AMB Express最新文献

{"title":"Heterologous expression of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase in Aspergillus niger: stress resistance, optimization of fermentation conditions, and transcriptomic analysis.","authors":"Xiaoyan Shang, Rong Tang, Nanyu Han, Zunxi Huang, Le Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-02007-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-02007-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aspergillus niger serves as a cell factory for efficient enzyme production. The lipase derived from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) is known for its remarkable thermal stability and is extensively utilized in various industrial fields. In this study, a heterologous expression strain, ΔAnTll-11, of TLL was successfully constructed in A. niger. Through fermentation optimization, the lipase activity was enhanced 8.7-fold to 4547.95 U/mL, compared with the initial value of 520 U/mL. Enzymatic characterization indicated that the recombinant lipase exhibited optimum activity at pH 9.5 and 45 °C, and its activity was positively influenced by Ca²⁺, Ag⁺, Mg²⁺, and Cu²⁺. The ΔAnTll-11 strain exhibited enhanced tolerance to high osmolarity, oxidative stress, and thermal shock. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis of the ΔAnTll-11 strain revealed that half of the total annotated genes (7199 genes) were differentially expressed genes (DEGs). According to protein‒protein interaction network and weighted gene coexpression network analyses, genes involved in ribosome function, amino acid metabolism, glycosylation, energy metabolism, and the MAPK signalling pathway may affect the expression of lipase. The transcriptomic findings elucidated the regulatory mechanisms by which A. niger expresses foreign proteins and enzymes, establishing a groundwork for further enhancing A. niger as a cell factory for efficient enzyme and protein production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12873016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145931758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced immunogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus IsdE vaccine with SeNPs and BCG adjuvants in mice.","authors":"Fatemeh Khosravani Pour, Setareh Haghighat, Mohammad Hossein Yazdi, Seyed Mehdi Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-02001-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-02001-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance, emphasizing the urgent need for an effective vaccine. The IsdE protein, a heme-iron transporter, has been identified as a promising antigen target. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant IsdE (r-IsdE) formulated with the MF59 adjuvant and co-adjuvanted with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) and synthetic SeNPs (SeNPs) in BALB/c mice. Mice were immunized three times at two-week intervals, and immune responses were analyzed through cytokine assays, antibody isotyping, opsonophagocytic activity, bacterial load measurement, and survival following methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) challenge. The formulation containing r-IsdE + MF59 + BCG + SeNPs induced the highest levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-4, along with elevated total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a responses. This group also demonstrated enhanced opsonophagocytic activity, markedly reduced bacterial loads in internal organs, and an 85% survival rate after infection, significantly higher than other experimental groups. These findings demonstrate that the combination of MF59, BCG, and SeNPs as adjuvants markedly enhances the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the r-IsdE vaccine candidate, suggesting its potential as a promising strategy against S. aureus infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12864605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Lan-Xin Tang, Zheng-Feng Yang, Yun-Shu Yang, Lin-Hua Li, Dorji Phurbu, Yan-Yan Zheng, Jun-Yao Zhu, Dan Zhu, Zhi-Hua Lv, Kai-Qing Xie, Wei Hu, Yi-Rui Yin","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-02000-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-02000-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uricase, a key enzyme in purine metabolism, is widely used for uric acid detection and for treating gout and hyperuricemia. To obtain a uricase with both high activity and thermal stability, we cloned and heterologously expressed a novel uricase gene (tc1-uox2) from the Tengchong hot spring metagenome and combined enzymatic characterization with molecular dynamics simulations. TC1-Uox2 exhibited optimal catalytic activity at 35 °C and pH 8.0. It showed remarkable thermal stability, retaining over 40% residual activity after 16 h at 40 °C and maintaining over 80% activity for 14 h at physiological temperature (37 °C). In vitro uric acid–lowering assays demonstrated that 1 µg/mL TC1-Uox2 reduced serum uric acid to below 360 µM within 20 min in whole-blood samples from six hyperuricemic patients. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations with rasburicase indicated that, based on RMSF, radius of gyration (Rg), and hydrogen-bond counts, TC1-Uox2 adopts a more compact overall structure. Free energy landscape (FEL) analysis further revealed that TC1-Uox2 occupies deeper and narrower energy basins, consistent with greater conformational rigidity and thermodynamic stability. These findings elucidate the structural basis of its enhanced thermostability. In summary, TC1-Uox2 is a high-activity, high-stability uricase candidate that represents a promising enzyme target for biotherapeutic intervention in hyperuricemia and illustrates the translational potential of extreme-environment metagenomics for metabolic disease applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12864650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Curcumin-Zinc complex on inflammatory damage of IPEC-J2 cells induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.","authors":"Xiaopeng Tang, Yan Zeng, Meijun Li","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-02006-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-02006-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the potential mitigative effects of the Curcumin-Zinc Complex (Cur-Zn) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory damage in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). IPEC-J2 cells were initially assigned to one of six treatment groups for 24 h (N = 6): the control group (0 µM Cur-Zn and 0 µg.mL− 1 LPS), the LPS group (0 µM Cur-Zn and 1 µg.mL− 1 LPS), and four cotreatment groups receiving varying concentrations of Cur-Zn (5, 10, 20, and 40 µM, respectively) combined with a constant LPS concentration (1 µg.mL− 1). Cell viability, apoptosis rate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level were detected. The results showed that 20 µM or 40 µM Cur-Zn significantly increased cell viability and significantly decreased apoptosis rate and LDH release in IPEC-J2 cells challenged with LPS, so 20 µM Cur-Zn was adopted for the mechanistic assays. Then, IPEC-J2 cells were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups for 24 h (N = 6): the control group (CON; 0 µM Cur-Zn and 0 µg.mL− 1 LPS), the LPS group (LPS; 0 µM Cur-Zn and 1 µg.mL− 1 LPS), and Cur-Zn and LPS co-treated groups (Cur-Zn + LPS; 20 µM Cur-Zn and 1 µg.mL− 1 LPS). The results indicated that Cur-Zn treatment significantly increased the genes and proteins expression of zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1), Claudin-1, Occludin, and mucin 2 (MUC2), and significantly decreased the gene and protein expression of Caspase 3 in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells. Treatment of LPS-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells with Cur-Zn significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production, and decreased the genes and proteins expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, Cur-Zn increased the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-13 in LPS-challenged IPEC-J2 cells. It provides preliminary evidence that Cur-Zn may alleviate inflammatory responses by inhibiting the TLR4/ NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, Cur-Zn can mitigate the inflammatory damage induced by LPS stimulation in IPEC-J2 cells by enhancing barrier and immune functions while reducing the inflammatory response.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12868328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145896024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step detection of Chlamydia psittaci using recombinase polymerase amplification and CRISPR/Cas12b.","authors":"Jingyi Jiang, Jian Xu, Li Gong, Qiong Li, Ping Yao, Rong Wang, Jinyi Jiang, Lei Xu, Fengming Wang, Xujian Mao","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01997-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01997-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of rapid, sensitive, and user-friendly diagnostic methods for Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) is critical for early diagnosis and effective control of infections. Current techniques, such as qPCR and next-generation sequencing, face limitations in accessibility and practicality for point-of-care testing (POCT). In this study, we present the WPTTS platform (one-step recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-CRISPR/Cas12b assay using weak protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) recognition with two-temperature shifting), which leverages the temperature-dependent PAM stringency of Alicyclobacillus acidophilus Cas12b (AapCas12b) to overcome the challenges of one-step CRISPR detection. By employing weak PAM sequences and a two-temperature protocol (37 °C for amplification, 60 °C for detection), WPTTS minimizes interference between RPA amplification and CRISPR cleavage, achieving a sensitivity of 10² copies/reaction-equivalent to two-step methods-while maintaining operational simplicity. The platform also demonstrates enhanced specificity, enabling single-base resolution at critical target positions. Clinical validation with 40 samples confirmed its superior performance, with 95% positive agreement and 100% negative agreement compared to qPCR. This study highlights the potential of WPTTS as a robust, rapid, and highly sensitive tool for POCT applications in C. psittaci detection and broader infectious disease diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12864645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145891798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multicompartmental analysis of microbiome alterations under radiation stress.","authors":"Nurislam Mukhanbetzhanov, Sanzhar Zhetkenev, Elizaveta Vinogradova, Shynggys Sergazy, Zharkyn Jarmukhanov, Argul Issilbayeva, Alibek Kossumov, Aliya Kassenova, Bagdaulet Mukhametuly, Murat Kenessarin, Kassym Zhumadilov, Valeriy Stepanenko, Viktorya Bogacheva, Aleksei Petukhov, Hitoshi Sato, Satoru Endo, Nariaki Fujimoto, Masaharu Hoshi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-02002-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-02002-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radioactive