AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Gut microbiota, plasma metabolites, and venous thromboembolism: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Peng-Fei Cheng, Jin-Xi Wang, Ju-Shan Wu, Guang-Ming Li","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01903-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01903-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging evidence links gut microbiota (GM) to venous thromboembolism (VTE), deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE), but causal insights are limited. Using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR), we assessed causal effects of 211 GM taxa and 489 plasma metabolites on VTE/DVT/PE. Genetic instruments (single nucleotide polymorphism) for GM and metabolites were leveraged to infer causality, complemented by mediation and pathway analyses. Sixteen GM taxa (e.g., protective Firmicutes, Clostridia; risk-enhancing Bacteroidetes, Desulfovibrionaceae) and 40 metabolites showed causal associations with VTE/DVT/PE. Reverse MR identified 11 GM changes secondary to thrombosis. No pleiotropy or heterogeneity was detected. Ten metabolite-mediated pathways (e.g., arginine biosynthesis) bridged GM to thrombosis, suggesting GM-metabolite interactions as potential biomarkers for thrombotic risk stratification and prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus johnsonii HL79 mitigate plateau environment-induced hippocampal dysfunction in mice.","authors":"Baoxing Gan, Xufei Zhang, Jinge Xin, Lixiao Duan, Ning Sun, Yu Chen, Junqi Zeng, Yueying Lian, Hao Li, Hesong Wang, Xueqin Ni, Hailin Ma","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01898-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01898-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plateau environment represents a common terrestrial characterized by multistress conditions including hypobaric hypoxia, low temperature, and intense radiation, yet sustain over 100 million permanent or transient inhabitants. While this extreme environment exerts profound impacts on cerebral architecture and gut microbiota homeostasis, precipitating cognitive deficits and microbiome-derived intestinal pathologies, the mechanistic interplay between plateau environment adaptation and microbial dynamics remains contentious. Here, we employ a microbiota-gut-brain axis framework to investigate whether probiotic intervention can ameliorate hippocampal impairments induced by simulated plateau environment exposure (3500-4000 m) in mice. Through simulated plateau environment exposure experiments, we revealed that extreme high-altitude conditions induced hippocampal memory dysfunction in mice, exacerbated oxidative stress damage in hippocampal tissues, and altered synaptic plasticity-related biomarkers including CREB transcription factor, BDNF protein levels, and electrophysiological power spectra. Administration of HL79 alleviated these burdens, including memory dysfunction and tissue damage, though complete reversal was not achieved. Combined hippocampal transcriptomic analyses suggested that HL79's beneficial effects primarily involved modulation of lipid-related gene expression in the hippocampus, consistent with prior reports of plateau environmental impacts on gene expression. Serum metabolomic results further reinforced this inference that differential metabolites regulated by HL79 are mainly enriched in bile secretion, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways, though the precise regulatory mechanisms require further elucidation. This research provides a novel microbiota-gut-brain axis-based regulatory strategy for adaptation to extreme plateau environments and offers new evidence for understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and plateau environment adaptation at high elevations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12179028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticancer, antimicrobial and molecular docking analysis of newly synthesized iodoquinazoline derivatives.","authors":"Khaled M Aboshanab, Amr S Bishr, Siti Azma Jusoh, Mohammad Y Alshahrani, Khondaker Miraz Rahman, Ahmed M Alafeefy","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01899-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01899-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 4-anilinoquinazoline sulfonamide derivatives in medicinal chemistry are well-known antitumor backbones via different mechanisms. Herein, we reported the synthesis of five new 2,4-disubstituted-6-iodoquinazoline derivatives coded compounds 3a-e. The respective compounds were examined for their antiproliferative, antimicrobial, and carbonic anhydrase XII (CAXII) inhibitory activity against four cancerous cell lines. Compound 3c was proven to be the most effective as an anticancer. It stopped the growth of the four used tumor cell lines at concentrations ranging from 4.0 to 8.0 µM as compared to the reference doxorubicin (2.3-3.25 µM). Compound 3b, was able to stop the proliferation of the tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ between 6.0 and 9.0 µM. The five compounds exhibited both broad-spectrum and antifungal