AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Effect of UV-C radiation on chemical profile and pharmaceutical application in vitro of Aloe vera oil.","authors":"Sulaiman A Alsalamah, Mohammed Ibrahim Alghonaim, Tarek M Abdelghany, Mutasem S Almehayawi, Samy Selim, Mohanned T Alharbi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01884-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01884-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uncontrolled exposure to ultra violet (UV) radiation have many adverse impacts on human health. UV could be divided into three main classes according to wave length range where UV-C (200-280) is one of these classes. Aloe vera oil is a common product in markets with many cosmetic and medicinal applications. The purpose of this investigation is to expose the oil to UV-C at a dose of 17.0 mJ/cm² (254 nm) for 0, 30, and 60 min to examine the impact of change of exposure periods on the alteration in chemical composition of Aloe vera oil as well as its various biological activities. GC-MS examination of various oil forms reveled the proportional elevation in the number of compounds in the oil with increasing time of exposure to UV-C where linoleic acid ethyl ester and ethyl oleate were the most common compounds in oil forms with emergence of trace molecules and their derivatives from various chemical classes especially in the exposed oil to radiation especially after 60 min. The antimicrobial action towards Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella typhi) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) reflecting the successive to boost the activity versus examined microbes except for A. niger with inhibition zones ranged from 16 ± 1 to 24 ± 1mm, 18 ± 1 to 25 ± 1mm, and 22 ± 1 to 26 ± 1 mm using unexposed A. vera oil, exposed A. vera oil to UV for 30, and 60 min, respectively against tested microorganisms. Moreover, exposure to radiation at various time points resulted in substantial reduction of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) as well as minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) for the applied oil forms. For instance the MIC values were 62.5 ± 0.1, 31.25 ± 0.1, and 15.62 ± 0.1 µg/ml for S. aureus, 125 ± 0.2, 62.5 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.2 µg/ml for B. subtilis, moreover MBC values were 125 ± 0.1, 125 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.3 µg/ml for S. aureus, 250 ± 0.3, 125 ± 0.2, and 31.25 ± 0.3 µg/ml for B. subtilis using unexposed A. vera oil, exposed A. vera oil to UV for 30, and 60 min, respectively. There is a notable improvement of anti-biofilm action of examined oil especially upon using 25% of MBC. Furthermore, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and wound healing capabilities of the tested oils dramatically raised with increase time of exposure. Future studies are required to detect the maximal beneficial gain upon exposure to various natural oils UV-C.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144172232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Silver/Zinc@Lignin nanoparticles using peanut shells: photocatalytic and biological activity.","authors":"Mahshid Shafiee, Zahra Sabouri, Asma Mostafapour, Majid Darroudi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01892-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01892-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, zinc and silver-doped lignin nanoparticles (Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles) were synthesized in two steps using peanut outer shells. The optical properties of NPs were analyzed through UV-Vis and PL measurements, while X-ray analysis approved their crystal structure. The surface characteristics and chemical composition of NPs were identified using FTIR analysis. TEM images of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles showed spherical morphology with an average size of about 22.71 nm. The antibacterial activity of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles was assessed against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the results exhibited strong antibacterial properties against the pathogenic strain compared to the standard. The MTT test results indicated that Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles were more sensitive against cancer cells (Huh-7) in comparison with normal cells (L929), and IC₅₀ values were reported as 122.9 and 389 µg/mL in order. Also, photocatalytic effects displayed the high ability of Ag/Zn@Lignin nanoparticles to degrade organic pigments such as Rhodamine B (98.8%, RhB) and Methylene blue (98.8%, MB) under UV light.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the benefits of seed oils: a comprehensive study on their role in functional foods.","authors":"Marwa A Kamel, Amira A Gamal, Sayeda A Abdelhamid, Marwa M El-Said, Tamer M El-Messery, Hamdy A Zahran","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01875-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01875-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been a growing interest in functional foods in recent years to improve health and boost immunity, particularly since the COVID-19 pandemic, which reflects their significant role in promoting health and preventing various diseases, especially metabolic disorders. This study investigated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticoagulant, and prebiotic activities of six different oils: Calotropis procera oil (CPO), Chia seed oil (CSO), Moringa oil (MO), Neem oil (NO), Black seed oil (BSO), and Wheat germ oil (WGO) and their potential applications in health and nutrition. The DPPH and ABTS assays were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of these oils. A good diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) method were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi of human interest. Also, the prebiotic activities of oils were tested on three probiotic strains of Lactobacillus to evaluate their role in promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria against the pathogenic E. coli. Furthermore, the haematological effect of these oils was investigated in vitro through measuring their anticoagulant, and Fibrinolytic activity. The results demonstrated that DPPH assay revealed that CPO and WGO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 15.2 µg/mL and 18.7 µg/mL, respectively, while BSO showed the least activity with an IC50 of 45.3 µg/mL. Antimicrobial activity, assessed using inhibition zone diameters, showed that CPO had the strongest effect against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of 22 mm, followed by CSO at 19 mm. In terms of anticoagulant activity, CSO demonstrated the most potent fibrinolytic effect with a clot lysis percentage of 78%, while MO exhibited weaker activity at 35%. Prebiotic testing