compounds, including silicon dioxide (31SiO2), may enter the environment and affect biological systems, yet their impact on the gut microbiota remains poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radioactive 31SiO2, compared to non-radioactive SiO2 and gamma irradiation, on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota in laboratory Wistar rats (n = 28). Gut microbiota analysis of the large intestine, small intestine, and Peyer’s patches was conducted at 90 min and 72 h post-exposure using 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity results showed increased species richness in Peyer’s patches at 90 min after exposure to radioactive 31SiO2, with elevated Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria, a trend persisting at 72 h. In the small intestine, radioactive 31SiO2 increased Bacilli and Clostridia at 3 days, while Gammaproteobacteria considerably decreased; by 72 h, Bacilli and Clostridia maintained growth, with Gammaproteobacteria recovering. These findings demonstrate that radioactive 31SiO2 dynamically alters gut microbiota composition and diversity, highlighting its unique influence on microbial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12864630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145861306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An effective method to enhance transient gene expression by transfecting high-density CHO cells.","authors":"Yu-Shun Fu, Xue-Lian Han, Wei-Dong Li, Lin-Lin Shan, Shao-Lei Geng, Chun-Liu Mi, Wei-Hua Dong, Tian-Yun Wang, Xiao-Yin Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01999-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01999-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the predominant host for recombinant protein production. While transient gene expression (TGE) systems provide a faster, more cost-effective alternative to stable gene expression (SGE), their application is often hampered by low protein yields. Here, we optimized TGE systems based on high-density suspension transfection using 40 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI) by engineering vector regulatory elements (Kozak, polyA, introns, leader) and optimizing transfection conditions. Vector optimization led to a substantial enhancement in recombinant protein, with EGFP and SEAP levels increased by 5.33-fold and 4.13-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). By applying the optimized vector in combination with identified optimal conditions, a DNA concentration of 4 µg/mL, a DNA: PEI mass ratio of 1:5, and a repeated transfection strategy, we achieved a transfection efficiency of 76.34% while maintaining cell viability above 85%. Moreover, the combined optimization of vectors and transfection conditions robustly enhance the production of therapeutically relevant proteins, increased the expression of recombinant type III human collagen and human serum albumin by 4.86-fold and 5.50-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). In summary, high-density suspension transfection markedly boosts transient recombinant protein expression in CHO cells by improving transfection efficiency, expanding the population of recombinant cells, and maintaining high cell viability. This approach presents a promising and effective strategy for high yield transient transgene expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":"15 1","pages":"182"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12748440/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145852997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perennial ryegrass improves bone quality in geese: insights from the gut-bone axis.","authors":"Zeshan Zulfiqar, Muhammad Arslan Asif, Li Zhaoyang, Jiamin Sun, Xiaoyan Zhu, Zhichang Wang, Hao Sun, Yalei Cui, Boshuai Liu, Yinghua Shi","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01996-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01996-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone disorders are marked by leg deformities, and disruption in the gut microbiota have been associated with degradation of bone structure, which increases the susceptibility of fractures. Perennial ryegrass has antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties to improve bone health by regulating the gut microbiota. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory potential of perennial ryegrass to modulate the inflammatory bone loss in meat geese through regulating gut microbiota. Perennial ryegrass (GD) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the inflammatory response (IL-1β and TNF-α) by improving the gut barrier function. Perennial ryegrass (GD) improved tibia bone mineral density (BMD), ash% and tibia bone mineral contents (p < 0.05). Results of gut microbiota and micro-computed tomography analysis showed that the beneficial effect of GD on bone mass might be associated with higher relative abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing gut microbiota in the cecum by improving microbial diversity as compared to commercial feeding (CD). Regarding bone turnover, GD increased bone formation markers such alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OCN), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) expression by reducing the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression and bone resorption markers i.e. nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF-6). Perennial ryegrass exhibited an increase in antioxidant potential by reducing the malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production leading to increased catalase (CAT) and glutathione per oxidase (GSH-PX) levels (P < 0.05). Western blot and Immunofluorescence analysis of tibia showed reduced expression of NF-κB in GD group. These results indicate the importance of perennial ryegrass in alleviating bone loss through gut microbiota via NF-κB signaling mechanism. These findings emphasize the significance of the gut-bone axis and offer new insights into the role of perennial ryegrass in promoting bone health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12920935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145802924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing immunomagnetic separation for efficient E. coli O157:H7 recovery and detection.","authors":"Assem Abolmaaty, Abrar AbuHamdia, Dina H Amin","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01991-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01991-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunomagnetic separation is an invaluable tool in biomedical and food safety applications due to their high specificity and efficiency in capturing target cells. This study is a comprehensive investigation of the Ag-Ab reaction and the effects of several factors such as IgG concentration, incubation temperature, and incubation time on the binding efficiency of target cells to the immunomagnetic beads aiming to maximize captured E. coli O157 cells from ground beef samples. Our findings reveal a concentration-dependent relationship between IgG dilution and binding efficiency, with lower dilutions (1:100) yielding higher binding percentages. Additionally, the optimal incubation temperature for bead-cell interactions was identified as 32 °C, with deviations above or below this temperature impairing binding efficiency. Longer incubation times (up to 120 min) significantly improved antibody coating on the beads, enhancing their ability to capture target cells. The study also demonstrated a strong correlation between bacterial load and binding efficiency, highlighting the sensitivity of the immunomagnetic separation method in detecting E. coli O157 even at low concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of precisely controlling experimental parameters to maximize the efficiency and specificity of immunomagnetic separation techniques, providing a valuable framework for researchers aiming to refine bead-based cell capture protocols for diagnostic or research applications. </p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12834865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of necrophagous flies and microbiome profiling of Phumosia promittens as a rainforest health indicator.","authors":"Ahmad Azani Othman, Nuralifah Insyirah Mohamed Zain, Zolkapli Eshak, Mohammad Adam Adman, Zulkiflee Abd Latif, Khaled M Aboshanab, Azwandi Ahmad","doi":"10.1186/s13568-025-01994-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13568-025-01994-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrophagous flies play a critical role in decomposition and serve as bioindicators of environmental health and pollution. Malaysia's tropical rainforest ecosystems may host many necrophagous fly species, including unique blowflies and their associated bacteria. However, in many forest reserve areas, the diversity of these flies remains poorly studied. This study examines the diversity of necrophagous flies and their associated surface bacteria community, with a particular focus on Phumosia promittens (Walker in J Proc Linn Soc Lond Zool 4:90-96, 1859) in the Bangi Forest Reserve, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sampling was conducted across three plots using baited traps, and collected flies were morphologically identified and processed under sterile conditions. Surface bacteria from P. promittens were isolated and analysed through metagenomic analysis targeting the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) amplicon sequencing gene to characterise their microbial communities comprehensively. Among 2,528 individuals collected, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) was the most dominant species overall, while P. promittens was the most abundant among native forest species, suggesting their ecological adaptability and potential as a bioindicator of healthy rainforest. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's diversity of flies in the study location were 0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.29 ± 0.06, respectively. Meanwhile, the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's diversity of bacteria from P. promittens were 5.64 ± 0.70 and 0.96 ± 0.02, respectively. Bacterial microbiome analysis revealed the presence of core genera, including Wohlfahrtiimonas, Dysgonomonas, Vagococcus, and Ignatzschineria, which are implicated in both ecological symbiosis and public health concerns. These bacteria may contribute to nutrient cycling, such as heavy metals and antibiotics. Notably, several of these genera are emerging zoonotic pathogens with antimicrobial resistance, highlighting the dual role of necrophagous flies as ecosystem contributors and disease vectors. The findings underscore the importance of monitoring native fly species and their microbiota to assess the integrity of forest ecosystems and potential public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7537,"journal":{"name":"AMB Express","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12783473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145740740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}