AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Factors Associated with Time to Initial Antiretroviral Therapy Discontinuation in the DC Cohort.","authors":"Morgan E Byrne, Jenna B Resnik, Michael A Horberg, Alan E Greenberg, Amanda D Castel, Anne K Monroe","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When an initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is effective and well-tolerated, it can be maintained for years as long as the patient adheres. Prior research has revealed that shorter initial ART duration is associated with regimen type, female sex, injection drug use as the HIV transmission category, and lower baseline CD4 count. We examined potential factors associated with initial regimen discontinuation among a subset of newly diagnosed virally unsuppressed PWH in the DC Cohort, an ongoing prospective observation study that uses electronic health record data from clinic sites to collect relevant information, including demographic and clinical information. Participants were excluded from the analysis if they had less than 6 months of follow-up and were virally suppressed at enrollment. There were 479 individuals included in the study. The median age of participants was 33.9 years [interquartile range (IQR) 26-43.9]. The sample was predominantly male (79.1%) and of Black race (70.8%). Over half of the study participants (56.4%) attended community-based clinic sites. The median time to the discontinuation of initial ART was 2.7 years [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3, 3.4]. Females had a shorter time to ART discontinuation [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.55, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.11] as did individuals who started on a protease inhibitor-based regimen versus integrase strand transfer inhibitors (aHR 1.87, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.61) and those receiving HIV care at a community-based site (aHR 1.46, 95% CI: 1.11,1.93). Although limited by lack of reason for discontinuation, we demonstrated that ART-naïve women, community clinic attendees, and patients starting on PIs had a shorter duration of initial ART. More anticipatory guidance may be needed to help patients stay on their initial therapy and manage the side effects or to be flexible in trying different regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"671-679"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Recruitment and Retention of Transgender Women in HIV Prevention Trials: Strategies to Make Trial Participation More Congruent with the Needs of Transgender Women.","authors":"Doyel Das, Javier Lopez-Rios, Stacey A McKenna, Jonathan Porter, Curtis Dolezal, Pilar Giffenig, Michael Patrick Vaughn, Elena Abascal, Jasmine Michelle Lopez, Christine Tagliaferri Rael","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0063","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transgender women are disproportionately burdened by HIV. Though there is a substantial body of research exploring barriers and facilitators of HIV prevention among transgender women, many barriers remain unaddressed. This study identifies strategies to make HIV prevention trials more congruent with transgender women's preferences and needs to boost trial participation and ultimately enhance initiation and uptake of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We conducted in-depth interviews with 15 sexually active, HIV-negative transgender women in New York City to understand: (1) preferences concerning long-acting injectable cabotegravir for PrEP and (2) ideas on how to make HIV prevention trial environments more comfortable. We identified five themes related to increasing transgender women's appeal to trials: (1) creating a more inclusive/welcoming environment, (2) providing compensation that is responsive to transgender women and community needs, (3) centering transgender women in recruitment and informational materials, (4) training study staff on gender-affirming practices, and (5) hiring transgender people as study staff. Participants wanted to see more gender diversity, representation, correct pronouns, gender-affirming practices, and compensation or reimbursements. Together, these practices may improve recruitment and retention of transgender women in HIV prevention trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"680-689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11693950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Two Novel HIV-1 Unique Recombinant Forms (CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC) and Genomic Characterization in Tongzhou District of Beijing, China.","authors":"Xiang Gao, Changdong Wang, Le Li, Yuxin Feng, Jie Gao, Jinglin Zhou, Aiping Tong, Zhen Li, Jianguo Wang, Xiaohui Li, Hanping Li, Lin Li","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0044","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous recombination and variation during replication could lead to rapid evolution and genetic diversity of HIV-1. Some studies had identified that it was easy to develop new recombinant strains of HIV-1 among the populations of men who have sex with men (MSM). Surveillance of genetic variants of HIV-1 in key populations was crucial for comprehending the development of regional HIV-1 epidemics. The finding was reported the identification of two new unique recombinant forms (URF 20110561 and 21110743) from