action; however, their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria were superior to those of Gram-negative. Compound 3c showed the strongest antibacterial and antifungal activities, followed by compound 3b. In conclusion, the 4-substituted-anilino derivatives equipped with sulfonamide at position 4 of the quinazoline nucleus are suitable antitumor lead compounds. Moreover, the 4-methoxyphenyl substituent at position-2 has a better impact on activity than unsubstituted or even other substituents. The lab results are aligned with molecular docking analysis of the respective compounds against the potential targets, including CAXII, human thymidylate synthase (hTS), and human thymidine kinase (hTK), for the anticancer activities and DHFR of E. coli and S. aureus for the antibacterial properties. Compounds 3c and 3b are highly recommended for preclinical and clinical evaluation as anticancer and/or antibacterial agents for potential use in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"95"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered Prx-LCA2 fusion protein restores oxidative skin damage via enhanced intracellular peroxidase delivery.","authors":"Di Liu, Yafen Zhan, Jiaqi Qu, Hongping Qiao, Na Li, Yeli Zhang, Xiaoying Wu","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01906-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01906-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a novel antioxidant fusion protein Prx-LCA2 by conjugating peroxidase Prx with the LCA2 carrier derived from Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, aiming to achieve efficient intracellular delivery for oxidative damage remediation. The fusion protein Prx-LCA2 was successfully expressed in E. coli and purified. Fluorescence labeling demonstrated efficient cellular internalization of the fusion protein. In vitro, H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in A431 cells was alleviated by Prx-LCA2 treatment, as evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced ROS levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreased levels of MDA and PCG. In vivo, H₂O₂-induced skin oxidative damage in mice was significantly ameliorated by Prx-LCA2 treatment, including improvement in antioxidant enzyme activities and reduction in oxidative damage markers (MDA, PCG and 8-OHdG). Additionally, Prx-LCA2 increased HYP content in the skin, indicating improved collagen integrity. Histological analysis of mouse skin further confirmed the therapeutic efficacy of Prx-LCA2. The enterotoxin-derived carrier system exhibited excellent biosafety profile with no observed cytotoxicity or skin irritation. This microbial-based protein engineering strategy provides a promising platform for transdermal delivery of antioxidant therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and optimization of polyglutamic acid from Bacillus licheniformis: effect of low levels of gamma radiation.","authors":"Riham M Youssef, Reham Samir, Ola M Gomaa, Hala N ElHifnawi, Mohamed A Ramadan","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01897-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01897-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyglutamic acid (PGA), has several beneficial characteristics and advantageous uses. The microbial biopolymer is released from a variety of organisms, particularly Bacillus species. Soil samples from various sectors of Egypt were gathered and evaluated for the production of PGA. According to the current study results, isolate (L) was the most powerful producer and was identified by 16S rRNA as Bacillus licheniformis. A multi-factorial Plackett-Burman layout was used to optimize PGA bacterial synthesis. Mass spectrometry, thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and amino acid analysis were employed to characterize the product. It was also investigated how the produced polymer was affected by low gamma irradiation doses. In comparison to Bacillus subtilis (ATCC6633), Bacillus licheniformis showed an over 33% inclination in PGA yield under optimal conditions. FTIR spectra demonstrated that PGA functional groups were successfully unchanged after exposure to low levels of gamma radiation similar to the doses given to cancer patients under radiotherapy. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) showed 2 phase weight loss for gamma irradiated PGA, emphasizing that the polymer showed thermal stability after exposure to gamma radiation. These results were confirmed by Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Finally, the isolated Bacillus licheniformis strain can be considered as a prospective source of PGA for future industrial and medicinal uses. Additionally, this could be a promising result for the use of PGA as a drug carrier for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144324171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization reveals causal link between genetic blood metabolites and tuberculosis.","authors":"Zhenyu Shi, Chenyi Zhao, Xiaowen Yu, Dingding Zhao, Yongqiang Li","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01901-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01901-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) seriously poses a great threat to health. An array of metabolites generated by metabolic pathways are essential for Mtb pathophysiology. However, a specific causal relationship between TB and human metabolites remains indistinct. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between 1400 metabolites and TB by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In this study, a total of 1400 metabolites were utilized as exposure factors, while TB-related data served as the outcomes. And TwoSampleMR package and R software were adopted to perform this MR analysis. Various regression fitting methods were employed to conduct MR analysis, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. In addition, potential biases arising from linkage disequilibrium and weak instrumental variables were considered. Metabolites that failed to meet the criteria in both the heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests were considered to have no substantial causal influence on the results, ensuring the robustness and reliability of our analysis. IVW analysis showed that six human metabolites exhibited a significant causal influence (P < 0.05) on TB. Among them, dodecanedioate, myristoleate (14:1n5), and 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-arachidonoyl-GPE(p-16:0/20:4) demonstrated a strong causally positive effect on TB, indicating that with the increase of these metabolites, TB progressed robustly. Glycerol 3-phosphate, sphingomyelin (d18:1/20:2, d18:2/20:1, and d16:1/22:2), and 2-methylserine were significantly negatively associated with TB, an increase in these metabolites inhibited TB progression. This is the first time to reveal the causal effects of human metabolites on TB through MR, and the metabolites may be potential biomarkers candidate for TB diagnosis, and monitoring these metabolites might have great clinic significance for TB diagnosis and treatment in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"92"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12167190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144293167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the trimethylamine-degrading genes in the human gut microbiome.","authors":"Yi-Ran Chen, Li-Dan Chen, Lin-Jie Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01902-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01902-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trimethylamine (TMA), produced by gut microbes, is a precursor to a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Currently, TMA-degrading bacteria in the human gut have rarely been studied. This study combined TMA-enriched cultures (from 104 young male stool samples) with metagenomic profiling to identify key microbial players of TMA degradation. The results showed that the contribution of Enterococcus to methane metabolism was significantly higher in TMA-enriched culture samples. The 68.58% up-regulation of dmd-tmd (dimethylamine/trimethylamine dehydrogenase) in the TMA-enriched group indicated that the anaerobic dehydrogenase pathway participated in TMA metabolism. Notably, we first identified that taxa containing dmd-tmd belonged to Christensenella timonensis. The up-regulation of genes involved in methanogenesis (M00563) as well as the significant enrichment of M00563 (Reporter Score = 2.223) indicated that the methanogenesis pathway may play a role. We constructed gene databases for genes involved in the anaerobic dehydrogenase pathway (1526 sequences for dmd-tmd, 1319 sequences for mauA, and 326 sequences for mauB, respectively) and the aerobic oxidation pathway (2146 sequences for tmm, 1445 sequences for tdm, and 1519 sequences for dmm, respectively) based on genomes from the Integrated Microbial Genome (IMG) database, most of which belong to Pseudomonadota. Screening gut metagenomes with these databases revealed low sequence identity (< 70%), possibly because of the underrepresentation of gut-specific genomes from IMG. This study links Christensenella timonensis to TMA degradation, providing potential targets for microbiota modulation and a gene-centric framework to advance the characterization of gut microbial TMA metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12162431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory potential of Toxoplasma gondii lysate in C57BL/6 mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.","authors":"Maryam Hajizadeh, Seyedmousa Motavallihaghi, Elham Badakhsh, Tohid Kazemi, Abdol Sattar Pagheh, Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi, Ehsan Ahmadpour","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01900-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01900-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination within the central nervous system. Immunotherapy is an essential part of managing MS symptoms and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of Toxoplasma gondii lysate antigens (TLA) in a C57BL/6 mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Eighteen mice were randomly assigned into three groups: healthy controls, EAE-induced mice, and EAE-induced mice treated with