks of use compared with yearly or never users. A better understanding of the potential benefits and risks of cannabis use can help guide safer use of cannabis in PWH and allow physicians to provide better counseling on risk reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"293-300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11236280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41188229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on Design Approaches for HIV Prevention Efficacy Trials.","authors":"Holly J Prudden, Roger Tatoud, Holly Janes, Stephaun Wallace, Veronica Miller, Linda-Gail Bekker, Deborah Donnell","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0150","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The challenge of designing future HIV prevention efficacy trials in a rapidly evolving HIV prevention landscape was explored through a series of virtual stakeholder's engagement meetings convened online between October 2020 and April 2021. A broad array of stakeholders from the HIV prevention research community reviewed current trial designs and lessons learned, explored issues specific to unique product classes, and concluded with specialist-focused examinations of statistical design concepts and the importance of community engagement in research. The aim was to reflect on current approaches and evaluate new trial design approaches for evaluating efficacy of a candidate prevention strategy in the context of an active-controlled trial, which does not include a placebo arm. In this report, we provide a summary of the discussion points that included gaps in understanding and logical next steps in the prevention research pathway. The technical challenges involved in the statistical design approaches are described in a companion article.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11236282/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Extracellular Traps in HIV Infection.","authors":"Natanias Macson da Silva, Nicolas Patrícius de Medeiros Leite, Amanda Estevam Carvalho, Valéria Duarte de Almeida, Ísis Kelly Dos Santos, José Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva Cavalcanti, Thales Allyrio Araújo de Medeiros Fernandes, Ellany Gurgel Cosme do Nascimento, Micássio Fernandes de Andrade","doi":"10.1089/AID.2022.0178","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2022.0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is still an important public health problem, which justifies the research of new therapies to combat it. Recent studies show that Extracellular Traps (ETs) are cellular mechanisms useful in the capture and destruction of some viruses, such as the HIV. Here, we show that neutrophils from peripheral blood, genital tissues, and placenta are activated when exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and release Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). The NETs can capture, neutralize, and inactivate the virus and, also, protect other target cells from HIV infection, as long as the DNA and other constituents of the NETs remain intact. Further, the review indicates that the immunoprotective role of NETs in the context of HIV-1 infection is a promising finding for the development of new antiviral therapies. It is necessary, however, the development of studies that evaluate the tissue injury that NETs can cause and the biological relationships with other cells to improve them as therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"308-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of Switching to Long-Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine Among People Living with HIV on Dolutegravir/Rilpivirine Combination: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Alessandro Castelli, Massimiliano Lanzafame, Matteo Morra, Marco Bertoldi, Andrea Delama, Daniela Fait, Sandro Vento","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0070","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The availability of long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine injection combination requires some changes in service delivery of outpatient HIV clinics; it is therefore important for clinicians to know the potential number of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are interested in a long-acting antiretroviral treatment. We aimed to determine in an outpatient clinic the number of PLWH, on dolutegravir/rilpivirine, accepting a switch to an injectable long-acting antiretroviral treatment, and the reasons underlying this choice. In our single-center study, in this subset of HIV-infected patients, the main cause for refusal of a long-acting injectable regimen was the need for the administration to be done in hospital, as required in Italy, suggesting that current regulations about this aspect must be changed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"283-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41100052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNA Expression Levels in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Positive Individuals and Relationship with Different Levels of Viral Suppression.","authors":"Daniele Di Carlo, Francesca Falasca, Laura Mazzuti, Giuliana Guerrizio, Giuseppe Migliara, Marta Santori, Alessandro Lazzaro, Ivano Mezzaroma, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Caterina Fimiani, Giancarlo Iaiani, Guido Antonelli, Ombretta