AIDS research and human retroviruses最新文献

{"title":"Promoting Re-engagement in HIV Care after Emergency Department Visit by Leveraging Clinical Informatics at a Southern Academic Medical Center.","authors":"Naseem Alavian, Charles M Burns, Jeffrey D Jenks, Frances Hung, Richard Barfield, Daniel Popham, John Purakal, Nwora Lance Okeke","doi":"10.1177/08892229251365260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251365260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retaining persons with HIV (PWH) in HIV care and ensuring access to antiretroviral therapy are crucial for reducing HIV transmission and enhancing health outcomes. HIV care engagement rates in the United States have plateaued over the last decade, indicating the need for innovative re-engagement strategies. We developed an automated electronic health record-based alert system to identify out-of-care (OOC) PWH presenting to any emergency department (ED) within the Duke University Health System. OOC was defined as no HIV care clinical visit in over 12 months. Automated alerts were processed by the HIV Rapid Response Re-engagement Team (H3RT), which connected with disengaged PWH by phone after an alert was triggered by an ED visit. Re-engagement was defined as a completed HIV clinic visit after H3RT outreach. The alert system identified 217 PWH, of whom 117 (54%) had transferred care to another health system. Among the 71 truly OOC PWH, 63% were male, 82% Black, and 34% uninsured. Median ED utilization while OOC was 1.30 ED visits/year [interquartile range (IQR): 0.66-2.37], compared with 1.05 ED visits/year [IQR: 0.33-1.85] when engaged in care. H3RT successfully re-engaged 46 (64.8%) of the 71 OOC PWH. The H3RT cohort had a higher proportion of persons assigned female sex at birth, uninsured, and Black compared with the overall engaged HIV clinic population. This low-cost, informatics-driven approach successfully re-engaged OOC PWH from priority populations within a large, multi-facility health system. Higher ED utilization rates among PWH while OOC support the integration of HIV care re-engagement efforts into these points of health care access. H3RT represents a scalable approach to HIV care re-engagement in Southern health care systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"580-587"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Immunogenicity of AAV-Encoded HIV-1 bNAbs in Rhesus Macaques Is Unaffected by a Short Course of the Immunomodulator CTLA4Ig.","authors":"Patricia A Hahn, Siddhartha Shandilya, Lucas A B da Costa, Laura C F da Silva, Daniel O'Hagan, Brian Liang, Kathleen Engelman, Matthew R Gardner, Guangping Gao, Sebastian P Fuchs, Jose M Martinez-Navio, Ronald C Desrosiers, Amir Ardeshir, Diogo M Magnani, Mauricio A Martins","doi":"10.1177/08892229251370763","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251370763","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vectored delivery of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) holds promise for achieving durable HIV-1 immunity in a practical and scalable way, yet AAV-encoded bNAbs often elicit antidrug antibody (ADA) responses that limit transgene expression. Engagement of T cell-expressed CD28 with its ligands CD80/CD86 on professional antigen-presenting cells is crucial for initiating adaptive immunity. Because the immunoglobulin-fusion protein CTLA4Ig can outcompete CD28 for binding to CD80/CD86, CTLA4Ig can inhibit T cell activation and prevent immune responses. Hence, we hypothesized that co-delivering CTLA4Ig during AAV/bNAb administration would prevent ADAs in primates. Six rhesus macaques (RMs) were treated intramuscularly with AAV-1 vectors encoding \"rhesusized\" (rh) versions of the bNAbs 3BNC117 (IgG1) and 10-1074 (IgG2). The experimental monkeys (<i>n</i> = 3) were dosed intravenously with 20 mg/kg of rh-CTLA4Ig on days 0, 2, 7, and 14, while the control animals (<i>n</i> = 3) did not receive any additional intervention. The experimental monkeys mounted ADAs that inhibited bNAb expression, albeit at different rates for rh-3BNC117-IgG1 (66%) and rh-10-1074-IgG2 (33%). In the control group, the incidence of ADAs leading to loss of bNAb expression was 100% for rh-3BNC117-IgG1 and 0% for rh-10-1074-IgG2. There was no significant difference between the groups in their cumulative levels of ADAs or bNAb expression measured over 20 weeks. Despite the development of ADAs against rh-3BNC117-IgG1 in five out of six animals, and in one out of six against rh-10-1074-IgG2, macaques in both groups exhibited minimal T cell responses to both bNAbs. AAV-1 capsid-specific CD4⁺ T cells trended higher in the control animals. In conclusion, a short course rh-CTLA4Ig did not significantly reduce the immunogenicity of AAV-encoded bNAbs in RMs. Although our study was not powered to detect marginal effects, robust improvements in AAV-driven expression of hypermutated HIV-1 bNAbs may require combination approaches, such as multiple co-stimulation blockers, pharmacological immunosuppression, and/or muscle-specific promoters.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"567-579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12509210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Corrigendum to:</i> The Immunogenicity of AAV-Encoded HIV-1 bNAbs in Rhesus Macaques Is Unaffected by a Short Course of the Immunomodulator CTLA4Ig.