individuals infected with HIV-1 in Tongzhou, Beijing in 2020-2022. Sequences of near full-length genome (NFLG) were amplified, then identification of amplification products used phylogenetic analyses. The result showed that CRF01_AE was the main backbone of 20110561 and 21110743. In the <i>gag</i> region of the virus, 20110561 was inserted two fragments from CRF07_BC, while in the <i>pol</i> and <i>tat</i> regions of the virus, 21110743 was inserted four fragments from CRF07_BC. The CRF01_AE parental origin in the genomes of the two URFs was derived from the CRF01_AE Cluster 4. In the phylogenetic tree, the CRF07_BC parental origin of 20110561 clustered with 07BC_N and the CRF07_BC parental origin of 21110743 clustered with 07BC_O. In summary, the prevalence of novel second-generation URFs of HIV-1 was monitored in Tongzhou, Beijing. The emergence of the novel CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombination demonstrated that there was a great significance of continuous monitoring of new URFs in MSM populations to prevent and control the spreading of new HIV-1 URFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"722-727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Notes: Near Full-Length Genome Analysis of the First-Reported HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF)_10CD in Uganda.","authors":"Nicholas Bbosa, Vera Holzmayer, Deogratius Ssemwanga, Robert Downing, Alfred Ssekagiri, Mark Anderson, Mary A Rodgers, Pontiano Kaleebu, Gavin Cloherty","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0034","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV-1 is characterized by remarkable genetic diversity resulting from its high replication rate, error-prone reverse transcriptase enzyme and recombination events. In Uganda, HIV-1 subtype diversity is mostly dominated by subtypes A, D, and A1/D Unique Recombinant Forms (URFs). In this study, deep sequences of HIV from patients with known antiretroviral therapy (ART) status were analyzed to determine the subtypes and to identify drug-resistance mutations circulating in the study population. Of the 187 participant samples processed for next-generation sequencing (NGS), 137 (73%) were successfully classified. The majority of HIV-1 strains were classified as subtype A (75, 55%), D (43, 31%), with other subtypes including C (3, 2%), A1/D (9, 7%) and CRF10_CD (1, <1%). Recombinant analysis of nine complete A1/D HIV genomes identified novel recombination patterns described herein. Furthermore, we report for the first time in Uganda, an HIV-1 CRF10_CD strain from a fisherfolk in a Lake Victoria Island fishing community.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"718-721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Implementation and Outcomes Among People with HIV Who Accessed Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine at Two Ryan White Clinics in the U.S. South.","authors":"Grace C Haser, Laurence Balter, Stephen Gurley, Marsha Thomas, Thomas Murphy, Jeri Sumitani, Eric Paul Leue, Angela Hollman, Maima Karneh, Leah Wray, Melissa Washington, Della Corbin-Johnson, Alton Condra, Larisa Niles-Carnes, Bradley L Smith, Wendy S Armstrong, Ameeta S Kalokhe, Jonathan A Colasanti, Lauren F Collins","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of long-acting injectable cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LAI-CAB/RPV) as maintenance therapy for persons with HIV (PWH), which may improve treatment access and outcomes, though real-world data on uptake are limited, was studied at two Ryan White clinics in Atlanta, Georgia. Among PWH referred from 4/1/2021 to 9/15/2022 to switch to LAI-CAB/RPV, characteristics were ascertained at time of referral; and disposition (initiated; ineligible; uninterested; pending) was recorded as of 9/15/2022. Among patients initiated on CAB/RPV, we assessed the drug procurement process and clinical outcomes through 6/1/2023. Among 149 PWH referred, 74/149 (50%) initiated CAB/RPV as of 9/15/2022, of whom, characteristics were median age 47 (Q1-Q3 36-55) years, 16% cisgender female, 72% Black race, median HIV duration 15 (Q1-Q3 9-19) years, and 64% had commercial health insurance. Of the 75 PWH not initiated, 35 were ineligible owing to a clinical concern (<i>n</i> = 16) or insurance issue (<i>n</i> = 19); 15 patients changed their mind about switching; and 25 were pending eligibility review or therapy initiation. Median time from CAB/RPV prescription to initiation was 46 (Q1-Q3 29-78) days. Of 731 total injections administered (median 11 injections/patient), 95% were given within 7 days of the target treatment date. Nearly all patients were virally suppressed upon referral and remained suppressed through follow-up. At two clinics in the U.S. South, half of the patients referred for LAI-CAB/RPV successfully accessed therapy nearly 2 years after U.S. drug approval. We identified barriers to uptake at the patient and structural levels, highlighting key areas to invest resource and personnel support to sustain and scale long-acting antiretroviral therapy programming.