AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the trimethylamine-degrading genes in the human gut microbiome.","authors":"Yi-Ran Chen, Li-Dan Chen, Lin-Jie Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01902-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01902-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimethylamine (TMA), produced by gut microbes, is a precursor to a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Currently, TMA-degrading bacteria in the human gut have rarely been studied. This study combined TMA-enriched cultures (from 104 young male stool samples) with metagenomic profiling to identify key microbial players of TMA degradation. The results showed that the contribution of Enterococcus to methane metabolism was significantly higher in TMA-enriched culture samples. The 68.58% up-regulation of dmd-tmd (dimethylamine/trimethylamine dehydrogenase) in the TMA-enriched group indicated that the anaerobic dehydrogenase pathway participated in TMA metabolism. Notably, we first identified that taxa containing dmd-tmd belonged to Christensenella timonensis. The up-regulation of genes involved in methanogenesis (M00563) as well as the significant enrichment of M00563 (Reporter Score = 2.223) indicated that the methanogenesis pathway may play a role. We constructed gene databases for genes involved in the anaerobic dehydrogenase pathway (1526 sequences for dmd-tmd, 1319 sequences for mauA, and 326 sequences for mauB, respectively) and the aerobic oxidation pathway (2146 sequences for tmm, 1445 sequences for tdm, and 1519 sequences for dmm, respectively) based on genomes from the Integrated Microbial Genome (IMG) database, most of which belong to Pseudomonadota. Screening gut metagenomes with these databases revealed low sequence identity (< 70%), possibly because of the underrepresentation of gut-specific genomes from IMG. This study links Christensenella timonensis to TMA degradation, providing potential targets for microbiota modulation and a gene-centric framework to advance the characterization of gut microbial TMA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory potential of Toxoplasma gondii lysate in C57BL/6 mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","authors":"Maryam Hajizadeh, Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi, Elham Badakhsh, Tohid Kazemi, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Ehsan Ahmadpour","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01900-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01900-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination within the central nervous system. Immunotherapy is an essential part of managing MS symptoms and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Toxoplasma gondii lysate antigens (TLA) in a C57BL/6 mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Eighteen mice were randomly assigned into three groups: healthy controls, EAE-induced mice, and EAE-induced mice treated with TLA. Clinical scores were recorded daily for all mice. To assess immune responses, mRNA and protein expression levels in isolated splenocytes were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. In addition, histological analyses were performed to evaluate inflammation and demyelination across the experimental groups. TLA-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced clinical scores and demyelination compared to the untreated EAE group. The treatment also decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in CNS tissues. At the molecular level, TLA modulated cytokine expression by downregulating pro-inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-17, RORγT) and upregulating anti-inflammatory and regulatory markers (IL-4, GATA3, FOXP3, TGF-β, TNF-α). TLA treatment demonstrated immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in EAE mice, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent in MS. These findings support further exploration of parasitic antigens in the context of autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ochratoxin A reduction in wine fermentation: evaluating the potential of Lachancea thermotolerans.","authors":"Javier Vicente, Daniel Vidal, Wendu Tesfaye, Fernando Calderón, Fernando García, Santiago Benito","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01896-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01896-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin commonly found in wine, primarily produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. Due to its nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic properties, ochratoxin A contamination in wine is a significant concern for public health. This study investigates the potential of Lachancea thermotolerans in reducing ochratoxin A levels during wine fermentation, evaluating its fermentative performance and impact on key enological parameters. Fermentation trials with 32 L. thermotolerans strains demonstrated considerable variability in fermentation kinetics, ethanol production, and sugar consumption. The yeast exhibited strain-dependent variability in the production of organic acids, including succinic and lactic acid, leading to significant differences in total acidity and pH. Additionally, L. thermotolerans produced glycerol levels comparable to or exceeding those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ability of L. thermotolerans to reduce ochratoxin A was highly strain-dependent, with reductions ranging widely. The most effective strains achieved ochratoxin A reductions exceeding those previously reported for S. cerevisiae. However, an inverse correlation was observed between ochratoxin A reduction and polyphenol retention, suggesting that strains with high ochratoxin A adsorption may also bind anthocyanins and polyphenols, affecting wine color and structure. These findings highlight L. thermotolerans as a promising non-Saccharomyces yeast for mitigating ochratoxin A contamination in wine while contributing positively to acidity modulation and sensory attributes. The study underscores the importance of strain selection to balance ochratoxin A detoxification with desirable enological properties, particularly in regions where contamination poses a significant challenge to wine safety and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of avocado anthracnose by carposphere-associated Kosakonia cowanii VG1 for agricultural applications.","authors":"Marco V Gallardo-Camarena, Frédérique Reverchon, Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, Mario A Torres-Acosta, Cuauhtémoc Licona-Cassani","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01894-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01894-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avocado anthracnose, a devastating fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, represents the most significant