Turriziani","doi":"10.1089/aid.2022.0165","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2022.0165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The persistence of low human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication in individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) still threatens their health. Previous findings have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could interfere with several steps of the viral life cycle. Herein, we set out to investigate the expression of miR-150, miR-223, miR-382, miR-324-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-34a, and miR-132 in the whole peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population from people living with HIV-1 showing different levels of viral suppression. Levels of PBMC-associated miRNAs were analyzed in 30 individuals with undetectable viremia (target not detected) and 30 individuals with detectable low-level viremia (1-200 copies/mL). In addition, 30 samples from treatment-naive (NAIVE) individuals were investigated. Results were compared to a control group of 28 HIV-negative donors. All miRNAs analyzed were strongly downregulated in the NAIVE population, either compared to the treated group or to controls. Stratification of ART-treated donors according to the therapeutic regimen showed the downregulation of miR-33a-5p in subjects treated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors compared with those treated with protease inhibitors. Collectively, the present study shows that uncontrolled viral replication leads to profound miRNA deregulation while treated individuals, irrespective of the degree of viral suppression, and even the types of antiviral drugs seem to be specifically associated with miRNA expression profiles. These evidences suggest that virological suppression could be favored by miRNA modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"321-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9952884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of New Circulating Recombinant Form of HIV-1 CRF127_07109 in Northern Vietnam.","authors":"Tsunefusa Hayashida, Linh Khanh Tran, An Luong-Dieu Dang, Moeko Nagai, Shoko Matsumoto, Hoa Nguyen-Minh Le, T. D. Van, Giang Van Tran, J. Tanuma, Thach Ngoc Pham, Shinichi Oka","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2024.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Some candidates of a new circulating recombinant form (CRF) of HIV-1 were found in northern Vietnam in our previous study. We succeeded in near full-length sequencing using MinION with plasma samples from 12 people living with HIV. Three of the samples were CRF109_0107, which was recently reported in China. Three others were the newly identified CRF127_07109, while six of them were considered to be CRF127_07109-related unique recombinant forms (URFs). The time to the most recent common ancestor of CRF127_07109 was estimated to be between 2015 and 2019. Our findings showed that CRF127_07109 and related URFs were generated recently in northern Vietnam, rather than migrated independently to northern Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"25 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140652104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of four predictive scores for cardiovascular risk in Mexican people living with HIV.","authors":"Pablo Franco Oliva-Sánchez, Salvador Landeros-López, Maria Margarita Rosas-Dossetti, Samuel Grobeisen-Levin, Jorge Alberto Islas-Martínez, Daniel Aznar-Guerra, Aneth Paola Valdez-Celiz, Luis Soto-Ramirez","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/AID.2023.0085","url":null,"abstract":"Persons with HIV (PWH) face an increased risk of cardiovascular events due to immune activation, comorbidities, and certain antiretrovirals. However, the current cardiovascular risk (CVR) scores are not specifically directed toward PWH. This study aimed to assess the agreement between different predictive CVR scores and explore their relationship with clinical and demographic data in Mexican PWH. A descriptive cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 200 PWH with a mean age of 42 years who were treated at a Mexican urban center from 2017 to 2018. The majority (83%) were on antiretroviral treatment and 79.5% had undetectable viral loads. Moderate-to-high risk scores were infrequent, with Framingham Risk Score for Hard Coronary Heart Disease (FRS-HCHD) scores showing higher values, with very low concordance among all scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between the CVR scores and the initial recorded viral load, CD4 cell count, and elevated triglyceride levels. However, no associations were found with measures such as body mass index or abdominal circumference. Treatment with integrase inhibitors (INSTIs), particularly first-generation inhibitors, showed strong associations with all predictive scores, notably ASCVD (OR=7.03, 95% CI 1.67-29.64). The poor concordance among the CVR scores in PWH highlights the need for a specific score that considers comorbidities and ARV drugs. Despite the relatively young age of the participants, significant correlations were observed between INSTI use, initial viral load, CD4 cell count, and triglyceride levels, which are factors not considered in the existing risk scores. Regardless of the actual value of the scores, screening for CVR in PWH is recommended.","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140652897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}