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"690-700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11807906/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141496840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmitted Antiretroviral Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors Class in São Paulo Metropolitan Area, Brazil.","authors":"Elaine Monteiro Matsuda, Jaqueline Helena da Silva Santos, Cintia Mayumi Ahagon, Giselle Ibete Silva López-Lopes, Luís Fernando de Macedo Brígido","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0127","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A newer integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) cabotegravir was recently approved for both therapy and prophylaxis and can play an essential role in the fight against AIDS. It shares similar resistance profile to dolutegravir, the cornerstone of Brazilian antiretroviral (ARV) treatment, with about 600 thousand people living with HIV in Brazil currently on regimens that contain this INSTI. Health services in the São Paulo metropolitan area are responsible for a large proportion of ARV dispensation in the country. Estimating transmitted drug resistance mutation (TDRM) in the area before cabotegravir introduction may provide a useful baseline information. Partial HIV-1 <i>pol</i> gene was sequenced (Sanger) from 192 newly diagnosed individuals from São Paulo and nearby cities (2020 to March 2023) at integrase, with 85 also at protease/reverse transcriptase regions. Retrotranscribed plasma RNA, amplified with nested PCR, was edited (Recall or Sequencher) and analyzed at Rega and Stanford db. Surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRM) to INSTI class was detected in three cases (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.5%-5%), two E138K and one R263K, with 7.8% (95% CI: 5%-13%) with resistance mutations (major or accessory). SDRM for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and PI classes were identified in 7 (8.2% CI: 95% 4%-16%) cases. Subtype B predominated (69%), followed by subtype C (16%), now the second most prevalent infection in this area. Among 131 patients treated for over 6 months, 92% were virally suppressed below 200 copies/mL, with low TCD4 counts independently associated to failure. SDRM to INSTI class is rare in the area. Intermediate rates of transmitted resistance to other ARV classes are comparable to previous estimates. Viral suppression rates may depend on TCD4 counts, another negative impact of late diagnosis in care that deserves more attention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"713-717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a Novel HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF150_Cpx) Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China.","authors":"Min Chen, Huichao Chen, Jie Dai, Lijuan Dong, Yanling Ma, Manhong Jia","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0061","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have reported increasing complexity in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) genotypes among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China. In an HIV-1 molecular epidemiological study conducted among MSM in Yunnan Province, China, we discovered that four samples could potentially represent a circulating recombinant form (CRF). In this study, we conducted further analysis on their nearly full-length genome (NFLG) sequences. The NFLG sequences formed a distinct monophyletic clade in the phylogenetic tree. Recombination analysis indicated that the four sequences were constructed upon the backbone of CRF149_01B, with the insertion of three CRF07_BC fragments. Consequently, they were designated as CRF150_cpx. Evolutionary analyses suggested that CRF150_cpx emerged between approximately 2014 and 2015. The identification of new CRFs not only deepens our understanding of HIV recombination but also aids in comprehending the prevalence and transmission history of HIV among specific populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"728-732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141900622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integrated DAIDS Laboratory Oversight Framework: Application of the DAIDS GCLP Guidelines.","authors":"Naana Cleland, Nina Kunwar, Usha Sharma, Jamal Dejli, Milton Maciel, Daniella Livnat, Judith Miller, Keith Crawford, Fatima Jones, M Patricia D'Souza","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0041","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Division of AIDS (DAIDS) Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) Guidelines establish a framework to guide the oversight of laboratories supporting DAIDS-sponsored clinical research or trials. Compliance with these guidelines promotes data reliability, consistency, and validity, and the safety of the clinical research or trial participants and laboratory staff, as well as ensures adherence to regulatory requirements. This article describes the application of the DAIDS GCLP Guidelines, the DAIDS Integrated Laboratory Oversight Framework, and the coordinated efforts of the collaborative oversight team of laboratory experts to support and monitor the performance of over 175 participating laboratories worldwide. Data from two self-administered online surveys conducted in 2017 and 2023 assessed the laboratory staff's experience implementing the GCLP Guidelines. The results of the 2017 survey were instrumental in informing changes to GCLP audit activities and promoting harmonization in the approach to laboratory oversight. A key finding from the 2023 survey results is the preference for hybrid GCLP training, encompassing face-to-face and online modules. Overall, both