postharvest challenge for avocado production. This study evaluates the biocontrol potential of bacterial strains isolated from different niches within the avocado ecosystem, including fruits, roots, trunks and nectar. Among these isolates, the bacterium Kosakonia cowanii VG1, isolated from avocado carposphere, demonstrated the highest in vitro antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of both Colletrotrichum species by 70% and 65%, respectively. In vivo experiments with K. cowanii VG1 reduced disease severity by 60% in avocado fruits compared to untreated controls. Genomic analysis of K. cowanii VG1 revealed the absence of virulence factors, ensuring safety for human health. Additionally, fermentation analysis demonstrated that K. cowanii VG1 can be efficiently cultured at large scales. Additionally, a techno-economic evaluation showed that its production costs are competitive, ranging from $0.08-$0.15 per dose. These findings highlight the potential of K. cowanii VG1 as a promising, safe, and cost-effective biocontrol agent for managing avocado anthracnose, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of probiotic treatment on the intestinal microbial community of Haliotis diversicolor.","authors":"Ruixuan Wang, Juan Wang, Daguang Tang, Bing Li, Jianjian Huang, Xiaozhi Lin, Yun Li, Wenju Xu, Weifeng Gao, Jiangyong Wang, Hui Zhu","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01885-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01885-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotic treatment is an effective method for enhancing growth performance and improving intestinal flora in aquaculture species. This study examined the effects of three candidate-probiotics (Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and Lactobacillus) on the rate of weight gain and the intestinal flora of abalone juveniles. Haliotis diversicolor was fed a probiotic-supplemented diet for 30 days. The abalones fed with Lactobacillus showed a more significant weight gain rate than those in the Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and control groups. Through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing, 12,490 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were obtained from the abalone intestinal tract microbiome. After a short feeding period (5 days), the Bacillus and photosynthetic bacteria-treated groups showed an increased abundance of Proteobacteria in the abalone digestive tract. In the Lactobacillus-treated group, the quantity of Proteobacteria decreased, and the abundance of Bacteroidota increased. After 30 days of feeding, the abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes at the phylum level was more significant in the Bacillus-treated group and photosynthetic bacteria-treated group than in the controls. The Lactobacillus-treated group showed an increase in the quantity of Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. The dominant flora of the three probiotic treated groups changed slightly with respect to the control group. After a short period of feeding (5 days), the abundance of Rhodobacteraceae (at the genus level) in the abalone digestive tract increased in the Bacillus- and photosynthetic bacteria-treated groups, whereas in the Lactobacillus-treated group, Rhodobacteraceae decreased, and Maribacter increased in abundance. After 30 days of feeding, Bacteroidetes and Ruegeria were higher in the Bacillus-treated group than in the control group. Marinirhabdus and Bacteroidetes increased in the photosynthetic bacteria-treated group, and Roseivivax and Ruegeria increased in the Lactobacillus-treated group. The three probiotic-treated groups had higher microbial diversity than the control group. Therefore, our findings confirmed that adding Bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, and Lactobacillus to the abalone diet increased abalones' weight gain rate and altered their intestinal microbiome composition.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"87"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic fertilizers and Azotobacter: effects on onion growth, yield, metabolites, and soil fertility.","authors":"Waleed M Ali, Sadoun M E Sultan, Ahmed M Ali, Hassan M Al-Sayed, Mohamed Ahmed Mahmoud, Hanan G Ismail, Islam I Teiba, Ahmed Fathy Yousef","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01895-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01895-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of lumpy skin disease in Northeast India and a new method for rapid field diagnosis.","authors":"Samir Das, Kandhan Srinivas, Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton, Sabia Khan, Lavinia Wahlang, Hosterson Kylla, Gundallahalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy, Sharanagouda S Patil, Erica Lawai Lyngdoh, Pebam Chandrima Devi, Sandeep Ghatak, Kekungu-U Puro, Arnab Sen","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01891-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01891-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD), a viral disease affecting cattle and related species, entered India in 2019, with first outbreak reported in Odisha, and has since caused significant economic losses to the Indian livestock sector. Following its entry, the disease spread rapidly to various states, including the northeastern region which is known for its porous borders. A total of 56 clinical samples (whole blood, skin scrapings, nasal swab, skin lesions and serum) were collected from various outbreaks of LSD in Meghalaya. World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH)-recommended probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting LSDV126 region detected Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in 42 out of 56 clinical samples. Additionally, 182 contemporary serum samples were screened using commercial ELISA kit which indicated an apparent seroprevalence of 11.54% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.7-17%) and a true prevalence of 12.3% (95% CI 7.86-18.53%). Three representative samples were subjected to partial sequencing-based phylogenetic analysis targeting the LSDVp32 and LSDV117 regions which confirmed the diagnosis of LSD and also revealed circulation of the Kenyan field strain-associated LSDV. Furthermore, a novel isothermal approach exploiting Saltatory Rolling Circle Amplification (SRCA) mechanism was also explored with WOAH-recommended conventional PCR primers which yielded results comparable to real-time PCR-based diagnostic methods with a minimum detection limit of 10 copies/µL of the standard plasmid. The availability of this rapid and reliable diagnostic assay could be harnessed for early diagnosis of LSD, especially in resource-limited and field laboratory settings and ultimately aid in the timely implementation of control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of predictors