AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Potential link between Gordonibacter pamelaeae and phospholipase C gamma 1 in osteoarthritis.","authors":"Shengkun Li, Shaozi Zhong, Chun Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02087-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02087-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut-joint axis has been increasingly implicated in osteoarthritis (OA), yet the causal contribution of specific gut microbes and their downstream molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We employed a multi-stage, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. This approach utilized summary-level data from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for gut microbiota, plasma proteins, and OA. The analysis involved three steps: (1) identifying gut microbial taxa with potential causal associations with OA risk; (2) screening of pyroptosis-related proteins using pQTL data; and (3) performing mediation analysis to evaluate potential intermediate mechanisms. We also performed transcriptomic analysis of human cartilage and in vitro experiments in chondrocytes to support the biological relevance of our findings. Our MR analysis identified Gordonibacter pamelaeae as a suggestive microbial taxon inversely associated with OA risk. Among 11 candidate pyroptosis-related proteins, only Phospholipase C Gamma 1 (PLCG1) showed a significant inverse association with OA. MR analysis further suggested that G. pamelaeae was positively associated with genetically predicted PLCG1 levels. Mediation analysis indicated that PLCG1 partially mediated the association between G. pamelaeae and OA. Consistent with these findings, PLCG1 mRNA levels were reduced in human OA cartilage. Furthermore, our in vitro experiments demonstrated that PLCG1 knockdown enhanced IL-1β-induced inflammatory and pyroptotic responses in chondrocytes. This study suggests a potential link involving gut microbiota and OA through PLCG1-related signaling. PLCG1 may act as a context-dependent regulator that limits excessive inflammatory responses under stress conditions. These findings refine the current understanding of the gut-joint axis and may help identify potential targets for OA intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13617155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of single and combined nitrogen sources on lipid production by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Rhodotorula paludigena.","authors":"Neveen Hassan Mansour, Ahmad Mohamad Moharram, Zeinab Soliman","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02075-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02075-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oleaginous yeasts of the genus Rhodotorula are promising microbial platforms for sustainable lipid production. However, nitrogen availability critically regulates both biomass formation and lipid production, with nitrogen limitation recognized as a key trigger for lipid overproduction. This study investigated the influence of single and combined organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on biomass formation and lipid production by Rhodotorula kratochvilovae AUMC17237 and R. paludigena AUMC17238. The results revealed strain-specific responses to different nitrogen sources. Among individual nitrogen sources, urea supported the highest biomass production in both strains. Ammonium chloride, when combined with organic nitrogen sources, resulted in enhanced biomass formation. Specifically, its combination with yeast extract yielded the highest biomass in R. kratochvilovae (6.282 ± 0.161 g/L), whereas its combination with urea produced the strongest biomass response in R. paludigena (6.565 ± 0.324 g/L). Organic nitrogen sources generally favored lipid accumulation when applied individually. Urea produced the highest lipid yield in R. kratochvilovae (0.990 ± 0.011 g/L), whereas yeast extract was most effective in R. paludigena (0.947 ± 0.033 g/L). Furthermore, combined organic-inorganic nitrogen sources enhanced lipid production, with maximum lipid yields achieved using ammonium sulfate with yeast extract in R. kratochvilovae (1.219 ± 0.023 g/L) and with urea in R. paludigena (0.909 ± 0.050 g/L). Lipid content varied markedly with nitrogen regime, reaching 32.18 ± 1.023 % of cell dry weight in R. kratochvilovae and 42.51 ± 1.171% in R. paludigena. Overall, these results demonstrate that both nitrogen type and its combination influence biomass formation and lipid accumulation, highlighting the importance of selecting compatible nitrogen regimes to optimize microbial lipid production in applied bioprocesses.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory analysis of genotoxic Escherichia coli and Helicobacter pylori virulence in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.","authors":"Tayyip Karaman, Nesteren Mansur-Ozen, Arzu Tiftikçi, Suna Yapalı, Cem Aygün, Osman Ugur Sezerman, Tanıl Kocagöz, Nurdan Tozun, Sinem Oktem-Okullu","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02084-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02084-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastrointestinal cancers remain among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Beyond environmental and hereditary determinants, increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may contribute to carcinogenesis through persistent infection, expression of virulence factors, and production of genotoxic metabolites. In this context, Helicobacter pylori has been firmly implicated in gastric carcinogenesis, while colibactin-producing Escherichia coli has emerged as a potential contributor to colorectal cancer development. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of colibactin-associated E. coli and virulence factor-harboring H. pylori strains in gastrointestinal cancer patients from a Turkish cohort. Tumor samples were collected from 19 patients with colorectal cancer and 4 patients with gastric cancer. In colorectal cancer samples, the presence of colibactin was assessed by screening for key genes (clbA, clbB, clbN, and clbQ). In gastric cancer samples, major H. pylori virulence determinants, including ureA, cagA, and vacA, were evaluated. Colibactin-associated genes were detected in approximately 21% of colorectal cancer patients (4/19), whereas 75% of gastric cancer cases (3/4) were positive for H. pylori virulence factors. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of two colibactin-positive isolates identified them as Escherichia coli Nissle and Citrobacter braakii. Given the limited sample size and exploratory design, these results are descriptive and intended to provide preliminary insight rather than establish causality. In conclusion, this study provides early evidence supporting the potential presence of genotoxin-associated bacteria and virulent H. pylori strains in gastrointestinal cancer patients in Türkiye. These findings underscore the need for larger, well-powered, and multi-omics-integrated studies to further elucidate the role of host-microbe interactions in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148349947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin expression reduces aerobic bioconversion of guaiacol in Pseudomonas putida despite non-limiting oxygen.","authors":"Fredrik Lund, Matilda Dellson, Nélida Leiva Eriksson, Marie Gorwa-Grauslund, Magnus Carlquist","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02089-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02089-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient lignin valorization relies on oxidative enzymatic reactions, making oxygen availability a critical determinant of process performance. Pseudomonas putida, an obligate aerobe and promising host for valorization of aromatic compounds, experiences reduced growth and conversion rates under oxygen limitation. Here, two plant hemoglobin genes originating from Arabidopsis thaliana (AHb2) and Beta vulgaris (BvHb2) were expressed, and the resulting strains were evaluated for growth on glucose and vanillin, and for whole-cell bioconversion of guaiacol to muconic acid. Expression of hemoglobin showed a tendency toward improved growth on glucose, but not on vanillin, in shake flask cultivations. In contrast, expression of AHb2 in a strain co-expressing gcoAB for conversion of guaiacol to cis, cis-muconic acid resulted in reduced growth and respiration under well-controlled bioreactor conditions, despite non-limiting oxygen. Furthermore, lower conversion rates of guaiacol to cis, cis-muconic acid were observed without affecting product yield, indicating that hemoglobin expression influences how oxygen is utilized within the cell rather than improving its availability for bioconversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13590471/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open-mixed fermentative culture as a feasible strategy to valorize agroindustrial residues into lactic acid.","authors":"A Martorell-Múgica, D Sánchez-Mata, C González-Fernández, S Greses","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02081-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02081-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lactic acid (HLact) is a platform chemical with wide industrial applications, and its production from waste streams offers a cost-effective alternative to conventional feedstock. However, pure bacterial cultures represent one of the highest costs of the production process due to the axenic conditions required. In this work, anaerobic fermentation of agroindustrial waste (AGW) was conducted at pH 4.5 and 25 °C using the indigenous microbiota naturally present in the AGW as sole microbial source. The process achieved a stable HLact accumulation of 33.2 g · L^-1 in the absence of pretreatment, corresponding to 48.3% bioconversion of organic matter. Microbial community analysis in terms of abundance revealed the predominance of the Lactobacillaceae family (56.4%) and Lactobacillus genus (36.3%), which contributed to the high selectivity towards HLact (87.7% w/w). These results highlighted the potential of open-mixed fermentative cultures for HLact production without the need for costly pretreatments or axenic conditions, thereby increasing the cost-effectiveness of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550319/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial community and functional prediction differences between white and red sour soup.","authors":"Runcheng Zhou, Wenjing Zhang, Kecan Chen, Zhiteng Lin, Xumei Yi, Jingwei Pan, Xin Chen, Anping Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02080-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02080-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sour