Allergologia et immunopathologia最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy in asthma: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential.","authors":"Ying Liu, Tongtong Wang, Yu-Ang Dong, Jun Zhang","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease, characterized by airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and remodeling. Oxidative stress and autophagy play pivotal roles in asthma pathogenesis. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) worsens airway damage and inflammation, and impaired antioxidant defenses in patients with asthma further increase ROS production, leading to tissue damage. Environmental factors, such as allergens and air pollution, and inflammatory cells, such as macrophages and eosinophils, contribute to elevated ROS levels, thereby intensifying the disease. Autophagy, a key mechanism for eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining cellular homeostasis, plays a dual role in asthma. While autophagy activation mitigates oxidative stress, dysregulated or excessive autophagy worsens airway remodeling and inflammation. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy in asthma and discusses emerging therapeutic approaches targeting autophagy to improve disease outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Qingchang Yuyang decoction on treatment efficacy and intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis.","authors":"Jing Wang, Linfeng Cao, Yingjie Zhu","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the therapeutic effects of Qingchang Yuyang Decoction on ulcerative colitis (UC) and its impact on intestinal flora. Using existing case records, a retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing clinical data from 96 UC patients (damp-heat syndrome of the large intestine) treated at our hospital between June 2022 and June 2024. Based on the different treatment methods recorded, 50 patients were included in the observation group and 46 in the control group. The control group received conventional treatment (oral sustained-release mesalazine tablets), while the observation group received oral Qingchang Yuyang Decoction in addition to conventional treatment. The efficacy and effects on intestinal flora were compared between the two groups. The change in the modified Mayo score before and after treatment in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group (p < 0.001). After treatment, scores for abdominal pain and diarrhea, mucus-pus-bloody stools, tenesmus, anal burning, and short and red urine were significantly lower in the observation group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Post-treatment, the observation group showed significantly higher levels of IL-10 than the control group, while IL-8 and TNF-α levels were lower in the observation group (p < 0.05). After treatment, Enterococcus and Enterobacter counts in the observation group were lower, while the observation group had higher levels of Bifidobacterium, Butyric Clostridium, and Lactobacillus compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The complication rate was lower in the observation group (p < 0.05). The combination of Qingchang Yuyang Decoction with sustained-release mesalazine tablets can improve the clinical efficacy in UC, significantly alleviate clinical symptoms, reduce the inflammatory response, adjust intestinal flora distribution, and promote recovery, making it worthy of clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"60-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dieckol ameliorates inflammatory response via inhibition of CHI3L1 expression in collagen-induced arthritis rats.","authors":"Weijiang Wang, Huijie Li","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dieckol (DEK), the main phlorotannin of brown algal, has been regarded as a powerful anti-inflammatory agent in various diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a typical inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting synovial joints. However, the pharmaceutical effect of DEK on RA is still waiting to be unveiled.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model was established and DEK was administered intraperitoneally for three weeks. Paw swelling and histologic analysis were performed to evaluate CIA progression. Inflammatory cytokine and oxidative biomarker expression were assessed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in synovial joint was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescent (IF) staining. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to evaluate chondrocyte apoptosis. Western blot assay was performed to determine the expression level of nuclear erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2), chitinase 3-like protein 1(CHI3L1) and apoptosis-specific proteins. Finally, CHI3L1 overexpression was used to explore its essential role in the biological effect of DEK <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DEK treatment significantly ameliorates paw swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, chondrocyte apoptosis and vascular pannus formation in CIA rats. Moreover, inflammatory cytokine and oxidative biomarker expression was also attenuated by DEK treatment. Notably, DEK treatment obviously promoted Nrf2 nuclear import and CHI3L1 expression in synovial joint. Overexpression of CHI3L1 by AVV-mediated transfection abrogated the pharmaceutical effect of DEK <i>in vivo</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a promising translational potential of DEK as an anti-rheumatic drug facilitating RA clinical treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy and safety of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis treatment: one year of review 2024.","authors":"Di Liu, Guimei Yu, Na Yuan, Daqing Nie","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Both articular and extra-articular structures are affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory rheumatic illness that results in severe joint destruction, disability, and death. To increase the response rate and provide RA patients more options, there is an unmet need for the development of innovative treatment drugs. Evaluation of cellular, cytokine, genomic, and transcriptome profiles that would predict therapeutic response to biologic or targeted disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) with various action modes is necessary for a customized therapy plan in RA. Owing to the development of new biologic medicines that target distinct mechanisms of action, the treatment algorithm for RA has undergone significant modification during the last one to two decades. More patients are now able to undergo biologic therapy early in the progression of their illness, thanks to the availability of less expensive biosimilars.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the efficacy and safety of biologic or targeted syntheticb/ts DMARDs in RA treatment based on the publications in the past year.