AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Influence of solvents on the extraction efficiency and biological activity of marbled eel mucus.","authors":"Kieu Thi Huyen, Nguyen Quang Linh","doi":"10.1186/s13568-024-01819-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-024-01819-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marbled eels are migratory between freshwater, brackish, and saltwater environments. Eel mucus contains biological components that are essential in protecting against environmental pathogens. The biological activity of mucus depends on endogenous and exogenous factors. This study aimed to determine the influence of solvents in extracting bioactive compounds from marbled eel mucus for aquaculture and human healthcare applications. The results show that different solvents affect the composition and biological activity of the extract from marbled eel mucus. The extracts have 19-23 other peaks of compounds, with retention times ranging from 0.8 to 60.0 min on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The selective extraction rate of components (% area) has significant differences between extracts with different solvents. The eel mucus extracted with acetone solvent exhibited the highest biological activity in all tests: IC50 = 36.603 mg/mL and SC% = 98.424% at 100 mg/mL for antioxidant activity; Antibacterial activity was demonstrated against S. aureus (IC50 = 65.00 ± 3.01 µg/mL) and B. subtilis (IC50 = 112.00 ± 7.89 µg/mL); The ability to inhibit human skin cancer cells (IC50 = 465.96 ± 8.54 µg/mL) and normal cells (IC50 = 453.36 ± 17.88 µg/mL). Extracts extracted with n-Hexane solvent showed higher safety for cells than extracts from other solvents (IC50 = 632.43 ± 18.80 µg/mL, higher than the value IC50 = 545.25 ± 26.36 µg/mL for skin cancer cells). These results provide important data for selecting and applying products derived from extracts of marbled eel mucus in the future, sparking excitement and optimism about this research's potential impact on aquaculture and human health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"47"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Quantitative real-time PCR analysis of gut microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to healthy controls.","authors":"Azin Masroor, Abolfazl Gholipour, Milad Shahini Shams Abadi, Mohammad Mousavi, Moluk Hadi Alijanvand, Behnam Zamanzad","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01855-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01855-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11910470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143633254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Artemisia monosperma with royal jelly: antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and anti-Alzheimer assay.","authors":"Naglaa Elshafey, Sally Said Ehmedan, Nashwa Hagagy, Shereen M Elbanna, Reham Z Sadek","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01838-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01838-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation aimed to examine the synergistic effects of fresh royal jelly and local wild Artemisia monosperma leaf extract as antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and anti-Alzheimer activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) identified 16 compounds in Artemisia monosperma, including tricosadiynoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, octadecenoic acid. In contrast, fresh royal jelly contained 13 compounds, including dodecanoic acid, octadecynoic acid, hexadecenoic acid, heptatriacotanol, and their derivatives. The Artemisia monosperma extract exhibited significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, with IC₅₀ value of 5.48 ± 0.002 µg/mL. Fresh royal jelly exhibited an IC₅₀ value of 14.56 ± 0.004 µg/mL. Both substances exhibited significant antibacterial activity in comparison to gentamycin. The Synergistic combination (1:1) effectively suppressed the growth of multidrug-resistant bacterial species, including Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 10541), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 90274), and decreased biofilm activity. Additionally, in vitro the of inhibition activity (IC₅₀) of the Butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE) for the plant extract, royal jelly and the Synergistic combination were 4.35 ± 0.002 µg/mL, 4.9 ± 0.002 µg/mL, and 3.55 ± 0.002 µg/mL, respectively while the IC₅₀ of rivastigmine (positive control) was 3.9 ± 0.002 µg/mL. in silico analysis reported that the bioactive compounds demonstrated high binding affinities, between - 6.6 and - 10.3 kcal/mol, against the human acetylcholinesterase protein, beside ADMET analysis exhibited high gastrointestinal absorption and potential inhibitory effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 enzymes. Our study indicated that the synergistic effect of Artemisia monosperma and royal jelly bioactive compounds exhibited a promising antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent insights on phage therapy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.","authors":"Ann A Elshamy, Sandra K Kamal, Mariam T Mahmoud, Aya M Elhasany, Aya A Shady, Sherok A Mohamed, Hasna A Abd-Elmaaboud, Nour E El-Awady, Rana A Mohamed, Sara A El-Mirghany, Sarraa W El-Hady, Mohamed M Abd-ElRahman, Khaled M Aboshanab","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01837-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01837-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acinetobacter baumannii is a prevalent clinical pathogen commonly found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), causing serious to life-threatening infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections with limited therapeutic options. The MDR phenotype developed against this critical pathogen is increasingly developed globally, reaching a pan-drug-resistant phenotype conferring non-susceptibility to all antimicrobials used in its treatment according to the standard guidelines. Therefore, it is critical to develop innovative treatment approaches, such as phage therapy, considering the rise in drug-resistant A. baumannii infections. In this review, we highlight and discuss the up-to-date antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii, the use of phages, their limitations, and future perspectives in treating A. baumannii infections. In