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/08892229251380258","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251380258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Association with Vaginal Microbiota, Genital Inflammation, and HIV Acquisition.","authors":"Rupak Shivakoti, Marothi Letsoalo, Lara Lewis, Lyle R Mckinnon, Jo-Ann S Passmore, Salim S Abdool Karim, Lenine J P Liebenberg","doi":"10.1177/08892229251366174","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251366174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Little is known about the relationships between circulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and genital microbiota, inflammation, and the risk for HIV infection in women. As circulating SCFAs are potentially modifiable, for example, through dietary fiber or probiotics, we investigated association of circulating SCFA levels with these outcomes. We carried out a nested matched case-control study within a randomized trial of an antiretroviral microbicide to prevent HIV infection to study the association between circulating SCFAs and HIV acquisition (primary outcome for case definition), vaginal microbiota, and genital inflammation. Levels of the SCFAs butyrate, acetate, and propionate were quantified in plasma using mass spectrometry. Vaginal microbiota was assessed using metaproteomics and characterized as <i>Lactobacillus</i> dominant (LD) or low <i>Lactobacillus</i> (LL). Genital inflammation was measured using multiplex immunoassays. Logistic regression models were used to study the association of SCFAs with each outcome. Study population (<i>N</i> = 99) characteristics were similar between cases (33 who acquired HIV) and controls (66 who did not acquire HIV). We did not observe any associations between any of the circulating SCFAs with HIV acquisition or with LL vaginal microbiota status. However, there was an inverse association between circulating SCFAs and several pro-inflammatory genital cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1α, and IL-8. In our study of women with high risk of HIV infection, higher levels of circulating SCFAs were associated with lower levels of various genital inflammatory markers, but not with HIV acquisition or a LL microbiota profile. Future larger studies, including genital SCFA assessment, are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"559-566"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144870886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution by HIV Status and Antiretroviral Therapy Class in South African Women.","authors":"Hlengiwe P Madlala, Landon Myer, Hayli Geffen, Jennifer Jao, Mushi Matjila, Azetta Fisher, Demi Meyer, Lara Dugas, Amy E Mendham, Gregory Petro, Susan Cu-Uvin, Stephen T McGarvey, Julia H Goedecke, Angela M Bengtson","doi":"10.1177/08892229251374692","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251374692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pregnancy affects adiposity, which may be influenced by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy (ART). The objective of this study was to examine adiposity measures in the perinatal period, by HIV status and ART class. A total of 214 women (113 women with HIV [WWH], 71 initiated ART postconception), enrolled between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation and followed until 6-12 months postpartum, were assessed for longitudinal weight and cross-sectional postpartum anthropometry. A subset of 65 (52 WWH, 42 initiated ART postconception) had cross-sectional adiposity (body composition and fat distribution) measured at 6-12 months postpartum using dual-energy X-ray absorption scan. Multivariable linear and modified Poisson regression, adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, socioeconomic status, and postpartum months, examined associations of HIV status and postconception ART (dolutegravir-based [DTG] vs. efavirenz-based [EFV]) with anthropometry and adiposity outcomes. At enrollment, the median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 26-34) and 82% were multiparous. Between pre-pregnancy and postpartum, women gained an average of 2.33 kg (0.90 kg WWH), 30% lost weight (35% WWH), and 48% gained weight (38% WWH). WWH gained weight slower during pregnancy (0.27 vs 0.38 kg/week, <i>p</i> = .03) and were less likely to gain weight postpartum (RR = 0.72 95% CI 0.55, 0.93; <i>p</i> = .01) compared with women without HIV. Postpartum, mean body mass index was 32 kg/m² (standard deviation = 7.33) and 58% (53% WWH) of women had obesity. HIV was not associated with cross-sectional measures of postpartum anthropometry and adiposity. Among WWH, compared with EFV-based ART, DTG-based ART was not associated with weight gain during pregnancy or anthropometry and adiposity postpartum. Despite high rates of postpartum weight gain and obesity, no significant differences were observed in anthropometry and adiposity measures by HIV status and postconception ART. Nonetheless, these findings underscore the need for interventions to support healthy weight gain in pregnancy and postpartum weight loss to minimize pregnancy-associated obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"588-597"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12822828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144991275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participant Perspectives in an HIV Treatment Interruption Study in San Francisco, United States.","authors":"Elizabeth Nguyen, Anastasia Korolkova, Ali Ahmed, Steven Meanley, Lynda Dee, Maryam