soup is a traditional plant-based fermented food from Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou Province, China. It is divided into two types: white sour soup and red sour soup. White sour soup is made by semi-anaerobic fermentation of oryza sativa var. glutinosa washing water in earthenware jars for 7-10 days. Red sour soup is prepared by crushing and mixing solanum lycopersicum, red capsicum annuum, and zingiber officinale with oryza sativa var. glutinosa washing water at a ratio of 3:1:0.5:5, followed by semi-anaerobic fermentation for 10-15 days. To date, no study has systematically compared the bacterial community and functional differences between the two types of sour soup. In this study, six samples of each type were analyzed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt2 functional prediction. The results showed that their community structures were significantly separated (p < 0.05). White sour soup was dominated by Proteobacteria (93.66%) and enriched with Lactobacillus (LDA = 3.63), Acetobacter (LDA = 5.67), and Clostridiales (LDA = 4.21). Red sour soup exhibited higher diversity, with Proteobacteria decreasing to 39.09% and co-existing with multiple other phyla including Chloroflexota (19.72%), and specifically enriched with Akkermansia (LDA = 4.26). Functionally, white sour soup showed higher predicted abundances in host circulatory system (FC = 3.26, p < 0.001) and host immune system (FC = 1.65, p < 0.01) pathways, whereas red sour soup showed higher abundance in the host digestive system pathway (FC = 0.46, p < 0.01). This study systematically reveals, for the first time, raw material-driven bacterial differentiation and provides a theoretical foundation for the functional development of traditional fermented foods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surfactant-driven quorum sensing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.","authors":"Prathibha Selvamani, James John, Janaki Devi Kumar, Sangeetha Gopalakrishnan, Jagadish Chandra Kumar Mangu, Priyatharshini Thangaraj, Krupakar Parthasarathy","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02083-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02083-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic lung disease in which thick mucus builds up in the airways, making patients highly vulnerable to chronic bacterial infections. One of the most problematic bacteria in these infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an adaptable microbe that can survive antibiotics and persist in the lungs for many years. This bacterium uses a communication system called \"quorum sensing (QS)\" to coordinate group behaviors. Through this system, bacterial cells sense their population density and collectively switch on genes that control toxin production, biofilm formation, and resistance to treatment. In cystic fibrosis lungs, the protective lung surfactant layer, especially a major lipid component called dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), becomes altered due to chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that altered surfactant lipids may influence bacterial behavior in addition to reflecting lung damage. Instead, they may actively signal to P. aeruginosa, triggering its QS system earlier than expected. This early activation promotes virulence, biofilm persistence, and long-term infection. This review highlights how host lung lipids interact with bacterial communication networks and discuss how targeting QS using surfactant-inspired molecules may offer new therapeutic strategies. Understanding this host-pathogen interaction could lead to innovative anti virulence treatments that weaken the bacteria without directly killing them, potentially reducing antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13550369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly-synthesized chitosan-zinc oxide-selenium nanocomposites: characterization and insecticidal activity.","authors":"Tharwat A Selim, Medhat E Owda, Mohamed A M El-Tabakh, Salem S Salem","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02068-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02068-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, the chitosan-zinc oxide-selenium nanocomposites (Ch-ZnO-Se NCs) were prepared in an affordable and eco-friendly way. Throughout the synthesis stage, chitosan served as reducing and stabilising agent. Different analytical techniques were employed to characterize the resulting nanocomposites. The findings demonstrated that irregular spherical-nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 73.95 nm were the predominant feature of the generated Ch-ZnO-Se NCs. The present study demonstrates that the mosquito vector Culex pipiens exhibit larvicidal and adulticidal effects upon exposure to the generated Ch-ZnO-Se NCs. The 23.308, 57.167 μg/ml and 30.632, 52.063 μg/ml were the recorded LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values, respectively. Adult mortality reached 97.33% at the same dose, whereas the maximum larval mortality reached 100% at 60 μg/ml. As applied doses rose, the glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme increased but the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme declined. Molecular docking studies were conducted on concentrations of Ch-ZnO-Se NCs against