revealed that individual oils had limited effects on Lactobacillus growth, but a synergistic blend enhanced growth by 25% compared to controls. Overall, this study highlights the diverse health benefits of these oils and their potential as functional food ingredients that could contribute to improved health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced production and purification of L-asparaginase from Bacillus paralicheniformis AUMC B-516 with potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cell lines.","authors":"Abdullah Abobakr Saleh, Hamdy M El-Aref, Azza M Ezzeldin, Rania M Ewida, Osama A M Al-Bedak","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01890-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01890-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>L-asparaginase is an important enzyme used in the pharmaceutical and food industries. Nowadays, bacterial species represent the main source of microbial synthesis for L-asparaginase. But studies aimed at improving production yields and new methods that use various microbes to expand the scope of application for the generated enzyme are also necessary for industrial manufacturing. This study focused on the isolation of Bacillus paralicheniformis AUMC B-516 and the optimization of L-asparaginase production under submerged fermentation. The enzyme was purified and characterized, followed by an evaluation of its cytotoxic effects against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The results revealed potent anticancer activity, highlighting the potential application of the purified enzyme in cancer therapeutics. Bacillus paralicheniformis AUMC B-516 was utilized for the biosynthesis of L-asparaginase (116.4 U/mL) after 48 h in the presence of 0.2% glucose and 1.0% L-asparagine at 35 °C and pH 8.0. Two-step chromatography (DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S200 HR) achieved a 12-fold purification, resulting in an enzyme specific activity of 4087.6 U/mg. For pure L-asparaginase that contained L-asparagine, the Km and Vmax values were 6.22 × 10^-2 mM and 120.75 µmol/min, respectively. Quantitative assessment of DNA fragmentation in MCF‑7 cells treated with B. paralicheniformis B-516' pure L-asparaginase was performed (22.2 ± 1.36%) and the drug doxorubicin (23.9 ± 0.93%) were significantly greater than those in the negative control cells (8.9 ± 0.83%). MCF-7 cells treated with 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, or 31.25 µg/mL B. paralicheniformis AUMC B-516' pure L-asparaginase showed considerable cytotoxicity, with an IC₅₀ of 49.3 µg/mL. Biochemical analyses revealed significant increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, while blood glucose, other electrolyte levels, and indicators of renal function remained unchanged. These findings highlight B. paralicheniformis AUMC B-516 as a promising source of L-asparaginase for future biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12098240/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144118563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: A method for creating in-frame insertions of fluorescent proteins in non-model gram-negative bacteria.","authors":"Darshan Chandramowli, Bart Devreese","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01883-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01883-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"78"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromatographic fingerprinting and antibiofilm effect of Ziziphus jujuba fraction on Pseudomonas aeruginosa.","authors":"Mohamed Turkey, Jilan A Nazeam","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01886-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01886-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents a critical global health threat, particularly affecting immunocompromised individuals, as well as patients with wounds and burn injuries. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa strains has significantly reduced the efficacy of conventional antimicrobial therapies, underscoring the urgent need for new, effective therapeutic alternatives. Plant-derived secondary metabolites have emerged as promising candidates due to their diverse bioactivities and favorable safety profiles. This study investigated the antimicrobial and anti-virulence potential of purified aqueous fractions of Ziziphus jujuba (ZJ) seeds against MDR P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM fingerprinting identified 33 compounds, including five predominant phenolics: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, and ferulic acid. One hundred clinical isolates were evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity and biofilm-forming ability. The ZJ fraction exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.56 mg/ml and significantly inhibited biofilm formation by approximately 70%. Additionally, quantitative real-time PCR showed a marked downregulation the key quorum-sensing genes lasI (45%), rhlI (42%), and rhlR (34%) (p ≤ 0.05). These findings reveal, for the first time, that the aqueous fraction of Z. jujuba seeds not only inhibits bacterial proliferation, but also attenuates biofilm formation and virulence gene expression in MDR-P. aeruginosa. These results highlight the potential of ZJ fraction as a promising plant-based antimicrobial agent. Further in vivo investigations and mechanistic studies are warranted to validate its clinical applicability and therapeutic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095717/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between APOEε4 allele and gut microbiota composition and function in healthy adults.","authors":"C Bressa, R González-Soltero, M Tabone, S Clemente-Velasco, B G Gálvez, M Larrosa","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01888-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01888-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The APOE ε4 allele (APOE4) is a known risk factor for neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, but its link to body composition and metabolism remains debated. The gut microbiota influences host metabolism and immunity, yet its relationship with APOE genotype in healthy individuals is not well understood. The objective of this work was to examine associations between APOE genotype and gut microbiota composition and function in healthy adults, focusing on microbial and metabolic differences related to the APOE4 allele. Seventy-seven healthy Spanish adults were genotyped for APOE. Fecal microbiota profiles were assessed by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and predicted functions were inferred using PICRUSt2. Body composition (DEXA) and physical activity (accelerometry) were also measured. APOE4 carriers exhibited subtle shifts in microbiota composition, including a five-fold