Hussain, Fang Wan, Rebecca Hoh, Antonio Rodriguez, Tony Figueroa, Lillian B Cohn, Steven G Deeks, Michael J Peluso, Shadi Eskaf, Jeremy Sugarman, John A Sauceda, Karine Dubé","doi":"10.1177/08892229251375470","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251375470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV cure-related clinical research studies often include analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs), in which participants pause antiretroviral treatment (ART). During ATIs, researchers closely monitor laboratory values and adverse events. We assessed and compared the perspectives of two distinct groups of participants: HIV noncontrollers and controllers in a San Francisco-based ATI study focused on identifying biomarkers predicting HIV viral rebound. Data were collected from 2021 to 2024 over five study time points to assess motivations, understanding of the study, decisional regret, and partner protections. All participants (n = 16) endorsed the goal of helping advance HIV research as a motivator, about half were also driven by interest in their body's response to the ATI, and some indicated monetary compensation as a key motivator. Most participants (6 of 10 noncontrollers and 4 of 6 controllers) did not view personal health benefit as a primary study goal. All understood the option for an extended ATI if they had not met ART restart criteria after 28 days. At the study's onset, all sexually active participants (n = 14) were informed about the risk of transmission to sex partners and the need for partner protections during ATIs. Among noncontrollers, 2 of 5 reported using condoms, being abstinent or partner use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during sexual activity. Among controllers, 3 of 5 reported sexual activity: one with a partner on PrEP, one with a partner on ART, and one using other protection methods. Decisional regret about study participation, measured on a scale of 0-100, was low among both noncontrollers (range 1.67-13.57), and controllers (range 8.33-10) during the ATI, and remained low following it (noncontroller M = 5.07, SD = 4.52; controller M = 10.00, SD = 11.31). Participants generally understood the study, highlighted the need for partner protection support during ATI, and reported low decisional regret.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"505-516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptability of Hypothetical HIV Cure-Related Research Modalities: A Cross-Sectional Study of People Living with HIV in Soweto, South Africa.","authors":"Fatima Laher, Mbalenhle Sibiya, Naledi Mahlangu, Kennedy Otwombe","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0002","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2025.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Various modalities are being explored in HIV cure-related research, but little is documented on their acceptability in Africa, where HIV is most prevalent. To address this, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Soweto, South Africa, assessing stated acceptability of five potential HIV cure-related research modalities and identifying associated factors. Between May and August 2024, we sampled 100 adults living with HIV who provided informed consent. Participants completed questionnaires of socio-demographics and the Theoretical Framework of Acceptability scale measuring general acceptability and seven constructs (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, perceived effectiveness, intervention coherence, self-efficacy, opportunity costs). We summarized data using descriptive statistics. We assessed factors associated with acceptability using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We found that of 100 participants (44% female, median age 39 years), 66% were willing to accept an intervention that would allow lifelong remission (antiretroviral treatment-free control), 88% were willing if the intervention guaranteed remission for everyone treated, and 87% were willing if the intervention had minimal side effects. Total mean acceptability scores of hypothetical HIV cure-related research modalities were oral or injectable chemotherapeutics (3.8/5), intravenous or injectable antibodies (3.7/5), radiotherapy (3.3/5), transplantation (3.1/5), gene therapy (2.9/5), and across all modalities (3.4/5). Participants rated antibodies and chemotherapeutics with tied top scores for affective attitude (3.8/5) and self-efficacy (4.0/5); chemotherapeutics with top scores for perceived effectiveness (4.0/5), intervention coherence (4.1/5) and having least burden (3.2/5) and opportunity costs (3.3/5); and antibodies with the top score for ethicality (4.2/5). Acceptability was associated with non-binary gender and willingness to take an intervention achieving 2 years remission. In conclusion, people living with HIV have moderately high acceptability for oral or injectable chemotherapeutics and intravenous or injectable antibodies but would need more information about gene therapy, transplantation, and radiotherapy. Antibodies aligned highest with personal values, suggesting support for antibody research and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Two Novel HIV-1B/CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC Recombinant Forms Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hebei Province, China.","authors":"Feng Zhao, Ziting Liu, Jianru Jia, Zhen Zhang, Haoxi Shi, Weiguang Fan, Sisi