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>We compiled the most recent findings from original research publications of 2024 about the effects of b/tsDMARDs on the treatment of RA. In addition, this review article also concluded the recent findings from original research publications of the year 2024 about the effects of b/tsDMARDs biosimilars for treating RA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This article summarizes the evidence and safety of biologic DMARDs (bDMARDs) or targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) in the management of RA, including those that target tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, B cells, T-cell co-stimulation, and Janus kinase (JAK) from original research articles published in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"140-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cashew nut allergy in Korean children: Findings from a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Jaeeun Kim, Sanghwa Youm, Sooyoung Lee, Kyunguk Jeong","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cashew nut (CN) allergy is becoming increasingly prevalent and represents a major cause of tree nut-induced anaphylaxis in Korean children. This study investigated the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of CN allergy in Korean children.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Sixty-four children with a history of CN ingestion, who underwent serum CN-specific immunoglobulin E (CN-sIgE) measurements from January 2013 to February 2023, were enrolled through a retrospective medical record review. The demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and laboratory findings were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Thirty-five patients had immediate-type reactions after exposure to CN (CN-allergic group), whereas 29 showed no symptoms after ingesting CN (CN-tolerant group). Over 60% of patients in the CN-allergic group were allergic to ≥ 1 other tree nuts and 17.1% had peanut allergies. In the CN-allergic group, cutaneous symptoms were most common (94.1%), followed by respiratory (35.3%), gastrointestinal (32.4%), and cardiovascular (2.9%) symptoms. Anaphylaxis due to CN exposure was observed in 51.4% of patients in the CN-allergic group. The median CN-sIgE level of the CN-allergic group was significantly higher than that of the CN-tolerant group (5.5 kUA/L vs. 0.06 kUA/L, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The optimal cutoff level for distinguishing the CN-allergic group from the CN-tolerant group was 0.55 kU_A/L (sensitivity 94.29%, specificity 93.10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-allergies to other tree nuts were common in children with CN allergy and more than 50% of patients with CN allergy experienced anaphylaxis. The optimal cutoff level for distinguishing between the CN-allergic and CN-tolerant groups was 0.55 kU_A/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143955929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic predisposition and increased environmental allergen exposure in cat allergy: The pandemic is a very good example.","authors":"Bahar Arslan, Gülden Paçacı Çetin, İnsu Yilmaz","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Domestic cats are among the most common sources of indoor allergens. There was an increase in indoor allergen exposure, especially cats and house dust mites, as people spent more time at home during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. In this study, our aim was to examine the frequency of cat sensitization and ownership after the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship with other indoor and pollen allergen sensitizations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data of patients who applied to our clinic between 2018 and 2022, with a history of hypersensitivity reaction after contact with cats and diagnosed with cat allergy by positive skin test or specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) level, were examined retrospectively. Skin test was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. sIgE levels against cat allergens were measured using The Phadia CAP System FEIA method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There has been an increase in the rate of cat ownership (P < 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The prevalence of cat allergy in 2020 and beyond (5.89%) was significantly higher than the pre-COVID period (4.53%; P < 0.001). The prevalence of concomitant df (dermatophagoides farinae) (1.53-1.58%), dp (dermatophagoides pterynossinus) (1.53-1.48%), and pollen (3.47-3.62%) hypersensitivity before COVID-19 did not differ significantly after COVID, but the prevalence of \"penicillium\" hypersensitivity before COVID (= 8/5825) was found to be significantly lower (0.14-1.28%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>During the pandemic period, both the increase in cat ownership and spending more time indoors seem to have led to an increase in cat allergy. No increase in indoor allergen sensitization other than penicillium accompanying cat allergy was detected.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time to reconsider the role of partially hydrolyzed infant formulas in the prevention of allergic diseases?","authors":"Mikaela Sekkidou, Elena Philippou, Panayiotis K Yiallouros, Nicolaos Nicolaou","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Allergic diseases are on the increase worldwide, incurring a high socioeconomic burden on patients, families, and healthcare systems. As a permanent cure for most allergies is still lacking, prevention is of paramount importance. So far, several strategies, including nutritional interventions, have been proposed to halt this phenomenon with inconclusive results. The use of partially hydrolyzed formulas (pHFs) for non-exclusively breastfed infants has been proposed by several scientific bodies; however, most have withdrawn this suggestion based on the concept of insufficient evidence. During the last few years, emerging evidence suggests that specific pHFs may reduce the risk of allergies in individuals at high risk for allergy development based on their heredity. In this article, we review the role of pHFs and propose that in non-exclusively breastfed infants at high-risk for allergy, the use of pHFs remains one of the most targeted interventions, as consistent data indicate a possible role in allergy prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"181-193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of MASK-air^® use in allergic rhinitis patients receiving immunotherapy and the effect on quality of life.","authors":"Özge Kama Başci, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Soner Gunes, Cengiz Kirmaz","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of MASK-air^® application is to enhance awareness of allergic rhinitis (AR) and its complications, thereby reducing the risk of developing asthma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact of MASK-air^® on the quality of life (QoL) and symptomatology of AR patients undergoing allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The study also evaluated patient satisfaction with the application.