addition, the combination of phages with antimicrobials, preclinical and clinical studies including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties have been discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saponins from sea cucumber disrupt Aeromonas hydrophila quorum sensing to mitigate pathogenicity.","authors":"Banafsheh Payam, Mehdi Soltani, Mehdi Shamsaie Mehrgan, Houman Rajabi Islami, Melika Nazemi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01831-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01831-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aeromonas hydrophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, poses significant threats to aquaculture, leading to substantial economic losses. Its pathogenicity is primarily driven by a sophisticated quorum sensing (QS) system that regulates virulence factors. This study investigates saponins extracted from the sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota as potential natural inhibitors of QS in A. hydrophila, offering a novel disease management strategy for aquaculture. Specimens of H. leucospilota were collected, and saponins were extracted from their Cuvierian tubules through a process of homogenization, solvent extraction, and purification. The saponin extract's minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against A. hydrophila were found to be 80 μg/mL and 30 μg/mL, respectively. Hemolysin, lipase, and protease are examples of QS-regulated virulence factors whose activities were found to be significantly reduced by sub-MIC levels of saponins. Additionally, swarming motility and biofilm formation were notably inhibited. A significant downregulation of the QS genes ahyI and ahyR was observed, indicating an effective disruption of the QS system.These findings suggest that saponins from H. leucospilota can inhibit the QS system in A. hydrophila, thereby reducing its pathogenicity. This disruption offers a promising method for controlling bacterial infections without directly killing the bacteria, potentially mitigating antibiotic resistance. The study highlights the potential of marine-derived compounds as natural QS inhibitors, contributing to environmentally friendly aquaculture practices. Overall, it provides evidence that sea cucumber saponins could serve as a novel class of anti-QS agents, presenting a new perspective on disease management in aquaculture and other bacterial infection contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of microbial CP-lyase cluster genes for bioremediation of phosphonate.","authors":"Precious I Richard, William H Baltosser, Philip H Williams, Qingfang He","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01856-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01856-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ever-increasing use of phosphonates and their derivatives has resulted in the discharge of large quantities of these materials into the ecosystem, causing pollution and harmful shifts in microbiome composition. We conducted an extensive phylogenetic analysis to address this mounting problem and to help determine suitable microbes for bioremediation in specific environments. The 84 microorganisms included in our study span the gamut of species and occupied habitats. They degrade phosphonates by expressing an enzyme complex; CP-Lyase transcribed from 14 cistrons. Of the organisms studied, 12, 39, and 25 are singularly suitable for mostly freshwater, marine, or terrestrial habitats, respectively. Others adapted to multihabitats include Calothrix sp. PCC 7507 (both freshwater and marine habitats), Escherichia coli, Kaistia soli, Limoniibacter endophyticus, Marivita sp. and Virgibacillus dokdonensis (both marine and terrestrial habitats), Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (both freshwater and terrestrial habitats), with Paenibacillus contaminans suitable for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. All organisms were statistically rooted to glutathione peroxidase for phylogenetic perspective with tree topology dependent upon 50% or greater support. Clustered genes have been shown to have co-evolved based on striking nucleotide similarity and clade groupings within the tree topologies generated.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The coadministration of Lactobacillus probiotic augments the antitumor effect of telmisartan in rats.","authors":"Ahmed M El-Baz, Amany A El-Mahmoudy, Sameh Saber, Marwa T ElRakaiby","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01843-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01843-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent disease with a high mortality rate and is significantly affected by microbial dysbiosis. Recent research suggests that modulation of the gut microbiome can have therapeutic benefits and that Angiotensin-II Type 1 Receptor (AT1R) can stimulate cell growth, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis in various cancers. In this study, the adjunctive administration of Lactobacillus spp. and telmisartan, an AT1R blocker, was explored in the treatment of CRC. The effect of telmisartan and a mixture of probiotic species, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum, was assessed on key biomarkers and selected gut microbiota taxa in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced CRC in rats. Angiogenesis, inflammation, and apoptosis were assessed by measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and Annexin V levels, respectively. The relative abundance of selected gut microbial taxa, including Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Clostridium coccoides, Ruminococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. was analyzed to determine the change in the microbial composition in the different experimental groups of the animal model. This study demonstrated that the unique combination therapy using a Lactobacillus mixture and telmisartan effectively reduced VEGF and IL-6 levels, indicating decreased angiogenesis and inflammation. Lactobacillus spp. co-administration with telmisartan boosted programmed cell death, reversed dysbiosis, improved histopathological outcomes, and reduced CEA levels. These findings offer a new perspective on the role of Lactobacillus spp. and telmisartan in CRC treatment. Further research on their adjunctive use and therapeutic potential are needed to enhance clinical efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and