Chen","doi":"10.1177/08892229251374704","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251374704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The frequent recombination between subtypes has driven significant HIV-1 genetic diversity in recent years, especially in some areas with co-circulation of multiple subtypes. In this study, we obtained nearly full-length genome sequences of two novel HIV-1 B/CRF01_AE/CRF07_BC recombinants from BD076A and BDL161, with lengths of 8718 bp (HXB2:772-9490) and 8851 bp (HBB2:759-9610), respectively. Both recombination breakpoint and Bootscanning analysis revealed that the recombinant structure of BD076A was based on the CRF07_BC backbone, with the insertion of one subtype B and one CRF01_AE gene fragment, containing four subregions. Similarly, BDL161 was based on the CRF07_BC backbone, with the insertion of one subtype B fragment and two CRF01_AE gene fragments, containing seven subregions. These findings highlight the importance of sustaining molecular epidemiological surveillance to monitor HIV-1 diversity and take effective prevention and control strategies in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"552-558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequence Notes: Genomic Characterization of Two Novel HIV-1 Recombinant Forms (B/C) Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hebei, China.","authors":"Xuanhe Zhao, Zhixia Chen, Jian Du, Haoxi Shi, Sisi Chen, Weiguang Fan","doi":"10.1177/08892229251359663","DOIUrl":"10.1177/08892229251359663","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genetic diversity of HIV-1, driven by mutation and recombination, poses significant challenges to prevention and control efforts, particularly in regions like China where multiple subtypes and circulating recombinant forms co-circulate. Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a key population for the emergence of novel recombinants. This study characterizes two novel unique recombinant forms (URFs) identified within the MSM population in Hebei, China. Viral RNA extraction, amplification, and near full-length genome (NFLG) sequencing were performed. Phylogenetic analysis based on NFLG alignments was conducted in MEGA 6 under the Kimura 2-parameter model with 1,000 bootstrap replicates. Recombination was assessed using the Recombinant Identification Program and SimPlot v3.5.1. Breakpoint-defined regions were phylogenetically analyzed, and recombination maps were generated. Phylogenetic and recombinant analysis based on NFLG sequences (designated BDL061 and BDL071) revealed that they originated from subtypes B and C. BDL061 exhibited a predominantly subtype B backbone with interspersed subtype C segments, while BDL071 displayed a predominantly subtype C backbone with subtype B segments. Phylogenetic analysis of recombinant segments strongly supported (bootstrap >90%) subtype B and C parental origins for the respective fragments. We report the identification and characterization of two phylogenetically distinct, novel HIV-1B/C URFs (BDL061 and BDL071) among MSM in Hebei, China. Their unique mosaic structures, differing predominant backbones, and confirmation as novel recombinants underscore the ongoing evolution and increasing complexity of the HIV-1 epidemic within this high-risk population in China. These findings highlight the critical need for NFLG-based surveillance to accurately track viral diversity and inform public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"541-546"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Newly Confirmed and ART-Naïve HIV-1-Infected MSM in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, China.","authors":"Li Shen, Yue Wu, Jin Liu, Lu Ye, Jing Yang, Xiao Wu, Hong Xu","doi":"10.1089/aid.2025.0032","DOIUrl":"10.1089/aid.2025.0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estimating the prevalence and characterizing the HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) are crucial for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. However, there are limited data currently on TDR among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, a high-risk population for drug resistance. We conducted a retrospective analysis among the newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive HIV-1-infected MSM in Zhenjiang, 2012-2018. We analyzed the HIV-1 subtypes, TDR prevalence, TDR-associated mutations, and predicted drug sensitivity. Among these 192 participants, CRF01_AE (50.0%) and CRF07_BC (34.9%) were the predominant HIV-1 strains, with an increasing diversity of circulating subtypes (<i>p</i> < .05). A total of nine patients infected with CRF01_AE exhibited one or more TDR mutations, including 3.6% for Protease Inhibitor (PI)-related mutations, 1.0% for NRTI-related mutations and 1.0% for NNRTI-related mutations. The most common mutation was M46L/I for PIs. Notably, TDR prevalence showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2018, with an average of 4.7%. The gradually diversified subtypes, the increased TDR prevalence, and the potential risk of transmitting drug-resistant strains to the general population highlight the necessity of TDR monitoring in MSM. This will be beneficial for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in Zhenjiang.</p>","PeriodicalId":7544,"journal":{"name":"AIDS research and human retroviruses","volume":" ","pages":"534-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144511408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}