for bacterial meningitis diagnosis based on transcriptomics and genetic analysis.","authors":"Hexiang Jiang, Xibing Yu, Jingyan Fan, Houhui Song, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01893-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01893-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial meningitis (BM) requires rapid intervention, especially in immunocompromised populations. Understanding early immune responses is crucial, as they precede clinical symptoms; however, comprehensive studies remain limited. This research investigates immune-related genes to improve BM diagnosis and treatment. Mendelian randomization, differential gene expression analysis, and co-expression network analysis identified key genes associated with BM. Immune cell ratio calculations and infiltration analyses demonstrated altered immune cell proportions. Spearman correlation analysis revealed relationships between gene expression and immune cell types. Single-cell RNA sequencing, gene set enrichment analysis, and pseudotime analysis explored changes in gene expression and cell proportions across disease stages, focusing on the roles of key genes in specific immune cells. Ring Finger Protein 144B (RNF144B) was identified as a risk gene predominantly expressed in monocytes and neutrophils. Conversely, FYN Proto-Oncogene (FYN) was identified as a protective gene primarily associated with NKT cells. During BM onset, increased RNF144B expression positively correlated with elevated neutrophil levels, while reduced FYN expression correlated with decreased NKT cell levels. During remission and recovery, RNF144B expression and neutrophil proportions decreased, whereas FYN expression and NKT cell proportions increased. NKT cells appeared to play a protective role, with FYN potentially modulating T-cell receptor function in these cells, thereby reducing BM risk. RNF144B and FYN expression exhibit opposing trends in peripheral blood across BM stages, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring. These findings provide a valuable reference for early intervention strategies and personalized treatment approaches tailored to specific disease stages in the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of UV-C radiation on chemical profile and pharmaceutical application in vitro of Aloe vera oil.","authors":"Sulaiman A Alsalamah, Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim, Tarek M Abdelghany, Mutasem S Almehayawi, Samy Selim, Mohanned T Alharbi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01884-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01884-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uncontrolled exposure to ultra violet (UV) radiation have many adverse impacts on human health. UV could be divided into three main classes according to wave length range where UV-C (200-280) is one of these classes. Aloe vera oil is a common product in markets with many cosmetic and medicinal applications. The purpose of this investigation is to expose the oil to UV-C at a dose of 17.0 mJ/cm² (254 nm) for 0, 30, and 60 min to examine the impact of change of exposure periods on the alteration in chemical composition of Aloe vera oil as well as its various biological activities. GC-MS examination of various oil forms reveled the proportional elevation in the number of compounds in the oil with increasing time of exposure to UV-C where linoleic acid ethyl ester and ethyl oleate were the most common compounds in oil forms with emergence of trace molecules and their derivatives from various chemical classes especially in the exposed oil to radiation especially after 60 min. The antimicrobial action towards Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) reflecting the successive to boost the activity versus examined microbes except for A. niger with inhibition zones ranged from 16 ± 1 to 24 ± 1mm, 18 ± 1 to 25 ± 1mm, and 22 ± 1 to 26 ± 1 mm using unexposed A. vera oil, exposed A. vera oil to UV for 30, and 60 min, respectively against tested microorganisms. Moreover, exposure to radiation at various time points resulted in substantial reduction of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the applied oil forms. For instance the MIC values were 62.5 ± 0.1, 31.25 ± 0.1, and 15.62 ± 0.1 µg/ml for S. aureus, 125 ± 0.2, 62.5 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.2 µg/ml for B. subtilis, moreover MBC values were 125 ± 0.1, 125 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.3 µg/ml for S. aureus, 250 ± 0.3, 125 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.3 µg/ml for B. subtilis using unexposed A. vera oil, exposed A. vera oil to UV for 30, and 60 min, respectively. There is a notable improvement of anti-biofilm action of examined oil especially upon using 25% of MBC. Furthermore, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and wound healing capabilities of the tested oils dramatically raised with increase time of exposure. Future studies are required to detect the maximal beneficial gain upon exposure to various natural oils UV-C.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12122980/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Silver/Zinc@Lignin nanoparticles using peanut shells: photocatalytic and biological activity.","authors":"Mahshid Shafiee, Zahra Sabouri, Asma Mostafapour, Majid Darroudi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01892-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01892-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, zinc and silver-doped lignin nanoparticles (Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles) were synthesized in two steps using peanut outer shells. The optical properties of NPs were analyzed through UV-Vis and PL measurements, while X-ray analysis approved their crystal structure. The surface characteristics and chemical composition of NPs were identified using FTIR analysis. TEM images of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles showed spherical morphology with an average size of about 22.71 nm. The antibacterial activity of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles was assessed against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the results exhibited strong antibacterial properties against the pathogenic strain compared to the standard. The MTT test results indicated that Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles were more sensitive against cancer cells (Huh-7) in comparison with normal cells (L929), and IC₅₀ values were reported as 122.9 and 389 µg/mL in order. Also, photocatalytic effects displayed the high ability of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles to degrade organic pigments such as Rhodamine B (98.8%, RhB) and Methylene blue (98.8%, MB) under UV light.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12106268/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}