TLA. Clinical scores were recorded daily for all mice. To assess immune responses, mRNA and protein expression levels in isolated splenocytes were measured using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively. In addition, histological analyses were performed to evaluate inflammation and demyelination across the experimental groups. TLA-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced clinical scores and demyelination compared to the untreated EAE group. The treatment also decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in CNS tissues. At the molecular level, TLA modulated cytokine expression by downregulating pro-inflammatory markers (IFN-γ, IL-17, RORγT) and upregulating anti-inflammatory and regulatory markers (IL-4, GATA3, FOXP3, TGF-β, TNF-α). TLA treatment demonstrated immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in EAE mice, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent in MS. These findings support further exploration of parasitic antigens in the context of autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ochratoxin A reduction in wine fermentation: evaluating the potential of Lachancea thermotolerans.","authors":"Javier Vicente, Daniel Vidal, Wendu Tesfaye, Fernando Calderón, Fernando García, Santiago Benito","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01896-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01896-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin commonly found in wine, primarily produced by fungal species from the Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. Due to its nephrotoxic, neurotoxic, immunotoxic, and carcinogenic properties, ochratoxin A contamination in wine is a significant concern for public health. This study investigates the potential of Lachancea thermotolerans in reducing ochratoxin A levels during wine fermentation, evaluating its fermentative performance and impact on key enological parameters. Fermentation trials with 32 L. thermotolerans strains demonstrated considerable variability in fermentation kinetics, ethanol production, and sugar consumption. The yeast exhibited strain-dependent variability in the production of organic acids, including succinic and lactic acid, leading to significant differences in total acidity and pH. Additionally, L. thermotolerans produced glycerol levels comparable to or exceeding those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ability of L. thermotolerans to reduce ochratoxin A was highly strain-dependent, with reductions ranging widely. The most effective strains achieved ochratoxin A reductions exceeding those previously reported for S. cerevisiae. However, an inverse correlation was observed between ochratoxin A reduction and polyphenol retention, suggesting that strains with high ochratoxin A adsorption may also bind anthocyanins and polyphenols, affecting wine color and structure. These findings highlight L. thermotolerans as a promising non-Saccharomyces yeast for mitigating ochratoxin A contamination in wine while contributing positively to acidity modulation and sensory attributes. The study underscores the importance of strain selection to balance ochratoxin A detoxification with desirable enological properties, particularly in regions where contamination poses a significant challenge to wine safety and quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158886/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of avocado anthracnose by carposphere-associated Kosakonia cowanii VG1 for agricultural applications.","authors":"Marco V Gallardo-Camarena, Frédérique Reverchon, Alfonso Méndez-Bravo, Mario A Torres-Acosta, Cuauhtémoc Licona-Cassani","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01894-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01894-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avocado anthracnose, a devastating fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum, represents the most significant postharvest challenge for avocado production. This study evaluates the biocontrol potential of bacterial strains isolated from different niches within the avocado ecosystem, including fruits, roots, trunks and nectar. Among these isolates, the bacterium Kosakonia cowanii VG1, isolated from avocado carposphere, demonstrated the highest in vitro antagonistic activity, inhibiting mycelial growth and spore germination of both Colletrotrichum species by 70% and 65%, respectively. In vivo experiments with K. cowanii VG1 reduced disease severity by 60% in avocado fruits compared to untreated controls. Genomic analysis of K. cowanii VG1 revealed the absence of virulence factors, ensuring safety for human health. Additionally, fermentation analysis demonstrated that K. cowanii VG1 can be efficiently cultured at large scales. Additionally, a techno-economic evaluation showed that its production costs are competitive, ranging from $0.08-$0.15 per dose. These findings highlight the potential of K. cowanii VG1 as a promising, safe, and cost-effective biocontrol agent for managing avocado anthracnose, offering a sustainable alternative to synthetic fungicides.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}