reduction in Megamonas and lower abundance of the Eubacterium brachy group-both linked to energy harvest and adiposity-compared to APOE3 homozygotes. An uncharacterized Puniceicoccaceae genus was enriched in APOE4 carriers. Although E. brachy group abundance correlated with adiposity, no significant differences in body composition were observed. Functional predictions showed APOE4-associated microbiota enriched in pathways for carotenoid biosynthesis and trehalose metabolism, and depleted in tryptophan biosynthesis, propionate production, and multidrug resistance mechanisms. APOE4 carriers harbor gut microbiota with distinct taxonomic and functional features, potentially reflecting adaptations to metabolic and oxidative challenges. These findings underscore the relevance of the gut microbiome in shaping APOE4-associated phenotypes and warrant further investigation into its mechanistic contributions to health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"77"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12081816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical characterization of peanut oil and its ozonized form to explore biological activities in vitro.","authors":"Aisha M H Al-Rajhi, Tarek M Abdelghany, Samy Selim, Mohammed S Almuhayawi, Mohammed H Alruhaili, Mohanned T Alharbi, Soad K Al Jaouni","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01849-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01849-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a perennial leguminous crop grown worldwide. This study aims to investigate the chemical composition and pharmaceutical applications of peanut oil using experimental methods for both crude peanut oil and its ozonized form. The peanut oil was exposed to ozone for five hours at flow rates ranging from 0 to 7 L/min to complete the ozonization process. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical composition of peanut oil. The antimicrobial activity of the two oil forms was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. The protein denaturation assay was used to assess anti-inflammatory properties, while the DPPH assay was employed to evaluate antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity was tested using normal human fibroblast cells (WI-38) and colon cancer cells. The results revealed that exposure to ozone altered the chemical composition of the oil, increasing the number of identifiable molecules from 10 in the crude oil to 29 in the ozonized form. A significant enhancement in the antimicrobial activity of the crude oil was observed after ozonization. Moreover, ozonization notably increased the oil's antioxidant capacity with IC₅₀ 13.06 ± 0.6 µg/mL, while crude oil provide IC₅₀ 23.37 ± 0.3 µg/mL compared to IC₅₀ standard ascorbic acid (3.08 ± 0.4 µg/mL) as well as its anticancer (IC₅₀ was 7.31 ± 0.21 and 15.09 ± 0.37 µg/mL against colon carcinoma cells, IC₅₀ was 29.49 ± 2.03 and 24.68 ± 1.44 µg/mL against lung fibroblast normal cells employing crude oil and ozonized oil, respectively) anti-inflammatory potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"76"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12078917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic engineering of Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius for thermophilic production of 1-butanol.","authors":"Pablo Doménech, Ivan Pogrebnyakov, Sheila Ingemann Jensen, Jasper L S P Driessen, Anders Riisager, Alex Toftgaard Nielsen","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01879-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01879-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>1-Butanol is a promising compound for the ongoing green transition due to its potential both as a fuel and as a platform chemical, serving as a common intermediate for the bulk production of other valuable products. In this study, the thermophilic bacterium Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM 2542 was engineered to produce 1-butanol by introducing a butanol-producing pathway with thermostable enzyme variations derived from various thermophilic microorganisms. To achieve successful metabolic engineering, the relevant genes were inserted into two different chromosomal locations, employing both constitutive and inducible promoter systems. The resulting strains exhibited varying 1-butanol production depending on the promoter system used for the first half of the genes, with titres reaching up to 0.4 g/L when working under oxygen-limiting conditions. This serves as a foundation for further metabolic optimization to utilize the strain under industrial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular identification, antibiotic susceptibility, and biofilm formation of airborne bacteria.","authors":"Malik Asif Hussain, Mubashir Zafar, Yusuf Saleem Khan, Kamaleldin B Said, Sadaf Anwar, Mohd Saeed, Mohammad A Abdulhakeem, Mejdi Snoussi, Mohd Adnan Kausar","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01861-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-025-01861-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathogenic bacterial communities present in urban green spaces significantly affect human health, particularly for immunocompromised populations. The diverse range of pathogenic bacteria found in these areas poses substantial management challenges because of their high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, which can be life-threatening, particularly for immunocompromised individuals, including older adults and children. This study identified airborne bacterial species from 14 natural parks in the Hail region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bacterial colonies isolated on blood agar plates were purified and characterised based on their morphological traits and their ability to secrete various virulence factors. A total of 28 distinct airborne bacterial species were isolated and purified. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed high resistance to fosfomycin (41.17%), ampicillin (17.64%), tetracycline (17.64%), and gentamicin (11.76%). Biofilm formation was evaluated qualitatively by slime production and quantitatively by crystal violet technique. The results revealed that 41.17% of the tested strains were non biofilm producers on polystyrene surfaces, 17.64% were weak biofilm formers, and 23.52% exhibited moderate biofilm formation. Notably, six strains exhibited strong biofilm-forming capabilities. Additionally, two bacteria from the Arthrobacter genus (A. crystallopoietes and A. saudimassiliensis) were identified. These findings provide valuable insights into the microbial composition of natural parks in the Hail region and highlight effective management strategies to mitigate health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12064487/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}