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between August and November 2019 at a tertiary Allergy and Immunology center involving patients receiving AIT. Participants were instructed on accessing and utilizing MASK-air^® daily through face-to-face interviews. Concurrently, the Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) and the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) were administered alongside MASK-air^® Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. After 6 months, RQLQ scores were reassessed and a satisfaction survey was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study comprised 96 patients. Significant correlations were observed among SFAR, RQLQ, and VAS scores. After 6 months of MASK-air^® usage, improvements in QoL and symptom reduction were evident. Notably, participants who consistently used MASK-air^® demonstrated significant reductions in activity limitations and hay fever scores compared to irregular users (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02, respectively). Additionally, participants under 40 years of age and those with higher education levels exhibited a greater inclination toward online monitoring via the application. Overall, participants found MASK-air^® practical, citing various advantages and disadvantages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MASK-air^® serves as a valuable tool for physicians in managing treatment and is associated with validated, reliable scales. Its use was linked to enhanced QoL and symptom reduction among participants, irrespective of treatment duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143958352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular sensitisation patterns to aeroallergens in a Mediterranean paediatric population and their clinical implications.","authors":"Cristina Rivas-Juesas, Praxedes Solano, Tania Galán Díez, Fernando Pineda de la Losa","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1298","DOIUrl":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Environmental exposures, climate change, and lifestyle factors are key contributors to respiratory allergies. Understanding the connection between allergen exposure and the development of allergic diseases in early life is essential for identifying sensitization patterns and optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to characterize the allergic sensitization profile in a Mediterranean paediatric population using a component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) approach. Specifically, we analyse the prevalence and serodominance of aeroallergens, examine age-related sensitization patterns, and assess their implications for personalized allergen immunotherapy. Additionally, we highlight the need to incorporate the identified molecular allergens into standardized allergenic extracts to improve diagnostic accuracy and immunotherapy efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study including paediatric patients (0-15 years) diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, with or without asthma. Patients were classified according to disease severity following international guidelines. Skin prick tests were performed using standardized extracts, and specific IgE levels were determined with the multiplex assay Allergy Explorer 2 (ALEX2-MADX).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 47 patients were included (mean age: 7.5 years). Sensitization to house dust mites (HDM) was the most prevalent (74.5%), followed by pollen (57.4%) and animal epithelia (44.6%). The most frequently recognized allergens were Der p 23 (59.57%) for HDM, Ole e 1 (36.17%) for olive pollen, and Fel d 1 (27.7%) for cat epithelium. The highest IgE levels were observed in children aged 6-10 years. Polysensitization was present in 66% of patients, with frequent co-recognition of allergens from different sources. The findings emphasize the need to ensure that allergenic extracts used in diagnosis and immunotherapy contain relevant molecular components to enhance treatment precision.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A detailed molecular characterization of allergic sensitization in paediatric patients provides valuable insights into aeroallergen exposure and its clinical implications. Our findings reinforce the importance of incorporating relevant molecular allergens into standardized diagnostic and therapeutic extracts to optimize patient management and improve the efficacy of allergen-specific immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on allergen sensitivity of individuals.","authors":"Ferhat Sağun, Fatih Çölkesen, Mehmet Emin Gerek, Seçim Kolak, Emrah Harman, Şevket Arslan","doi":"10.15586/aei.v53i3.1318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15586/aei.v53i3.1318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The most common indoor allergens are house dust mites, molds, cockroaches, and pet allergens. Increasing exposure to these allergens increases the possibility of sensitization. This study examines changes in allergen sensitivity during the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 19,525 skin prick test results from patients visiting the allergy clinic between January 2017 and August 2024. Patients were categorized into pre-pandemic (January 2017-March 2020), pandemic (March 2020-December 2022), and post-pandemic (January 2023-August 2024) periods. Allergen sensitization rates were compared across these timeframes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A linear increase was observed in cats-Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, and Artemisia vulgaris allergen sensitization during and after the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic period (all p<0.001). Cockroach and grass-pollen sensitivities increased during the pandemic and remained elevated post-pandemic (all p<0.001). Dog allergen sensitivity peaked during the pandemic but declined post-pandemic (p<0.001). Sensitivity to the tree-pollen mixture, weed-pollen mixture, and Chenopodium album increased during the pandemic, slightly decreased post-pandemic, but remained significantly higher than pre-pandemic levels (p<0.001). In the test results studied since the pandemic period, Aspergillus fumigatus (p=0.007) and Cladosporium herbarum (p=0.005) allergen sensitivity was seen less in the post-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study reveals that the COVID-19 pandemic has significant effects on allergen sensitivity profiles along with changes in living habits. In particular, the increase in sensitivity to indoor allergens may be associated with the increased time spent at home during the pandemic, emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in the development of allergic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":7536,"journal":{"name":"Allergologia et immunopathologia","volume":"53 3","pages":"8-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143952008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}