surveys acknowledged satisfaction with applying and implementing GCLP Guidelines. The need to effectively disseminate information about DAIDS laboratory oversight requirements to support the improved implementation of GCLP Guidelines was notable from both survey results. The collaborative team of laboratory experts and the integrated oversight approach promote knowledge-sharing and accountability to support the application of the GCLP Guidelines and compliance monitoring. The systematic implementation of the integrated laboratory oversight activities helped identify valuable lessons for improving laboratory performance and opportunities to strengthen quality oversight for laboratories participating in clinical research or trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"615-621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PET/CT Targeted Tissue Sampling Reveals Intravenously Administered HGN194 IgG1 Affects HIV Distribution after Rectal Exposure.","authors":"Roslyn A Taylor, Sixia Xiao, Ann M Carias, Michael D McRaven, Divya N Thakkar, Mariluz Araínga, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo, Edward J Allen, Kenneth A Rogers, Sidath C Kumarapperuma, Siqi Gong, Meegan R Anderson, Yanique Thomas, Patrick J Madden, Davide Corti, Elisabetta Cameroni, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Beth Goins, Peter Fox, Francois J Villinger, Ruth M Ruprecht, Thomas J Hope","doi":"10.1089/AID.2024.0019","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2024.0019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies hold great potential for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. IgG is the most abundant antibody in human serum, has a long half-life, and potent effector functions, making it a prime candidate for an HIV prevention therapeutic. We combined Positron Emission Tomography imaging and fluorescent microscopy of ⁶⁴Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-green fluorescent protein HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled HGN194 IgG1 to determine whether intravenously instilled IgG influences viral interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue 2 h after rectal viral challenge. Our results show that IgG1 did not alter the number of virions found throughout the colon or viral penetration into the epithelium of the rectum or descending colon. A minor increase in virions was observed in the transverse colon of IgG1 treated animals. Overall, the number of viral particles found in the mesenteric lymph nodes was low. However, IgG1 administration resulted in a significant reduction of virions found in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, our results show that HGN194 IgG1 does not prevent virions from penetrating into the colorectal mucosa but may perturb HIV virion access to the lymphatic system.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"637-648"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141892654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receipt of Prostate-Specific Antigen Test in Medicaid Beneficiaries With and Without HIV in 2001-2015 in 14 States.","authors":"Filip Pirsl, Keri Calkins, Jacqueline E Rudolph, Eryka Wentz, Xiaoqiang Xu, Yiyi Zhou, Bryan Lau, Corinne E Joshu","doi":"10.1089/AID.2023.0142","DOIUrl":"10.1089/AID.2023.0142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies have reported lower incidence of prostate cancer in men living with HIV compared with men without HIV for reasons that remain unclear. Lower prostate cancer screening in men living with HIV could explain these findings. We describe receipt of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test each calendar year by HIV status in Medicaid beneficiaries enrolled in 14 U.S. states, 2001-2015. A total of 15,299,991 Medicaid beneficiaries aged 18-64 with ≥7 months of continuous enrollment were included in analyses. HIV diagnosis and PSA tests were identified using non-drug claims. Incidence rate ratios comparing receipt of PSA test by HIV status adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, state of residence, calendar year, comorbid conditions, benign prostatic conditions, and receipt of testosterone-replacement therapy were estimated using Poisson regression. Models were also stratified by state, and estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis to account for heterogeneity by state. Models were additionally stratified by age and race/ethnicity. There were 42,503 PSA tests over 314,273 person-years and 1,669,835 PSA tests over 22,023,530 person-years observed in beneficiaries with and without HIV, respectively. The incidence of PSA test was slightly lower in men living with HIV than men without HIV (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 0.99) when adjusting for state. In the pooled estimate, the rate was higher among men living with HIV (IRR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.27). Pooled estimates indicated approximately equal or higher rates of PSA test in men living with HIV compared with men without HIV across models stratified by age and race/ethnicity groups. Findings do not support the hypothesis that differences in prostate cancer screening explain differences in incidence by HIV status.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"649-658"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141260836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}