acetylcholinesterase (AChE, PDB: 5x61) and glutathione S-transferase (GST, PDB: 1pn9) using MOE 2015. Concentrations (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 μg/ml) of Ch-ZnO-Se NCs exhibited stronger binding affinities than the controls, with 40 μg/ml showing the highest interaction (- 8.4233 kcal/mol) for AChE and 30 μg/ml (- 6.6624 kcal/mol) for GST. The results align with in-vitro assays, suggesting these compounds as potential inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13272724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The gut-liver axis: exploring microbial dysbiosis and specific biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Yun Feng, Yuhang Zhou, Yue Wang, Yiwen Wang, Xiaolin Liu, Tao Sun, Junnan Xu","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02082-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-026-02082-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatocellular carcinoma represents a major global health challenge, with its link to the commensal microbiota being clearly established. However, developing reproducible microbial biomarkers for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis across diverse populations remains challenging. We conducted an integrative analysis of 13 studies, examining 16S rRNA sequencing data from 607 fecal samples and 263 liver tissue samples. Data processing utilized VSEARCH, QIIME, and R packages (vegan, phyloseq, cooccur, random forest), with PICRUSt for functional prediction. Alpha diversity analysis revealed significant differences in liver microbiota but not in gut microbiota between hepatocellular carcinoma patients and non-cancer individuals. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size identified Blautia and Streptococcus as biomarker shared across the gut and liver micro-niches. Based on the internal data, the models constructed using gut and liver microbiome characteristics demonstrated high discriminative ability (gut model AUC = 0.8064; liver model AUC = 0.9645). Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a potential association between Streptococcus and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. KEGG enrichment analysis further indicated marked functional differences in microbiota, primarily linked to metabolic irregularities, between cancer patients and controls. Therefore, this study reveals unique gut-liver microbial community features in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, identifies potential cross-site diagnostic biomarkers, and constructs gut and liver predictive model with good performance, providing preliminary evidence for the application of microbial biomarkers in the early diagnosis and screening of hepatocellular carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13490035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148238525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the effect of moringa supplemented diet on goat gastrointestinal microbiota and metabolic potential.","authors":"Tejas M Shah, Ramesh Pandit, Minal Bhure, Chitra Nehra, Priyank Chavda, Niteen V Patil, Ashutosh K Patel, Subhash Kachhawaha, Ram N Kumawat, Vaibhav Bhatt, Madhvi Joshi, Chaitanya Joshi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-026-02079-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-026-02079-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Goat is an important livestock species that contribute significantly to global food supply by converting complex plant biomass into animal protein, depending on the gut commensal microbiota for digestion of complex plant biomass. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome manipulation using natural plant-based feed supplement is one of the promising strategies for improving livestock performance and mitigating enteric biogases. Moringa oleifera improves animal performance, yet its effects on microbiota structure and functional remodelling across GIT remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the impact of moringa supplementation on microbiota structure and functional remodelling across the gut in goats. We show that moringa induces microbiota restructuring associated with metabolic output in terms of body weight gain in goat. The forestomach (FS) and large intestine (LI) showed specific enrichment of efficient fibre utilizing and fermentative microbial community, particularly Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Sodaliphilus sp., Prevotella sp., Treponema bryantii, Faecousia sp., and Phocaeicola sp., whereas small intestine exhibited greater abundance of lactate producing microbes such as Rombustia hominis. These spatial patterns reflect alternative metabolic pathways across the GIT driven by nutrient availability. Moringa supplementation selectively enriched microbial genes involved in the metabolic cascades such as production of butyrate and propionate via succinate pathway in FS, while reductive acetogenesis via Wood-Ljungdahl pathway in LI. Decreased abundance of Entodinium and increased abundance of Prevotella were observed in moringa supplemented diet. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into how diet modulates gut microbial ecosystems, demonstrating that a plant-based feed supplement intervention can restructure microbial composition and functional potential along the GIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}