morphological features of an Amazonian Bacillus thuringiensis with mosquito larvicidal activity.","authors":"Veranilce Alves Muniz, Ricardo de Melo Katak, Lílian Caesar, Juan Campos de Oliveira, Elerson Matos Rocha, Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira, Gilvan Ferreira da Silva, Rosemary Aparecida Roque, Osvaldo Marinotti, Olle Terenius, Edmar Vaz de Andrade","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01850-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01850-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of mosquito-borne diseases is increasing, and their geographical range is expanding due to climate change. New control measures are urgently needed to combat these debilitating and, in some cases, fatal diseases. Bacteria of the genus Bacillus are of interest due to the production of bioactive compounds, including those useful for insect control. The discovery and characterization of new species of Bacillus with mosquito larvicidal activity may offer opportunities to develop new products for vector control. In this study, we evaluated larvicidal activity, described morphological characteristics, and sequenced and analyzed the genome of a bacterial strain (GD02.13) isolated from the Amazon region. The metabolites produced by GD02.13 are as effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae as the commercial product Natular™ DT (Spinosad). Furthermore, the morphological characteristics of the GD02.13 spores and crystal inclusions resemble those previously described for B. thuringiensis. A phylogenetic analysis based on 443 single-copy orthologs indicated that the bacterial strain GD02.13 belongs to the Bacillus thuringiensis species. Its genome, which was assembled and has a size of 6.6 Mb, contains 16 secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters and genes encoding insecticidal proteins, predicted based on sequence similarity. The data obtained in this study support the development of new insecticide products based on the strain GD02.13 of B. thuringiensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of a novel phage as a promising biological agent targeting multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.","authors":"Mahmoud A Abdel-Razek, Shaimaa I Nazeih, Nehal Yousef, Momen Askoura","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01846-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01846-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rise of deaths by resistant bacteria is a global threat to public health systems. Klebsiella pneumoniae is a virulent pathogen that causes serious nosocomial infections. The major obstacle to bacterial treatment is antibiotic resistance, which necessitates the introducing of alternative therapies. Phage therapy has been regarded as a promising avenue to fight multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In the current study, a novel phage vB_KpnP_KP17 was isolated from sewage, and its lytic potential was investigated against K. pneumoniae. The isolated phage vB_KpnP_kP17 was lytic to 17.5% of tested K. pneumoniae isolates. One step growth curve indicated a virulent phage with a short latent period (20 min) and large burst size (331 PFU/cell). Additionally, vB_KpnP_kP17 maintained its activity against planktonic cells over a wide range of pH, temperature and UV irradiation intervals. The potential of vB_KpnP_KP17 as antibiofilm agent was revealed by the biofilm inhibition assay. The isolated phage vB_KpnP_KP17 at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 inhibited more than 50% of attached biofilms of tested K. pneumoniae isolates. The genome of vB_KpnP_kP17 was characterized and found to be a linear dsDNA of 39,936 bp in length and GC content of 52.85%. Additionally, the absence of toxicity, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes further confirms the safety of vB_KpnP_KP17 for clinical applications. These characteristics make vB_KpnP_KP17 of a potential therapeutic value to manage MDR K. pneumoniae infections. Additionally, the formulation of vB_KpnP_KP17 in a cocktail with other lytic phages or with antibiotics could be applied to further limit biofilm-producing K. pneumoniae infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of satiety hormones by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides fragilis and their derivatives.","authors":"Somayeh Vaezijoze, Shiva Irani, Seyed Davar Siadat, Mohammadreza Zali","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01852-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01852-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is a complex disorder influenced by various factors, including gut microbiota, which play a crucial role in metabolic regulation. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis, along with their derivatives-outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and cell-free supernatant (CFS)-on the expression and secretion of satiety hormones in the murine intestinal secretin tumor cell line (STC-1). We examined the expression of peptide YY (PYY), glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2, encoded by the GCG gene), the enzyme prohormone convertase-1 (PC1/PCSK1 gene), and the receptors G protein-coupled receptor 119 and 120 (GPR119 and GPR120), and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor (TGR5). Our results demonstrate that live B. fragilis significantly increased PYY expression and secretion. B. thetaiotaomicron CFS notably upregulated GCG, PCSK1, GPR119, GPR120, and TGR5 expression, leading to elevated GLP-1 secretion. B. fragilis CFS decreased GPR119, GPR120, and GCG expression. OMVs from B. thetaiotaomicron at 50 µg/ml significantly enhanced GCG and PCSK1 expression, while B. fragilis OMVs generally decreased gene expression, except for PYY protein abundance. Inactive B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis increased GCG mRNA levels and GLP-1 concentration, with inactive B. fragilis also elevating GLP-2 protein levels.This study suggests that B. thetaiotaomicron and its derivatives, particularly CFS and OMVs, have potential as next-generation probiotics, postbiotics, and paraprobiotics for modulating satiety hormones and managing obesity. Further research is warranted to explore their mechanisms and therapeutic applications in vivo.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143565700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}